Antoine de Saint-Exupery: Iincwadi

Xa umntu esiva ibinzana elithi "iincwadi zika-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry", isihloko sokuqala esinokuthi sifike engqondweni. INkosana encinci. Ngumbuzo osengqiqweni ngokupheleleyo, kuba Inkosana yePete (1943) yenye yeenoveli zefilosofi nezabantwana ezaziwa kakhulu ehlabathini. Noko ke, ngaphandle kwale mpapasho ikhankanywe ngasentla, lo mqhubi wenqwelo-moya waseFransi ugqibezela imibhalo esixhenxe engakumbi.

Sisonke Indalo ebhaliweyo kaSaint-Exupéry imele umfanekiso omnye womqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye negorha ekwaziyo ukuchaza uhambo ngembono yembongi. Ngokufanayo, umsebenzi woncwadi womthonyama waseLyon waqatshelwa ngexesha lobomi bakhe ngamabhaso amaninzi enkosi kwiincwadi ezinjenge. Indiza yasebusuku (1931) okanye umhlaba wamadoda (1939).

Uhlalutyo lweencwadi zika-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Umxholo okhoyo kwindawo yonke

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe UAntoine de Saint-Exupéry, Umncedisi wenqwelo moya (1926), i-aeronautics imele umthombo ophindwe kabini wempembelelo. Kwelinye icala, sesona sihloko siphambili somsebenzi wakhe, apho ukusukela ubizo kunokubiza abalinganiswa abaphambili ubomi babo. Kwelinye icala, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngumbindi wezenzo zobugorha ezibangela ukuba umntu acinge ngehlabathi nakwisiqu sakhe.

Le migca yeengxabano ibonakala kuyo I-Courier South (imeyile yasezantsi, ngowe-1929), umlinganiswa ophambili—umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uJacques Bernis—wafela kwintlango yaseRío de Oro. indiza yasebusuku (Indiza yasebusuku, 1931) inikezelwe ekuzukiseni uzuko lwabaqhubi bokuqala embalini. Abo vulindlela abazange babe mathidala ukujamelana nokufa ukuze bawenze ngokungqongqo umsebenzi wabo.

Umqali wobomi bokwenyani

Amava obuqu ombhali weGallic enza i-thematic nucleus ye Terre des homes (umhlaba wamadodaNgo-1939). Kule meko, Inqwelomoya yinto egqibeleleyo yokujongwa kunye nokuphononongwa kwehlabathi. Kwangaxeshanye, isebenza ekuvezeni umanyano olungaphakathi kwiinzame zobuzalwana zabantu ekuphumezeni iinjongo zabo.

Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ngenxa yobuchule bakhe bokuhamba ngenqwelomoya—kunye nesibakala sokuba wasinda kwiingozi ezininzi—iSaint-Exupéry yayidume ehlabathini lonke. Emva koko, wasebenzisa iimemori zakhe ukuze adumise intsebenziswano, uxanduva lomntu ngamnye kunye nokuzinikela kwiinqobo zobuntu jikelele.

indaleko yoncwadi

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1930, imibhalo kaSaint-Exupéry ibonisa ukucaciswa kolwimi oluneengoma ezivakalayo, olubekekileyo noluchukumisayo. Ngaloo ndlela, imfumba yemfazwe (umqhubi wemfazwe, 1942) lugqatso lomntu malunga nenqwelomoya yolwazi eyenziwe ngoMeyi 1940.. Uthumo ekuthethwa ngalo lwenziwa ngomoya wokuzincama kwaye lwagqitywa ngokuchasene nawo onke amathuba.

Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eUnited States, uSaint-Exupéry wabhala Lettre à un otage (Ileta eya bathinjwa), eyapapashwa ngowe-1944 lubizo kumanyano lwabo bonke abantu baseFransi, uvakalelo oluhambelana nokuthembeka kwabo ekuchaseni amaFrentshi.. Ngaphandle koku, akazange ayifihle inzondo yakhe ngakuGeneral Charles de Gaulle, inkokeli yomkhosi kunye nezopolitiko yaseFree France.

Umqhubi wenqwelomoya uguqukele ekubeni yintsomi

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Inkosana yePete (INkosana encinci, 1944) yenza uAntoine de Saint-Exupéry umntu ongafiyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi. Yintsomi yabantwana yabantu abadala enesikhumbuzo esibalaseleyo, imfutshane kwaye ayinakonakala: ezona zinto zintle ebomini zezona zilula. Ngako oko, umntu unokufikelela kuphela ubutyebi bokwenene xa ekwazi ukunika abanye.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphelelwa lithemba okukhulayo ekujongeni i-aviator yaseLyonnais imelwe ngokucacileyo kuyo akamsalisela (ICitadelNgo-1948). Lo ngumqulu wasemva kokufa kweengxoxo zefilosofi malunga nombono ozingisayo kwinqanaba lokugqibela lombhali ongumFrentshi. Le nkolelo ingqina ukuba esona sizathu sihlala sihleli sobukho bomntu kukuba nguvimba wemigaqo yempucuko.

