uludlolo.
uludlolo Isebenza kunye Umtshato wegazi (1933) kunye Indlu kaBernarda Alba (Ngo-1936) owabhiyozelwa njengo "Lorca trilogy". Ikhutshwe ngonyaka we-1934, kubhekiswa kuyo njengobugcisa bemidlalo yeqonga nguFederico García Lorca, -ngokuqinisekileyo- oyena mbhali ubalulekileyo waseSpain wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Yenziwe ngezenzo ezintathu zeefreyimu ezimbini inye, ithathwa njengesiqwenga esifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqulunqwa kwayo kunexesha eliqhelekileyo lemizuzu engama-90. Umxholo: intlekele yasemaphandleni (inemfashini kakhulu kwiLatin America nge-1930s). Isetyenziswe ngokukodwa ngumdlali odlalayo waseGranada ukuze azazise eSpain nakwinxalenye enkulu yeLatin America.
UFederico García Lorca, umbhali
Wazalwa ngo-1898 eFuente Vaqueros, eGranada. Unyana wosapho olutyebileyo, olwamvumela ukuba akhulele phakathi ebaleni ngaphandle kwesibophelelo sokulima ukuze aphile. Umama wakhe wakhuthaza kuye ukuba abe nothando loncwadi-kunye nobugcisa ngokubanzi-ukususela ebutsheni. Ke ngoko, kusengqiqweni ukuba sele ekwishumi elivisayo wayiphatha ngemeko entle eyenziweyo. Umtshato wegazi ngumzekelo ocacileyo wayo.
Isizukulwana '27
Ukuxakaniseka kukudikwa yinkcubeko yephondo, Uyakwazi ukuya eMadrid ngenjongo yokuqhubeka noqeqesho kwiziko lokuhlala labafundi. Indawo ekuthethwa ngayo yayilelona ziko libalaseleyo, lihlala lityelelwa ngabantu abadumileyo kunye nososayensi abanjengoAlbert Einstein noMarie Curie
UFederico García Lorca.
Apho waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni noSalvador Dalí noLuis Buñuel, phakathi kwamanye amaninzi awaziwayo kwilizwe nakwamanye amazwe.. Ngale ndlela, indawo efanelekileyo ye-bohemian kunye nengqondo yaveliswa kuphuhliso olupheleleyo lomntu onobuchule njengoGarcía Lorca. Ujikelezwe ngamagcisa akhethekileyo; iseti eya ezantsi kwimbali phantsi kwegama lesizukulwana se-27.
Ubomi obukhutshiwe yifascism
Kodwa ishumi leminyaka lesine kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, nangona yayisebenza ukuvela kwemisebenzi emihle kaLorca, ikwabonisa elona xesha limnyama eSpain. Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain yazisa ukonyuka kwamandla kuFrancisco Franco. Nangona kunjalo ULorca engazange yamanyaniswa naziphi na izizathu zopolitiko okanye ucalucalulo kubahlobo ngenxa yezizathu eziqinisekileyo, yabonwa njengesoyikiso.
Ejongane nale meko, oonozakuzaku baseColombia naseMexico bamnika indawo yokubalekela, nangona kunjalo, akazange ayamkele. NgoJulayi 1936 wabanjwa kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba wadutyulwa ngentseni nge-18 ka-Agasti (umhla awaziwa ngokuchanekileyo). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, watyholwa ngobufanasini.
uludlolo, imibongo kwinkonzo yentlekele
Ukuba iidrama zikaGarcía Lorca zibalasele ngento ethile, kungenxa yokukhulelwa kwabo kwimibongo. Iingxoxo, kunye nomculo - iingoma ezininzi ze-gypsy zisebenza njengenjini yalo msebenzi-setha isantya. Y, ngokufana nezinye trilogy, ukuqala kwe uludlolo sisiqwenga (kunye nomlinganiswa) ogcwele ithemba. Kodwa ukuqokelelwa konxunguphalo kuphele kuguqula ubukho bakhe bube liphupha lokwenyani.
Oku kwehla ngokuthe nkqo kumoya we-protagonist yayo kuphawula ukukhula komsebenzi. Ukwengeza, Ngelixa isicatshulwa siqhutywa yingxaki yecebo, isenzo sivavanya ukungqubana okuqhelekileyo kuluntu lwaseSpain. Ngaphandle kokuba ibe yimanifesto yempendulo, igcina ubunzima obaneleyo (ababukeli) babadlula bengazi.
