Umhlaba woncwadi yenye yezona zinkulu ezikhoyo ngenxa yobuninzi beentlobo zoncwadi ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyalahleka kuba ukufunda akuyiyo imfashini. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinxalenye yembali yethu, ke ngoko, namhlanje sifuna ukukuxelela ngayo yonke into onokuyifumana kuzo.
Kwaye into kukuba iintlobo zibanzi kwaye awuzazi zonke. Ngethamsanqa siphande kwaye ngoku siza kukufundisa zithini iintlobo zoncwadi, zeziphi ezikhoyo, kwaye zeziphi iinxalenye onokuzifumana kuzo nganye yazo.
Zithini iintlobo zoncwadi
Uhlobo loncwadi lubhekisa kwi- ukuhlelwa ngokwamaqela okanye iindidi zemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoncwadi. Ezi zahlulwe ngokusekwe kulwakhiwo abanalo ngokunjalo nomxholo. Ngamanye amagama, sithetha ngamaqela amakhulu ekukho kuwo yonke imisebenzi yoncwadi.
Kuyo yonke imbali, Iintlobo zoncwadi bezingasoloko zifana, Nokuba imisebenzi ibingaqulathwanga kuhlobo olunye njengangoku. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlulwa kugcinwe ixesha elithile. Ngomqolomba omnye: ukubandakanywa kwenombolo yesini, enye ye-didactic.
Yiyo loo nto, okwangoku, sinokuthi kukho amaqela amakhulu amathathu, abaluleke kakhulu ekudala ehlanganisa imisebenzi ixesha elide, ebalisa, emnandi kwaye enomdla. Kungekudala emva koko, uhlobo lwe-didactic lwabandakanywa.
Ngubani odale iintlobo zoncwadi?
Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ngubani owayengumyili wezinto ezakha ezo ntlobo zoncwadi? Okanye kutheni le nto inoveli ingaphakathi kohlobo lokubaliswa ngelixa umbongo unengoma okanye idrama yemidlalo yeqonga? Kulungile konke oku Sinetyala kumntu omnye: uAristotle.
Isalathiso sokuqala, kunye nolwahlulo lokuqala lweentlobo zoncwadi zazivela ku-Aristotle. Ngokukodwa, kwincwadi yakhe ethi La Poetica, wathetha ngeentlobo ezintathu zeentlobo zoncwadi: ezibalisayo, ezengqumbo nezidrama.
Iindidi zoncwadi loncwadi
Ngoku uyazi i Iindidi ezine zeentlobo zoncwadi ezikhoyo, abayeki apho. Kwiqela ngalinye kula maqela makhulu, ngokulandelelana, iziqendu ezininzi zoncwadi ezenza lonke uncwadi.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba nganye nganye ibhekisa phi? Siza kukuchazela apha ngezantsi.
Uhlobo lokubalisayo
Uhlobo lwebali lwantlandlolo kunye nolwangoku alufani. Ngaphambili, uhlobo lokubaliswa lwalusaziwa njengendawo ekwakuxelelwa kuyo imisitho eyindumasi, ihlala idibanisa incoko kunye nenkcazo, kwaye le ithethwayo yayiqhelekile kunale ibhaliweyo.
Inoveli
Incwadana yenye yeenkqutyana zeentlobo zoncwadi ezaziwa kakhulu kwihlabathi lonke. Libali apho kubaliswa ibali elingaphantsi okanye elingaphantsi, apho abalinganiswa abohlukeneyo bangena khona kwaye apho, apho unokufumana imixholo eyahlukeneyo: amapolisa, izinto ezithandanayo, ezothando ...
Ibali
Kwimeko yebali, sithetha nge Ukubaliswa okufutshane, okunokusekwa kwinto yokwenyani okanye ukudala ibali eliyinyani. Inabalinganiswa abambalwa kunye nophuhliso olusisiseko kunye nolulula. Kwaye nokuba ucinga ukuba ijolise ebantwaneni, inyani kukuba ayigqaliswanga.
Intsomi
Intsomi, njengebali, ikwalibali elifutshane, elihlala linabalinganiswa abazizilwanyana okanye uthotho oludityaniswe noluntu (umzekelo, izilwanyana eziziphatha njengabantu).
Intsomi
Libali lokwenyani eliqala ukuhonjiswa ngezinto ezintle, ngaloo ndlela lifumana ibali ngeebrashi ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ezingenangqondo, kodwa ezitshata kakuhle kangangokuba ziye zithandwa zize zibe yinto ekukholelwa kuyo. Ngapha koko, ngamanye amaxesha abantu abaninzi baye babonakalise ubunyani boku.
