Ucaphula amazwi kaEmilia Pardo Bazán
Kunye noLeopoldo Alas Clarín kunye noBenito Pérez Galdós, u-Countess Emilia Pardo Bazán ngumfuziselo woncwadi lweSpanish loNyaniso lwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngokunjalo, umbhali waseGalician uthathwa njengomnye wabanduleli beNdalo kwisizwe sase-Iberia. Olu luvo lusekwe kakhulu kwiimpawu zesimbo ezicacileyo kwimisebenzi efana IPazos de Ulloa.
Umdlali oyintloko wale noveli nguJulián Álvarez, umfundisi osandul’ ukuthweswa isidanga ophethe umsebenzi wobufundisi eLos Pazos. Apho, udibana noDon Pedro Moscoso, ogama linguMarquis wase-Ulloa, oyena mmi unobubele welo rhamente apho kulawula uqhushululu. Ukubanjwa kuphakama xa umbingeleli omncinci ethandana ngasese noMarcelina, intombi kaMarquis.
Uhlalutyo IPazos de Ulloa
Indlela
UDon Pedro Moscoso ngoyena mlawuli uphakamileyo waseLos Pazos. Le yidolophu engalawulekiyo egcwele ubuvila apho abasemagunyeni bakholisa ukuba iirhafu ngokungohlwaywa ngenxa yobuvila beMarquis. Ngoko ke, ukufika komfundisi oselula ophathiswe ukulungisa ulawulo lwerhamente kujongwa ngokurhaneleka okucacileyo.
Iimpawu zendalo zikhona emsebenzini
- Ukuphuhliswa kweploti kubeka abalinganiswa njengamaxhoba kwiingozi zelishwa, engenandawo yokusabela xa kuvela iimeko ezingeyomfuneko;
- Abalinganiswa bakwinceba yendawo yabo;
- Indawo (ebolayo) inefuthe elikhulu ekuthotyweni nasekungazini kwabemi;
- Ukuzimisela kwezentlalo: ibhedi ijika ibalulekile kwindlela yeziganeko kunye nokuvela kweentlobo ngeentlobo zabalinganiswa;
- Uninzi lwamalungu ebali ngabantu abangakwaziyo ukuzeyisa kunye nengqiqo, engakwazi ukuzibamba iimvakalelo zabo ezisisiseko kunye neminqweno;
- Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi oluchaza kakhulu kunye neentetho ezithile;
- Ukusetyenziswa kwesimbo sokubalisa esingenabo ubuhle besiqhelo yemibhalo eyenzelwe izihandiba.
Obona balinganiswa
UJulián Álvarez
Ungumfundisi osandul 'ukuphumelela kwisikolo sabefundisi oye wathunyelwa ePazos ukuze de ukuthatha uxanduva lolawulo lwelifa kunye ukwenziwa kobuKristu kubemi bayo. Efika nje, uphathwa ngokungabi nambeko nobukrwada, nto leyo engqubana ngokuthe ngqo nemikhwa esulungekileyo neyobufazi yomfundisi.
Kukho nawuphi na, umlingiswa wakhe onobubele, imfundo kunye nokuzola akumthinteli ekugqibeleni ukuba abandakanyeke kwiziganeko eziphazamisayo ezenzeka kuloo ndawo. Ukongeza, umbingeleli oselula akanakuzibamba kodwa athandane (ngendlela ecocekileyo kakhulu) nguNucha (uMarceline) umiselwe ukuba ngumfazi kaMarquis waseUlloa.
UDon Pedro Moscoso
Ungumnini weLos Pazos. Nangona engenalo igama elihloniphekileyo lokwenene, wenza ukuba abemi bambize ngokuthi "uMarquis". Usisigantsontso sendoda eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, enesimilo esikrwada, esiwaphatha kakubi amabhinqa nabacinezeli ngokufihlakeleyo phakathi kwemihlaba yabo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokwembono yakhe, ukungathobeki kukuziphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo kukuziphatha okulusizi okukhoyo kuloo meko yasemaphandleni.
IPrimitivo
Uliqili, uqumbile kwaye ubala i-lackey yaseMarquis. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngulowo utsala imitya eluntwini ngokugqumayo iluncedo kakhulu kwizinto onomdla kuzo. Nangona engafundanga, unamaqhinga kwaye unamabhongo. Enyanisweni, unesicwangciso esifihliweyo sokwenza umzukulwana wakhe - ongunyana ongekho mthethweni wentombi yakhe kunye noMarquis - umnini wendawo yonke.
Isabel
Ungumpheki we-hacienda, intombi kaPrimitivo kunye nomthandi kaDon Pedro, ononyana ongekho mthethweni, uPerucho.. Imalunga nenkosikazi ephethwe kakubi yiMarquis. Nangona kunjalo, akaloxhoba ngokupheleleyo le meko, njengoko enyamezela ukuxhatshazwa kuba ezantsi ufuna ukuba unyana wakhe afumane ilifa le-villa kunye ne-asethi yaseMarquis.
perucho
Ungunyana ongaziwayo kaDon Pedro no-Isabel. Nangona eneempawu ezintle kunye nendalo emnandi, usoloko edlakadlaka kwaye engacocekanga. Ukongezelela, abadala bathabatha izabelo zakhe—uninzi lwazo olungekho mthethweni—kunokuba bamnike imfundo efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, Inkwenkwe edidekile iphanga into eninzi, itshayelwe ngokungcola eyongameleyo kwindawo yakho.
