UFélix de Azúa ngumbhali waseSpain othathelwa ingqalelo njengoyena mntu wabalasela kuncwadi lwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ugqame njengembongi, umbhali wenoveli, kunye nesincoko; Iimpawu apho ebonakalise khona isitayile esimnyama nesingathandekiyo. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe ukwazile ukuphumelela amabhaso aliqela abalulekileyo, anje ngembasa kaHerralde de Novela kunye nebhaso leCaballero Bonald International Essay.
Kwakhona ugcine umsebenzi wakhe wobungcali kufutshane nokufundisa kunye nobuntatheli. Kwi-2011, wapapasha inqaku lakhe "Against Jeremías" kwiphephandaba El País, apho wafumana khona uCésar González-Ruano ukwamkelwa kobuntatheli. Ngo-2015 wangena kwiqela elikhethiweyo le- amalungu eRoyal Spanish Academy, apho uH.
Ngokufutshane ngobomi bomlobi
Umbhali uFélix de Azúa wazalwa ngeCawa ngo-Epreli 30, 1944 kwisixeko saseSpain i-Barcelona. Emva kokugqiba isikolo esiphakamileyo, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseBarcelona, apho waphumelela khona isidanga kwiFilosofi kunye neeleta. Kwiminyaka kamva, kwindlu enye yezifundo, wafumana isidanga esiphakamileyo saseyunivesithi: Ugqirha weFilosofi.
Ubomi basemsebenzini
Ekuqaleni kwee-80s, wayesebenza njengoprofesa kuSihlalo weFilosofi kunye neSayensi kwiYunivesithi yelizwe laseBasque. Kwiminyaka kamva, wanika iiklasi kwi-Aesthetics kunye neTheory yoBugcisa kwiYunivesithi yasePolytechnic yaseCatalonia. Emva kwexesha, wayalela iZiko leCervantes eParis (1993-1995). Ngoku usebenzisana nemithombo yeendaba ebhaliweyo yaseSpain, enje Iphephandaba laseCatalonia y Ilizwe.
Umsebenzi wokubhala kaFélix de Azúa
Imibongo
Waqala kwihlabathi loncwadi njengembongi ngokupapasha: Izitokhwe zeOtter (1968) owokuqala kwabasithoba Iincwadi zemibongo. Ukusukela ngoko uthathelwa ingqalelo njengenxalenye yesizukulwana "esitsha"; hayi ngelize, ngo-1970 yayiqukwa kwi-anthology Iimbongi ezintsha ezisithoba zaseSpain. Umbhali waseCatalan ubonakalisiwe ngengoma yakhe evaliweyo kunye nengqele, enemixholo malunga nokungabi nto kunye nokungabi nto.
Umsebenzi wombongo wombhali
- Izitokhwe zeOtter (1968)
- Isigqubuthelo ebusweni bukaAgamemnon (1966-1969) (1970)
- UEdgar eStéphane (1971)
- Ulwimi lweLime (1972)
- Ukupasa neengoma ezisixhenxe (1977)
- Imibongo Anthology (1968-1978) (1979)
- itheko (1983)
- Imibongo Anthology (1968-1989) (1989)
- I-Anthology yokugqibela yegazi (isihobe 1968-2007) (2007)
Novelas
Ngo-1972, umbhali wenza ingxelo yakhe yokuqala: Izifundo zeJena; Ukusuka apho wapapasha i-9 yemisebenzi epheleleyo yolu hlobo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe njengomvelisi wenoveli ubonakala ngokucacileyo Idayari yendoda ehlazekileyo (1987) athe wafumana ngayo ibhaso likaHerralde de Novela kwakuloo nyaka. Ngepeni yakhe, iSpanish ibambe isitayile apho kuhlala khona ubuhlanga kunye nesigqebelo.
Umsebenzi obalisayo
- Izifundo zeJena (1972)
- Izifundo ezinqunyanyisiweyo (1978)
- Isifundo sokugqibela (1981)
- eMansura (1984)
- Ibali le-idiot njengoko lixelelwe nguye okanye umxholo wolonwabo (1986)
- Idayari yendoda ehlazekileyo (1987)
- Utshintsho lweflegi (1991)
- Mininzi imibuzo (1994)
- Ixesha lokuthatha isigqibo (2000)
izincoko
Umbhali uthathwa njengomnye we izincoko ebalaseleyo eSpain; Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe uvelise ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezingama-25 kolu hlobo lwe-didactic. Inxalenye yokwamkelwa kwakhe yeza kwi-2014 ngeCaballero Bonald International Essay Award, enkosi ngomsebenzi wakhe: Iphepha lobomi (2013). Isixa sakhe sokugqibela kule fomathi yile: Isenzo sesithathu (2020).
