Phambi kokuchaza iindidi zemibongo, kunyanzelekile ukuba uchaze ukuba yintoni na umbongo. Kwi-RAE (2020) "ngumsebenzi wombongo ngesiqhelo kwivesi". Ke ngoko, zizicatshulwa zohlobo lwemibongo, ezinikwe imitha kunye nesingqisho. Imvelaphi yokubonakaliswa koncwadi ibuyela kwixesha leGrisi yakudala.
Umbongo waseGilgamesh - wemvelaphi yaseSumeriya (2500-2000 BC) -ngomnye weyona indalo indala ebhaliweyo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iyahambelana nombongo we-epic La Odyssey -Homer- yenye yezona ngoma zidumileyo zolu hlobo. Ukusuka kwezo ziqalo zikhulu, Imibongo iguquke ngokwahluka kweengoma kunye nemveli, kunye nezimbo ezininzi zolwakhiwo, iindlela zokubiza amagama, isingqisho kunye nengoma.
Iindidi zemibongo ngokwesiko lasentshona
Umbongo weLyric
Imisebenzi yemibongo yeengoma yakhulelwa ukuba icengcelezwe kunye nehabhu (yiyo loo nto igama layo). Kumaxesha amandulo, iiHellene zazidla ngokuqamba imibongo ebonakaliswa ngesingqi sayo kunye nomculo. Ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane, olo manyano lusetyenzisiwe ziimbongi ngokusebenzisa amanani-mpendulo (umzekelo, imfanozandi).
Imibongo yeengoma iveza "ubunzulu" bembongi, kunye neemvakalelo zothando okanye ubuhlobo. Zihlala ziyimibongo emifutshane (uninzi lwezihloko ezikhulu kolo hlobo ziisonethi). Ngaphandle kukaFrancesco de Petrarca (1304 - 1374), abona bantu bakhumbula kakhulu imibongo yeengoma bazalwa ngekhulu le-1808: uJosé de Espronceda (1842-1836) noGustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1870 - XNUMX).
umbongo oyindumasi
Yinto eyilwe ngakumbi ukuba iculwe kunokuba icengwe. Njengokubonakaliswa kweenkondlo, imibongo yeengqungquthela yavela kwiGrisi yakudala. Ummeli wayo obalaseleyo waye Homer, nangona kungenakwenzeka ukungawahoyi amagama afana noHesiod okanye umqambi waseRoma uVirgil.
Iimpawu zombongo oyindumasi
- Ibali lisetelwe kwixesha elikude; umhla kunqabile ukuba uchazwe.
- Ziyimibhalo emide, yahlulwe yazizahluko ezibizwa ngokuba yingoma.
- Imixholo yenkolo (Umbono) okanye umbono (Uncedo).
- Uhlala edibanisa iindinyana ezintle kunye nezinto zokwenyani.
- Injongo yayo kukuphakamisa iimfazwe (iingoma zoloyiso kunye nesibindi) okanye izinto zembali.
Imibuzo esisiseko yokuchonga uhlobo lombongo, iiparameter zangoku
- Zingaphi iivesi kwistanza ngasinye?
- Zingaphi iisilabhili zemetric kwivesi nganye?
- Luluphi uhlobo lwemvano-siphelo (isandi okanye ikhonsonanti)?
- Ngaba lukhona uhlobo lokuvisisana kunye / okanye isadad phakathi kweendinyana?
- Zidityaniswa njani ezi vesi kwistanza ngasinye? (Iimpawu zeMetric).
Iikhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo
Imvano-siphelo ye-Assonance kunye nemvano-zandi ehambelanayo
Ukumisela uhlobo lwesicengcelezo, kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwisilabhili yokugqibela egxininisiweyo kwivesi nganye. Ukuba kuphela izikhamiso ziyahambelana, isingqisho sithathwa njengesiqhelo (umzekelo, i-candelabra kunye ne-piecework). Kwelinye icala, ukuba umdlalo ugqityiwe - kwisandi sezikhamiso kunye noonobumba - isingqisho sisandi; umzekelo: uyathandwa kwaye uyakhazimla.
Iindinyana zobugcisa obukhulu kunye neendinyana zobugcisa obuncinci
Umahluko kule meko ulula kakhulu, bala nje inani lamalungu alishumi metric akhoyo kwivesi nganye. Ukuba eso sixa singaphezulu kwesibhozo, sihlelwa njengevesi enkulu yobugcisa. Kwelinye icala, ukuba inani lamalungu alishumi elinesibhozo okanye ngaphantsi, libizwa ngokuba yindinyana yobugcisa.
Iindidi zemibongo, ukuhlelwa ngokwenani leevesi
Kwimiqolo emibini
Okumiselweyo:
Yenziwe ziivesi ezimbini (nokuba zezobugcisa obuphambili okanye ubugcisa obuncinci okanye uhlobo lwesingqisho).
Kwimiqolo emithathu
Isithathu:
Iqulethwe ziivesi ezintathu zobugcisa obukhulu kunye nemvano-zandi ehambelanayo.
Isithathu:
Inezindinyana ezintathu zobugcisa obuncinci ezinemvano-zandi ehambelanayo.
NONE
Iyafana neyesithathu, nangona inesingqisho semvumelwano.