Isihlomelo: amabinzana amathandathu aphakathi kwe INkosana encinci

• “Bonke abantu abakhulu bebengabantwana ngaphambili. (Kodwa bambalwa abakhumbulayo)”.
• "Xa imfihlakalo ichukumisa kakhulu akunakwenzeka ukuba ungathobeli".
• “Kunzima kakhulu ukuzigweba kunabanye. Ukuba uyakwazi ukuzigweba, usisilumko sokwenene.”
• “Kubuhlungu ukulibala umhlobo wakho. Ayinguye wonke umntu onayo."
• “Nali imfihlelo yam. Ilula kakhulu: umntu akaboni kakuhle kodwa ngentliziyo. Okubalulekileyo akubonakali emehlweni".
• "Ixesha olichithileyo ngerose yakho lenza ukuba irose yakho ibaluleke kakhulu."

Sobre el autor

Ukuzalwa, usapho, ubuntwana kunye nolutsha

U-Antoine-Marie-Roger de Saint-Exupéry wazalwa ngoJuni 29, 1900 eLyon, eFransi. Ekubeni wayeyinkedama ukususela kwiminyaka emine ubudala, wayengowesithathu kubantwana abahlanu kwintsapho eyayihlonelwa kakhulu kwidolophu yakowabo. Nangona kunjalo, Umbhali wexesha elizayo wayengengomfundi ubalaseleyo, ngaphezu koko, akaphumelelanga kuviwo lokungena kwi-École Naval. (Isikolo somkhosi wamanzi).

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, u-Antoine osemncinci wakwazi ukufunda i-architecture kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kwi-École des Beaux-Arts. Ngo-1921, wamkelwa kumkhosi womoya waseFransi kwaye emva kweenyanga ezilishumi elinesithathu wafaneleka njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ngo-1926, wazibandakanya nePhulo iLatécoère eToulouse, enikwe uxanduva lokuseka indlela yokuposa. I-eriyali ngaphaya komntla-ntshona we-Afrika, uMzantsi weAtlantiki kunye noMzantsi Melika.

Umsebenzi woncwadi kunye nomtshato

ibali elifutshane Umncedisi wenqwelo moya (1926) yayiyincwadi yokuqala kaSaint-Exupéry. Emva koko, wagqiba imeyile yasezantsi (1928) ngelixa wayesebenza njengomlawuli wesikhululo somoya saseSahara saseSpain. Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1929, waqala ukwenza iinqwelomoya rhoqo ukusuka kwi-General Pacheco aerodrome (Argentina) ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-cone esemazantsi (ikakhulukazi ukuya ePatagonia).

Umqhubi wenqwelomoya nombhali ongumFrentshi wahlala iinyanga ezili-15 kumhlaba we-gaucho. Nangona indawo yakhe yokuhlala yayiseCórdoba, kwakuseBuenos Aires apho wadibana khona noConsuelo Suncín waseSalvador, awamtshata ngowe-1931. (Uyirose in INkosana encinci). Kwangaloo nyaka wapapashayo Indiza yasebusuku yaye ngoFebruwari 1932 wayishiya iArgentina, enyanzelwa yimeko yezobupolitika eyayimaxongo.

Imisebenzi yobuntatheli, iingozi kunye neMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, uSaint-Exupéry wasebenza njengomqhubi wovavanyo, i-publicist attaché ye-Air France, kunye nentatheli ye-Air France. eParis Soir. Ngaphandle kokwenzakala kwakhe okuninzi ngenxa yeengozi zomoya —waphantse wafa kwintlango yeSahara ngoDisemba 30, 1935—, waba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya womkhosi. Ngeli xesha, waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe woncwadi kunye nokukhululwa kwe umhlaba wamadoda (1939).

Emva koko, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya waseLyon wafudukela e-US xa iFransi yawela phantsi kolawulo lwamaNazi kwi-1940. Kwilizwe laseMntla Melika wapapasha umqhubi wemfazwe (1942). Wabuyela eYurophu ngo-1943 kwaye ngoko nangoko wajoyina i-Mediterranean Air Squadron. Ngelo xesha waba neengxaki ezinzulu zezoqoqosho; Ngaphezu koko, ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, uNjengele Charles de Gaulle wamtyhola ngokuxhasa iJamani.

Ukunyamalala

NgoJulayi 31, 1944, iSaint-Exupéry yanduluka kwibala leenqwelo-moya laseCorsica kuthumo loqwalaselo ngobusuku bangaphambi kohlaselo lwama-Allied eFransi. Yayiluthumo lwakhe lokugqibela olo, ungaze ubuye. Intsalela yenqanawa eyaphukileyo kunye nesacholo esinegama lakhe zafunyanwa kumashumi amathandathu eminyaka kamva kumazantsi olwandle kufuphi nesiqithi saseRiou, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-11 kumzantsi-mpuma weMarseille.