Impikiswano
Ewe, umlinganiswa ophambili ngumfazi athe utata wakhe watshata noJuan, indoda engayifuniyo. Nangona kunjalo, akachasanga. Ngokuyinxenye kuba ulungile kwaye uchanekile, unamathele kwimvakalelo yokunyaniseka. Ukongeza, ubona kulo mtshato indlela yokufezekisa eyona njongo yakhe: ukuba ngumama.
Kodwa ludlolo (ke, okokuqala ngoonobumba abancinci) ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchonga into engenabumba okanye eyomileyo. Ixesha lihamba ... Yerma, umlinganiswa ophambili akanakumitha. Umnqweno wakho uphela ujika ube kukuphanga kwaye emva koko uphele ekhupha intlekele yokugqibela. Ukugwetywa kobonayo nobulolo.
Ukusuka kwimachismo, kwindibano zentlalo kunye (nokusilela) kokuyila
I-Rural Spain apho ibekwe khona isiqwenga sikhulu kakhulu. UJuan, umyeni kaYerma, umele loo nto kanye. Indoda ecinezela ingazi kwaye ihlukumeze "umfazi" wayo ngokungazi. Kungenxa yokuba yindlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo. Kwangelo xesha i-machismo ekhuthazwayo kwaye igwetyelwe ngabafazi ngokwabo.
Ibinzana nguFederico García Lorca.
Ngaphaya koko, ngaphakathi kwengqungquthela yoluntu eyamkelekileyo, olona xanduva lomntu wonke owasetyhini kukukhonza nokuzala, kungenjalo uyacekiswa. Kodwa UJuan ubuntofontofo bobomi obuzolileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwesidingo sabantwana bamshiye engenabo ubuchule. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokuthanda ubomi. Ukungakhathali kukhokelela kwingcinezelo ngakumlinganiswa ophambili, otywina ikamva lakhe.
Hlonipha kuqala, emva koko abanye
Kukho umlinganiswa wesithathu embindini wongquzulwano; Igama lakhe ngu victor. Ebengumhlobo kaJerma ukusukela ebuntwaneni babo. Ngokukwanjalo, ngomnye wabasebenzi bakaJuan. UVictor noJerma bebethandana ngonaphakade. Ubukho nje balo mlinganiswa ocaphukisayo kwiimvakalelo zakhe awunamava kunye nomyeni wakhe. Akunjalo nakwixesha lokusondelana.
Wonke umntu edolophini ubona umtsalane phakathi kukaVictor noJerma. Eyona nto imbi kakhulu: nokuba bathi bazukise kwaye balahle uthando lwabo, abafazi baqala ukuhleba ngokungcatsha okugqibeleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, izityholo ezichaziweyo azinamsebenzi ... imbewu yokuthandabuza yatyalwa.
Olunye uvavanyo lokunyaniseka
Kwisenzo sesithathu, ngasekupheleni komdlalo, u-Yerma unethuba lokubaleka nenye indoda -ukuqina, ukusebenza nzima, impilo esempilweni- ngubani onokumnika yonke into ayifunayo. Ngaphandle kwekhaya nokhuseleko, unyana ekudala elangazelelwa. Isithembiso siza kuhambo, ukusuka emlonyeni "womfazi omdala" (isihloko esisetyenziswe nguGarcía Lorca ukuchonga umama womgqatswa omtsha).
Kodwa i-Yerma ayigobi, ihlala iqinile kwimigaqo yayo kwaye iyahambelana nokuziphatha kwayo. Ufuna ukuba nomntwana, kuphela nomyeni wakhe. Indoda eyamtshatayo kwaye ahlalisana nayo ebhedini yakhe ... ukuba icala lakhe alikwazi ukuphefumla, kubonakala ngathi alifanelekanga kuye.
Ukuphela kweYerma
Indawo yokugqibela yesi siqwenga lelinye lawona maxesha abalulekileyo kwidrama yaseSpain. Umlinganiswa ophambili ubulala umyeni wakhe ngokumkrwitsha ngelixa wayezama ukuba naye. Imvukelo yabacinezelweyo nxamnye nabacinezeli, isiphumo sayo esingafunekiyo.
Ukulandelelana kukaYerma ekhala kwinqanaba lokuba naye ubulele unyana wakhe (kuba wayenomyeni wakhe kuphela) ayinakulibaleka kubo bonke abaye kwimidlalo. Intlungu ngendlela yayo esulungekileyo. Ngamandla anokusetyenziswa kuphela yimibongo kulwimi lwaseSpain. I-sublime kwaye ibuhlungu kwiindawo ezilinganayo.