Ezinye zeencwadi zikaFélix de Azúa
Ibali le-idiot njengoko lixelelwe nguye okanye umxholo wolonwabo (1986)
Incwadana eyenzekayo eSpain phakathi kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kungekudala emva kokuba iMfazwe yombutho iphelile. Umlinganiswa ophambili wenza ukubuyela ebomini bakhe bonke, ukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebudaleni. Eyona njongo yayo kukuvavanya ulonwabo kwinqanaba ngalinye kula manqanaba, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni eminye imigaqo, enjengale: inkolo, uthando kunye nobudlelwane bezesondo; ezopolitiko, phakathi kwabanye.
Xa ephonononga ezinye zeefoto zakhe xa wayesemncinci, uya kudibana nenye apho aboniswa encuma, umntu anokuchaza ukuba luvuyo. Kodwa, kulapho ke le nto iqala ukuthandabuza ngale nkcazo, yahlukile ngaphambi kokukhangela ulonwabo lomntu. Njengokuba yayiluvavanyo lwaselebhu, uya kuzilawula iimeko ezahlukeneyo nganye nganye ukuze aqinisekise ithiyori yakhe.
Idayari yendoda ehlazekileyo (1987)
Ngumdlalo omnyama osetiweyo e-Barcelona, ethi ichaza ibali lendoda engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ebalisa ngobomi bakhe kumntu wokuqala. Kuye, isibhengezo kuphela kwento enika intsingiselo kubukho bomntu, intelekelelo ayibamba kwiinkumbulo ezininzi kulo lonke ibali. Ezi zahlulwe zangamacandelo amathathu: "Indoda eyiBanal", "Ubungozi beBanality" kunye "Ukubulala inyoka".
Kumacandelo amabini okuqala Imvelaphi yosapho lwe-protagonist kunye namava akhe kwezinye iindawo zase-Barcelona zichaziwe. Ngelixa elapho, uya kudibana nehlokondiba aza kugqiba asebenze nalo emva kokufumana ukuzithemba kwakhe. Kwisiqwenga sokugqibela, umntwana oneminyaka emine uza kungeniswa kwindawo yokuzibhubhisa, apho umphathi wakhe aza kuzama ukumhlangula khona.
Utshintsho lweflegi (1991)
Yincwadi ibekwe kwilizwe laseBasque kwii-30s, ebaliswa ngohlobo lomyolelo. Njengomlinganiswa ophambili, unika oohlohlesakhe, abathi, bezikholelwa njengomntu othanda ilizwe lakhe, atshabalale ekufuneni inqwelo moya yokuhlasela utshaba lodwa. Umlingisi ophambili kuya kufuneka enze ingxoxo phakathi kokuthembeka kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa okanye ukuba ligorha "lomngcatshi" Ukoyisa utshaba.
Njengoko ujongene nokudideka kwakho, kuya kufuneka ujongane nokungcatshwa okungapheliyo. Umthandi weNavarrese, i-gudari eyoyikisayo, umfundisi we-psychopathic kunye negqwetha le-Falangist liya kuba yinxalenye yeli bali. Ekuqaleni, iyelenqe liyaqhubeka ngesingqi esicothayo nesididayo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ibalekisa ukubonisa iphazili apho onke amaqhekeza alingana ngokugqibeleleyo.
Umbhali uyavuma kudliwanondlebe nephephandaba Ilizwe, owenza inoveli ngokujoyina amabali amabini okwenyani. Inye, ngoyise wentombazana yakhe yokuqala esesikweni, iRiphabhlikhi kunye nobuzwe obathandayo otyale imali yakhe ekuhlaseleni uFranco. Kwaye enye idrama yonozakuzaku wase-Italiya wadibana nayo kwiminyaka eli-15 kamva, owayekwingxoxo zokunikezela ngeLizwe lase-Basque e-Itali.
Igazi lokugqibela (Imibongo 1968-2007) (2007)
Le ngqokelela yemibongo eyavezwa ngo-2007 ibandakanya phantse iminyaka engamashumi amane yemibongo yombhali, ekwabandakanya nezinye iingoma ezingapapashwanga. Kule ncwadi ungayibona indaleko kunye nesimbo esisodwa sombhali, leyo yamangalisa bonke abafundi kwiminyaka yoo-70. Ingqokelela yemibongo iqulathe imibongo engumfuziselo, eyayingazange iphinde ikhutshwe kude kube ngoko.
Iphepha lobomi (2013)
Isincoko apho umbhali anika ukhenketho ngamava akhe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Phakathi kwemigca uchaza ukuqala kwakhe njengembongi, amanyathelo akhe ngeenoveli kunye nobunzima besincoko. Ucacisa nokungena kwakhe kubuntatheli, uhlobo alubona njengolona luphumeleleyo ngokubhekisele kwinyani esiphila kuyo.
Ngale posi, Umbhali ufuna ukunika uluvo lwakhe malunga nokuba zonke iintlobo zoncwadi ziye zavela kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingakumbi kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. UAzúa uveza uninzi lwabalinganiswa bokwenene abangenelele kwezi zigaba zomsebenzi wakhe, ngaphandle kokubandakanya ubomi bakhe.
