Xa abantu benxibelelana, badla ngokusebenzisa amagama njengesixhobo sokubonisa izinto ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu uhlala evuselela iingcamango zakhe, ezivezwa ngokuchazwa kwabantu, izilwanyana, izinto, iingcamango okanye iminqweno.
Ngokutsho kweRoyal Academy yaseSpain, ukuchaza “kukuchaza, ukuzoba, ukuzoba into, ukuyimela ngendlela enika umbono opheleleyo ngayo”. Ukongezelela, i-RAE ibhekisela kwinkcazo yesibini: "imele umntu okanye into ethile ngolwimi, ebhekisela okanye echaza iindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu okanye iimeko."
yintoni isicatshulwa esichazayo?
Ukumela le ngcamango akunakwenzeka ukuba ungangeni kwi-paradox yokuqinisekisa, kuba, ngokuchanekileyo, umntu kufuneka asebenzise ubuchule bokuchaza. Kwimeko esebenzayo, Isicatshulwa esichazayo seso sisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isihloko, umxholo okanye into ethile.
Ngoko ke, akukhona nje ukukhomba (ukukhankanya) into, into ephilayo okanye isenzeko esenziwe ngengqondo. Kunoko, kufuneka ubhekisele kwiimpawu zento ethile ngendlela (enyanzelekileyo) efanelekileyo ukuzinikezela ngomlomo okanye ngokubhaliweyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isicatshulwa esichazayo (sohlobo lwenjongo) luyimfuneko ekubhaleni kwenzululwazi.
Iiklasi zesicatshulwa esichazayo
Kuzo zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqikelela ukuba injongo yombhali, umbalisi okanye umsasazi unexabiso lokugweba okanye cha. Le njongo ixhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nohlobo longenelelo apho isifundo sithatha isigqibo sokubeka intetho. Ngoko phantsi kwesizathu, Isicatshulwa sinokujongwa njengenjongo ethile okanye sijongane ngqo.
Isicatshulwa esichazayo senjongo
Kule meko, ifom yenkcazo ixhomekeke kwixabiso elibonakaliswe kwimbono (ekucingelwayo) engakhethi cala. Ngokuka, umntu obhala inkcazo ubalisa kumntu wesithathu kwaye asuse nayiphi na imithwalo yezigwebo zomntu. Ngoko ke, iingxelo zesicatshulwa zilinganiselwe ekuchazeni iimpawu zesifundo okanye into, njengoko injalo.
Ngokulandelayo, isicatshulwa esichaza injongo ihambelana nayo nayiphi na inkcazo yobugcisa. Umzekelo: ngokutsho kweWikipedia ilifu “yihydrometeor ebandakanya ubunzima obubonakalayo obuveliswe ziikristale zekhephu okanye amathontsi amanzi axhonywe kwi-atmosfera. Amafu asasaza konke ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwaye ngenxa yoko abonakala emhlophe ”…
isicatshulwa esichazayo
Kwenzeka xa umntu echaza isethi yeempawu ezichazayo zento kwaye ungenelelo luvunyelwe ukunika uluvo okanye ngokuchasene nezinto ezithile. Oko kukuthi, Kolu hlobo lwesicatshulwa, ubukho bovavanyo buqhelekile ngokugqibeleleyo., iingcebiso, ukuchaswa kweempawu ezibonisiweyo. Ngako oko, isicatshulwa esichazayo esichazayo siyahluka kwinkcazo yoncwadi.
Ngokomzekelo (xa kuthelekiswa nenkcazo yobugcisa yeWikipedia), ingcamango "yamafu" ngokutsho kwe-Azorín: "amafu asinika imvakalelo yokungazinzi kunye nonaphakade. Amafu anjengolwandle - ahlala ahluka kwaye ahlala efana. Xa sijonga kubo, siyayiva indlela ubume bethu nazo zonke izinto ezibaleka ngayo, ngelixa bona—iimbacu—zihlala ngonaphakade.”