IMito
Kwinxalenye yayo, intsomi inokuqwalaselwa njenge ibali elimnandi malunga nomlinganiswa, kodwa phantse bahlala begxila koothixo bamandulo okanye amaqhawe, azikho ezininzi iintsomi ezikhoyo. Oku kuphawulwa ngokutshintsha inyani, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kubalinganiswa, ukuyidumisa kwabanye ebalini.
Epic
Ibali eliyindumasi lizama ukuxelela ubungangamsha beqhawe, okanye aliqela, kunye neemfazwe athe wazibandakanya, nangona enyanisweni kunganyanzelekanga ukuba ziyinyani, kodwa endaweni yoko zenze umntu acinge ukuba zinjalo.
Uluhlu
Kwimeko ye-epic, iyafana nale ingasentla, kodwa yahlukile kule yokuba abalinganiswa ababoniswayo ayingabo "abantu abaqhelekileyo", kodwa sithetha ngabalinganiswa basentsomini, oothixo okanye oothixo.
Imizekelo emibini ecacileyo evela kuncwadi yiIliad okanye iOdyssey.
Cula isenzo
Ujolise kwi Xelela ibali lezinto ezenzekileyo, iimfazwe, njl. wobukrelekrele bamaXesha Aphakathi. Enye yezona zaziwa kakhulu yi-El Cantar de mio Cid.
Lyric
Ukuqhubela phambili kuhlobo lweengoma, liqela lesibini elikhulu leentlobo zoncwadi kwaye kuyo uya kufumana amaqela amancinci amabini: lakudala kunye nelala maxesha.
Uhlobo lweengoma lubhekisa ku Uncwadi apho umbhali kufuneka aveze iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, njl. kumntu ofundayo okanye omamelayo. Ke ngoko, ihlala ithanda ukuba yimbongi (yiyo loo nto eyona nto yaziwayo sisibongo).
Iingoma zamandulo zamandulo
Phakathi kwazo kukho:
- Igumbi
- I-Elegy
- Ukulinganisa
- Ingoma yeekwayala
- Ingoma
- Umhobe
- Ukungena
- Epigram
- Romance
Iingoma zanamhlanje zeengoma
Ukongeza koku kungasentla, yonke le mibongo iye kwinqanaba elincinci okanye elincinci, kuye kwaziswa iindlela ezimbini ezintsha zohlobo lweengoma, ezi zilandelayo:
- Sonnet. Lubonakala ngokwakhiwa kweevesi ezilishumi elinesine, ihendecasyllable, kunye nemvano-zandi yamaqabane. Ukongeza, kufuneka zahlulwe zibe zii-quartet ezimbini kunye no-kathathu.
- Madrigal. Yimbongo emfutshane yeengoma ethi, phantse rhoqo, inezivakalisi zothando, kwaye egxile kumfazi, ukudibanisa iivesi zamagama alishumi elinanye kunye nesixhenxe.
Uhlobo lomdlalo weqonga okanye weqonga
Uhlobo lomdlalo weqonga, ekwabizwa ngokuba luhlobo lweqonga, lujolise bonisa indawo yebali lomlinganiswa ngengxoxo, endaweni yeenkcazo. Nangona ibhaliwe, eyona njongo iphambili yomsebenzi weqonga kukumelwa ngababukeli, ke iya kuba yeyokubonakalayo kunye nokuphicothwa endaweni yokubhaliweyo.
Kule hlobo unokufumana ezi zinto zilandelayo zoncwadi:
- Intlungu
- Uhlobo
- Umdlalo weqonga / iTragicomedy
- IMelodrama
- Farce
Uhlobo lwe-didactic
Okokugqibela, sinalo uhlobo lwe-didactic. Yi le ekuphela kwento uAristotle awayengathethi ngayo emsebenzini wakhe, Kwaye kwavela kwiminyaka eliqela kamva ukubandakanya loo misebenzi yayinemvakalelo yemfundo okanye, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, didactic.
Ngale ndlela, ii-subgenres onokuzifumana kweli qela likhulu zezi zilandelayo:
- Uvavanyo
- I-Biography
- ICrónica
- Imemori ebhaliweyo
- Umlomo
- Incwadi okanye ileta
- Unyango
- Intsomi
- Inoveli ye-didactic
- Ingxoxo
- Umbongo we-didactic