Ngeevesi ezine
Ikota:
Ukudityaniswa kweevesi ezine zobugcisa obukhulu, isingqisho esingqindilili kuzo zonke.
Ujikeleze:
Iqulethwe ziivesi ezine zobugcisa obuncinci ezinemvano-zandi ehambelanayo.
IServentesio:
Inezindinyana ezine zobugcisa obuphambili (zihlala zii-hendecasyllables) ezinezivumelwano ezingafaniyo kunye nezinye (inkqubo yeABAB).
Quatrain:
Ukudityaniswa kweevesi ezine zobugcisa obuncinci (ngokubanzi iisilabhili ezisibhozo) ezinesingqisho samaqabane (abab scheme).
Isibini:
Ukudityaniswa kweevesi ezine ezineesilayidi zesingqisho.
U-Sash:
Imalunga neendinyana ezine zaseAlexandria ezinemvano-zandi yamaqabane.
Ngeevesi ezintlanu
Quintet:
Inezindinyana ezintlanu zobugcisa obukhulu obunemvano-zandi yamaqabane kuzo zonke, apho kungekho ngaphezu kweevesi ezimbini ngokulandelelana kunye nemvano-siphelo efanayo.
Limerick:
Yenziwe ziivesi ezintlanu zobugcisa obuncinci kunye neskimu esingafaniyo sesicengcelezo.
Lira:
Inika iivesi ezimbini ezi-hendecasyllable kunye neendinyana ezintathu ezinokuphindaphindwa kunye nemvano-siphelo.
Ngeevesi ezintandathu
Unyawo olwaphukileyo okanye iManrique couplet:
Ukudityaniswa kweevesi zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-zandi ehambelanayo.
Ngeevesi ezisibhozo
I-Royal Octave:
Inika iivesi ezisibhozo zobugcisa obuphambili kunye nemvano-zandi ehambelanayo.
Iphetshana:
Yenziwe ziivesi ezisibhozo zobugcisa obuncinci kwisikimu semvumelwano esivumelanayo.
Ngeevesi ezilishumi
Ishumi:
Yindibaniselwano yeevesi zobugcisa obuncinci ezinesingqisho okanye isingqisho semvumelwano, ngokokungcamla kombhali. Ulungelelwaniso lwezicengcelezo luyahluka.
Ngoku, elona cebo laziwayo ngu-abba.accddc (kunye nexesha kumgca wesine) kwaye lihambelana ne-XNUMX spinel. Ukubhalwa kwegama okanye indlela yokubiza igama lokuqala Vicente: espinel. Kwelakhe icala, uMiguel de ingawenzi no-Félix Lope de Vega, oncomekayo ngesandi kunye nokuvakaliswa kwamagqabantshintshi afezekisiweyo nge-spinel, nawo asebenza njengabahambisi bale fomu yesihobe.
Ulwahlulo ngokobunjani balo
Sonnet:
Inamavesi alishumi elinesine anezicengcelezo ezinesingqisho esinamagama afanayo. Iiquartet ezimbini kunye namawele amathathu, ukuba zichaneke. Ukuhanjiswa kwayo yile: ABBA ABBA CDC CDC. Namhlanje kunokufumaneka izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya nezo zababhali abaphambili abanjengoRubén Darío. Olu hlobo lombongo luvele e-Itali ngababhali abanjengo Petrarca no Dante Alighieri.
Ezothando:
Yimbongi enombongo kunye nenani elingapheliyo leendinyana ezinokubakho. Apho izibini zibonisa isingqisho seminqweno kwaye ezo zingathandekiyo zisimahla. Uninzi lwabaphengululi lubonisa ukuba ezothando azaziwa-imvelaphi edumileyo.
Isixhobo:
Luhlobo lombongo olunempembelelo ephawulekileyo yaseArabhu, eyahlulwe ngengoma yayo yokuqala yemigca emibini okanye emithathu enesingqisho kunye nomqolo wokugqibela wesigaba. Kwelinye icala, Iindinyana zayo ziyahluka kwaye zihlala zikho iivesi ezintathu ezithandekayo kwistanza.
UCarol:
Luhlobo lolwakhiwo olufana kakhulu neZejel, umahluko kubukho bayo be-octosyllabic okanye iivesi ezinokuchaphazeleka. Ezi ziqwenga zendele nzulu kwisithethe seKrisimesi.
USilva:
Idityaniswe ngothotho olungenamda lweeptasyllable ezinamagama okanye iihendecasyllables (ingabandakanya iivesi ezithile). Ukwahlula ngumgama omfutshane phakathi kweevesi ezineengqungquthela.
Ivesi yasimahla:
Zisebenza ngesimbo sokudityaniswa esingasekelwanga kwiiparameter metric eziqhelekileyo. Ngoku, ukungabikho kwesingqisho kunye nengoma ayithethi ukuba abanaso isingqisho.
Ezinye iintlobo zeengoma ezaziwayo zemibongo
- Ingoma
- Madrigal
- Ileta
- Haiku
- Igumbi
- Epigram
- I-Elegy
- Ukungena
Umboniso ogqwesileyo, ogqibeleleyo kwaye obalaseleyo, obaluleke kakhulu, kubaqalayo, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko yam.
Ukubulisa kunye nempumelelo.
Iinqaba zikaStalin.