UMarcelina
Ebizwa ngokuba nguNucha, yintombi ehloniphekileyo kaMnu. Lage eganelwe ukutshata noDon Pedro. Ngokuhambelana nemvelaphi yakhe, ibonisa isimilo senenekazi elihle, elizolileyo, elithobekileyo nelinokholo kakhulu. Ngokuchanekileyo, ukholo lwakhe lumqhubela ekubeni athembele ngokusondeleyo kuJulián xa kubonakala indelelo yomyeni wakhe (nangona emnika intombi).
Malunga nombhali, uEmilia Pardo Bazán
UEmilia Pardo Bazán
kak UEmilia Pardo Bazán no de la Rúa-Figueroa wazalwa ngoSeptemba 16, 1851, eLa Coruña, eSpeyin. Wayekuphela kwentombi ka-Count José Pardo Bazán y Mosquera kunye no-Amalia de la Rúa Figueroa y Somoza (wazuza njengelifa isihloko sobuhandiba kuyise ngo-1890). umbhali wexesha elizayo Wayenemfundo ebalaseleyo ephelekwa ngumkhwa wokufunda ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe.
Iimpapasho zokuqala, umtshato kunye nokuhamba
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, wapapasha ibali lakhe lokuqala: "Umtshato we-XNUMXth Century". Ngelo xesha, i-aristocrat eselula yayibonise umdla omkhulu kwiilwimi kwaye yayisele isazi kakuhle isiJamani, isiFrentshi kunye nesiNgesi. Ukwengeza, Wagqiba imfundo yakhe eMadrid, kodwa wayenqatshelwe ukungena eyunivesithi, ekubeni ngelo xesha kwakuvunyelwe kuphela amadoda.
Ehlotyeni 1868, umbhali - usekwishumi elivisayo- watshata noJosé Quiroga y Pérez Deza, umfundi wezomthetho oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala. Emva kohlaziyo ngoSeptemba waloo nyaka, aba basandul’ ukutshata bakhenketha eFransi nase-Itali nabazali bakhe. Ngethuba lohambo, u-Emilia waba nomdla wokufunda ababhali ababalaseleyo abavela kuloo mazwe ngolwimi lwabo lokuqala.
Ubomi bosapho
UEmilia Pardo Bazan kunye noJose Quiroga baba nabantwana abathathu: uJaime (1876), uMaría de las Nieves (1879) noCarmen (1881). Ababhali-mbali babonisa ukuba lo yayingumtshato wemvisiswano. Nangona kunjalo, umanyano lwaqala ukwahlukana ngeminyaka yee-1900 ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe sobukrelekrele. Phakathi kweengcamango-ezinye eziphikisana kakhulu ngexesha lazo-ezichazwe ngumbhali kubomi bakhe bonke, zezi:
- ukuzimisela kwezentlalo;
- ubutshantliziyo bamalungelo abasetyhini kunye nobufazi;
- I-Anti-Semitism (imbono yakhe ecalanye yetyala likaDreyfus yayidume ngokukodwa).
Carrera
Yapapashwa ngo-1876, Isifundo esibalulekileyo semisebenzi kaBawo Feijoo Yayisisincoko awathi uPardo Bazán waziwa ngaso njengombhali. Kwangaloo nyaka wapapashayo Jaime, iqoqo lemibongo ehlelwe nguFrancisco Giner de los Ríos enikezelwe kunyana wakhe omkhulu. Ukusukela ngoko, umbhali wase-Iberia ugqibezele iincwadi ezibalisayo ezingamashumi amathathu anesithoba, amabali amafutshane angaphezu kwamakhulu amathandathu anamashumi amahlanu kunye nezincoko ezilishumi elinesibhozo.
Ukongeza, Iintetho ezintandathu kunye nemibhalo yeenkomfa, imibongo emihlanu, iincwadi zokuhamba ezilishumi elinesithathu, iibhayografi ezintandathu, iziqwenga zethiyetha ezilithoba zipapashwe kumbhali waseSpain., imibhalo emibini yokupheka, iileta ezintathu kunye nenguqulelo. Uninzi lwezi mpapasho zavela emva kokufa kwakhe, okwenzeka ngoMeyi 12, 1921, ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile.
Ezona ncwadi zaziwa kakhulu zikaEmilia Pardo Bazán
- Umqolo (1883);
- Umbuzo ovuthayo (1883). Uvavanyo;
- Intombazana encinci (1885);
- IPazos de Ulloa (1886-87);
- Izikhumbuzo zeBachelor (1896);
- IVampire (1901). Tale.