ICoplas ekufeni kukayise.
ICoplas ekufeni kukayise Ngowona msebenzi waziwa kakhulu kumbongi wangaphambili wase-Renaissance wase-Jorge Manrique (1440-1479). Imihla yokubhala yaqala ngomhla we-11 kuNovemba ngo-1476. Yagqitywa kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva kokubhubha kwenkosi uSantiago Rodrigo Manrique — utata nomkhokeli wombhali-, ixhoba lomhlaza.
Umbongo umele ubungqina obubaluleke kakhulu kuncwadi ngexesha lokusekwa kweCastilian njengolona lwimi luphambili kumhlaba waseSpain. Ngendlela efanayo, Ngomnye wemizekelo ebalaseleyo yento elegy eyiyo. Yinto engaphantsi kwengoma eneenjongo eziphambili kukulilela ukusweleka komntu kwaye, okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, kukuhlonipha ubomi bakhe nomsebenzi.
Umbhali
Umhla wokuzalwa UJorge Manrique. Nangona ababhali bembali behlala bevuma ukuba yenzeka ngexesha elithile lonyaka we-1440, eParedes de Nava. Le dolophu namhlanje inoluhlu lukamasipala, ikwiphondo lasePalencia, eCastilla y León.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala kwabelwana ngawo ngomkhosi, apho, wanyuselwa ngokulula. Kuya kuba kanye embindini wolwabiwo lwemfazwe xa ukufa ngaphambi kwexesha kuye (kunye neminyaka engama-39). Wayesilwa phakathi kwabaphumeleleyo kwiMfazwe eNkulu yeCastilian Succession. Le mpikiswano yaphela ngokubekwa kuka-Isabel umKatolika ngokusemthethweni.
Umsebenzi kaJorge Manrique
Ngaphandle kokuhamba kwakhe okwexeshana kwihlabathi labantu abafayo kunye noxanduva lwakhe njengejoni, Ukudalwa kwemibongo kaJorge Manrique kwakunzima kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuba athathwe njengomnye wababhali abanempembelelo e-Iberia phantse kuzo zonke izizukulwana ezilandelayo.
Uvulindlela, ukhaliphile, ushushu ... ngoku
Isitayela sakhe se-burlesque, isitrikhi kunye nothando sigcine ukusebenza kwaso ngexesha langoku kunye nasemva kwexesha langoku. Inyaniso, Akuqhelekanga ukufumana iziqwenga zemidlalo yeqonga zangoku kunye neefilimu ezibonisa iziza ezichaphazeleka zizikimu zikaManrique., ukuya kumlinganiselo omkhulu okanye omncinane. Ngokunjalo, wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala ukujongana ne-eroticism ngokusesikweni, ngokuvulekileyo nangaphandle kwegama elingelolakho.
Ngenxa yoko-njengoko bekulindelekile ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu- kukhokelele kwizikrelemnqa ezininzi kunye nokucaphuka okukhulu ngaphakathi kwesangqa samandla. Nangona, ngaphaya komxholo "wokugxila" kwimigca yakhe, ngokwendlela ebalisayo, Yayiyimbonakalo ethembekileyo yeemigaqo ezazikhona ngelo xesha.
Imbongi enothando, ehlekisayo kunye ne-burlesque ngokulinganayo
UJorge Manrique.
Kwimisebenzi yakhe emininzi uManrique wanika indawo ebonakalayo kwinkanuko kunye nenkanuko enongwe ngamanyala. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iimeko ezongeziweyo kubomi bakhe babucala, kunye nezihlandlo ezininzi zokuthandana kwakhe Kwaye umtshato wakhe noDona Giomar de Castañeda.
Ekugqibeleni, kwezinye zeevesi zakhe wanika umbono wesimilo esinzulu ngakumbi, esenza izihloko ezinje ngezifungo zentlupheko kunye nentsingiselo yokuthobela. Ngokulinganayo, Iimpikiswano zavela esandleni sehlazo elimnyama (lalisoyikeka kwaye lingaphambi kwexesha lalo) ukuxhaphaza ngendlela ethe ngqo, ukunciphisa. Ke ngoko, uManrique waqokelela inani elikhulu labakhubekisayo (ngakumbi abasetyhini).
ICoplas ekufeni kukayise
Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: ICoplas ekufeni kukayise
Ngaphakathi kokubhaliweyo kukaJorge Manrique, ICoplas ekufeni kukayise ngumsebenzi owahlukileyo. Ingakumbi ngokubhekisele kulwakhiwo, ulwimi, into enesingqi kunye nomoya wengqondo, ukungafani kuyacaca xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yangaphambili yombhali weCastilian. Ukongeza, emva komvuzo kuyise, wayengenalo ixesha lokubhala ngakumbi.