Iimpawu zesicatshulwa esichazayo
Ukuba inkcazo ye "inkcazo" enikezelwa yi-RAE ithathelwa ingqalelo, kuyaqondakala ukuba kutheni isicatshulwa esichazayo singundoqo ekuhlaliseni abantu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka icace kwaye, akukho meko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokukhokelela ekuchazeni okungaqondakaliyo okanye okudidayo.
Ukuchaneka
Ukwenza isicatshulwa esichazayo kubalulekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo into ephawulwayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokongeza izinto zobudlelwane bangaphandle okanye obungathanga ngqo. Ukongezelela, oku kuchanekileyo kubeka imida yeempawu ezinobukho obufanelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, oko kungqongqo kubonisa ukuba zeziphi iipropati ekungeyomfuneko ukuba zibonise.
Ngoko ke, Iifayile zobugcisa okanye zenzululwazi kuhlobo okanye iindidi ezabelwe into ephilayo imele umzekelo omhle wokuchaneka kwisicatshulwa esichazayo.. Umzekelo: "Uhlobo lwenja yaseDalmatian lunoboya obufutshane obumhlophe obunamachokoza amnyama, umsila omde kunye nomzimba obhityileyo" (Bligoo.com, 2020). Kule meko, imibuzo malunga nemvelaphi yaseCroatia yezinja zaseDalmatian iyachithwa.
Ubunyani
Xa into ethile ikhutshwa ukuze ichazwe, kusetyenziswa ulwimi. Ngokuka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa ulwimi kunye nesigama esihambelana ngokwaneleyo nento echazwe. Kwakhona, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza into ebonakalisiweyo nokuba inzima kangakanani okanye ilula kangakanani.
Kule nqaku, injongo yomthumeli womyalezo ifanelekile kunye nohlobo lwenkcazo (yobugcisa okanye yoncwadi). Umzekelo: ukuba ufuna ukuchaza ukutshona kwelanga, eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukusebenzisa amagama abhekisa kwimibala, ixesha kunye nendawo. Ngokukwanjalo, ukuba ubhalo luthwele intlawulo ephantsi, kunokwenzeka ukuba uthethe ngeenkumbulo okanye iimvakalelo ezidluliswa sisiganeko.
Unamathelwano
Inkcazo eyiyo ichaza iimpawu zomntu, isilwanyana okanye into ephunyezwe ngokulandelelana kwamagama okanye izivakalisi ezinceda ukuqonda kwayo. Ngesi sizathu, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zesiqalelo esineenkcukacha zifuna ulandelelwano okanye intsingiselo ethile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukungalungelelanisi kwezimvo kujongela phantsi ukungqinelana kokumelwa.
Umzekelo: isilwanyana esanyisayo esingwevu esinomboko omkhulu, iindlebe kunye namabamba ngokungathandabuzekiyo yindlovu kwaye ngoko ke inkulu. Ayincinci kwaphela. Kwelinye icala, Iinoveli zenzululwazi kunye namabali angeyonyani ahlala ebandakanya amacandelo anezakhelo ezingahambelaniyo ngenjongo yokuntywilisela (okanye ukubhidanisa) abafundi kwindalo engalindelekanga.
Ezinye izicatshulwa zokwahlula kwisicatshulwa esichazayo
Isicatshulwa esibalisayo
Ubhalo olubalisayo lukwasetyenziswa ukuchaza umboniso, umzuzu, umntu okanye into, kodwa oko ukwenza “ngokuxelela into”. Intshukumo ikhona apha njengeyona nto iphambili kuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxela ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwaye njani. Emva koko, isicatshulwa esibalisayo ubalisa inyani okanye indlela eyenzeka ngayo okanye eyenzeka ngayo into, ngelixa elichazayo lichaza kuphela iimpawu.
Isicatshulwa esiphikisanayo
Olu hlobo lwesicatshulwa lujolise ekuchazeni ukusebenza kwento okanye ukulandelelana kwesiganeko ngokubonisa okuyinyani kweempawu okanye iziganeko. Le ngxoxo izama ukukholisa umfundi ngobunyani benqaku elichaziweyo.. Ngokwahlukileyo, isicatshulwa esichazayo silinganiselwe ekuboniseni iimpawu zento ngaphandle kokuzama ukucenga umamkeli.