Imbongi evela eParede yaxhamla ekusebenziseni iimvakalelo ezixubileyo ezathi zavela ngexesha lomngcwabo kayise ukwakha igugu loncwadi lwesiCastilian. Akuzange nanini na abe neentloni kude nentlungu, kwaye akazange alingwe ukuba athobe uvakalelo. Isiphumo sokwenene kunye nomsebenzi wokuqala, okwazi ukuvelisa iimvakalelo "kubanda" kubafundi.
Imibhalo edlulileyo?
Abanye abaphandi bomsebenzi kaManrique bathi bafumene imiqondiso yokuba inxenye entle yeli phecana yabhalwa ngaphambi kokuba kusweleke inkosi u-Rodrigo Manrique. Ngokwethiyori, beka ukwakheka kwabo "kwangoko" kwithuba elide, eqala iminyaka eli-10 ukujikeleza ii-1460s.
Ngokufanayo, kucingelwa ukuba i-odolo yantlandlolo yezitanza yatshintsha ngexesha lokukhuphela okuqhubekekayo. Ayisiyonto incinci, njengoko kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuqonda kwayo kwenzeka xa ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokushicilela wawungekabi ngumbandela oqhelekileyo.
Ulwakhiwo
UManrique usebenzisa isimbo esinegama elivela kwigama lakhe: manriqueñas sextillas (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "de pie quebrado"). Iyonke, umsebenzi uqulethe iivesi ezingama-40, zohlulwe zangamacandelo amathathu. Kananjalo, zidityaniswe ngeevesi ezineesilabhili ezisibhozo zidityaniswe nezinye zamagama amathathu, zidityaniswe zangamaqela amabini ngamabini. Iimvano-siphelo zilandela indibaniselwano elandelayo: abc: abc- def: def.
Umxholo
Intlonipho kuyise ifumaneka ekuphuculeni zonke iimpawu zakhe. KwiManrique, umfanekiso wooyise ngumzekelo wokulunga, ulungelelwano kunye nesibindi. Ke, Ukuphazamiseka kokufa kubangela zonke iintlobo zokubonakalisa. Yintoni ekufuneka ilindelwe kuyo? Kwenzeka ntoni kwabo bafileyo? ...
Ezo ntandabuzo zokuqala zaphakamisa ukuhlanganisa intambo yesiqhekeza kwinxalenye yokuqala. Emva koko kuphakama omnye umbuzo osondeleyo: bayaphi (emva kokuba beswelekile)? Ngokwahlukileyo, iintshaba zikabawo zibonakalisa yonke into engalunganga.
Ukufa: umcebisi ongalindelekanga
Ibinzana nguJorge Manrique.
Umbhali usebenzisa inani lokufa njengomlinganiswa onendima ephambili emsebenzini. Nangona kwizigaba zokuqala ucacisa ukuba uyinxalenye yendlela enye ahamba kuyo "ebomini", ngendlela efanayo "ngumntu" okwaziyo ukucebisa abo "basaphila". Ngale ndlela, ucebisa (ukufa) ukuba angazilibali ezi zinto zilandelayo: ukuhlala yimeko yethutyana kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukhohlakele.
Isiqwenga:
"Ukuphila okuhlala kuhleli
awuphumeleli namazwe
ngokwasemhlabeni,
nangobomi obuthandekayo
apho kuhlala khona izono
isihogo;
kodwa ezilungileyo zonqulo
iphumelele ngemithandazo
kunye neenyembezi;
Manene adumileyo,
ngemigudu neentsizi
ngokuchasene neeMoor ”.
Emva kokufa
Esinye isilogeni esichazwe ngumvuni omdaka: obunye ubomi "bude", buya "kuba nodumo oluzukileyo kunalolo lushiyekileyo apha. Ukongeza, umbhali ubonakalisa ukusebenziseka okuyinyani kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neminye imibuzo (Yeyiphi ekuhambeni kwexesha eya kuthi ibonakale ingaphezulu).
Isiqwenga:
"Yiyo loo nto iimpahla zisifa
nangokubila - bafuna
nemihla;
ububi buza bubaleke;
emva kokuba bezile, bahlala
okuninzi".
Kwimigca yokugqibela, uManrique akalibali ukukhankanya ukubaluleka kukaThixo, kunye nokuchaza ngokucacileyo ukuthanda kwakhe nokumoyika uKristu. Ekugqibeleni, Kuyimfuneko ukubeka kwimeko yokugqitha kobuqu ICoplas ekufeni kukayise Umbhali. Ukuba ngomnye wemisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela eyaziwayo, yayiphindezela.