Ibinzana ngu-Félix Lope de Vega.
Eli nenekazi lisileyo Elinye lamaqhekeza aphezulu emidlalo yeqonga aphuhliswe ngexesha leSpanish Golden Age. Lo msebenzi wenziwe nguLope de Vega wagqitywa ukubhala ngo-Epreli 28, 1613 (ngokombhalo wokuqala). Kungekudala emva koko, yaqala ukuboniswa eqongeni nge-14 ka-Okthobha kwakuloo nyaka, phantsi kolawulo lwenkampani kaPedro de Valdés.
Njengamaqhekeza amaninzi afezekisa ukungafi, isicatshulwa ngaphambi kwexesha laso. Kwisiqwenga sayo, imibuzo engenakucingwa ibuzwa ngaphakathi kuluntu lwaseSpain lwasemva koKuvuselelwa. Phakathi kwezi, eyona ibalulekileyo yeyiphi indima yabasetyhini ekuhlaleni.
Umbhali, uLope de Vega
Wazalelwa eMadrid ngoNovemba 25, 1562. Ungomnye wababhali ababalaseleyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi. Waziwa njengeenoveli ezintathu "ezinde" kunye nezine ezimfutshane, ii-epics ezisithoba, imibongo emithathu yeedactic, iisonethi ezingama-3000 kunye namakhulu eedrama zemidlalo yeqonga. Ngokwembongi yaseSpain noJuan Pérez Montalbán, lilonke inani lamaqhekeza abhalwe ngu ILope de Vega malunga ne-1800.
Kunye noTirso de Molina kunye noCalderón de la Barca, umele i-zenith yeqonga leBaroque eSpain. Ubuntu bakhe abuzange buqapheleke, Wakha ubuhlobo obukhulu kunye namanani esiqu sikaFrancisco de Quevedo noJuan Luis Alarcón. Wayekwangumbangi kaMiguel de Cervantes, (umbhali kaDon Quixote wambiza "sisilo sendalo") kwaye wayenobutshaba obudumileyo noLuis de Góngora.
El i-phoenix de Los Wits
Impembelelo yombongi waseMadrid kunye nombhali wemidlalo kuluntu lwaseSpain yayikukuba ade afumane "iwonga" lokuba ngumntu ophambili kwimfundiso yokunyelisa. "Ndiyakholelwa kuLope de Vega usomandla, imbongi yezulu nomhlaba" ... Kakade, i-inquisition - “ngobuqaqawuli” obugcweleyo ngelo xesha - yayingenakuma nje. Ngokuhambelana, i-ode yayingavunyelwanga ngo-1647.
Iingcali zomsebenzi wakhe zingqina ukuba umbhali uthathe inxaxheba kwizigaba zakhe zemidlalo yeqonga. Wenza njalo phantsi kwegama elinguBerlardo, umlingiswa ophindaphindiweyo kwiziqwenga zakhe nakwintsomi yabanye ababhali. Ngale ndlela, isiqwenga sima ngaphandle I-phoenix yeewits yabhalwa ngo-1853 nguTomás Rodríguez Rubí. Uye wabonakala nakwimiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye nefilimu ebhiyozelwe nguA. Waddington, lope (2010).
Ubomi obugcwele ii tang
Ubomi bakhe babuzele yimicimbi emininzi yothando. Uninzi lwazo lwamzuzela udumo ngokungabikho emsebenzini ngenxa yokulimaza izifundo zakhe okanye uxanduva kwinkundla. Quka, Wayegxothwa eBukumkanini baseCastile ngokubhala uthotho lwee-libels ngokuchasene nesithandwa sakhe, owayemshiyile ukuze enze umtshato ngokusekwe kwimidla yezoqoqosho.
UFeliks Lope de Vega.
Umbhalo obhaliweyo we Eli nenekazi lisileyo naye wazibona sele ephakathi kwezi zinto zibanjiweyo. Nangona ingengabo bonke ababhali-mbali abavumelana nale ntelekelelo, ibango lokuba isicatshulwa santlandlolo yayisisipho esivela kumbhali weqonga kumthandi wakhe, umdlali weqonga uJerónima de Burgos, inkosikazi yomlawuli weqonga uPedro de Valdés.
Eli nenekazi lisileyo... okanye amandla emfundo othando
U-Lope de Vega uphuhlise impikiswano ejikeleze abo babini baphambili, oodade uNise noFinea. Bathatha isigqibo sokujongana ne-machismo ekhoyo kuluntu lwase-Iberia, nganye nganye ilandela iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ekugqibeleni, bobabini bawela ekuzinikezeleni kumandla othando. Kwelinye icala, uPhinea ubhenela kubukrelekrele bakhe kwaye uthembele kakhulu kubungqondi "obuphakamileyo."
Ukujongana nokungathandi kwakhe ukungathandeki kokuba ngumfazi, UFinea uzinikele ekubhaleni phantse ngendlela enyanzelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, Mhle ngokulinganayo Ukubhenela kubukrelekrele, kodwa uzenze ubudenge kwaye ungazi (kuyabonakala ukuba iyasuswa kuyilo lomntu wesithathu) Nangona kunjalo, ezantsi ekuziphatheni kwakhe kuyinxalenye yesicwangciso sobuchule sokuhamba nayo.
Eli nenekazi lisileyo.
Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Eli nenekazi lisileyo
Amandla e-cathartic omona?
Okwangoku ukunyaniseka kukaLope de Vega ngokubhekisele kwezinye iingqondi zexesha lakhe kuyaboniswa. Ewe, yazisa umona njenge-neuralgic element ngaphakathi kwesiqwenga. Ngokuchasene kakhulu nesiqwenga sesi siqwenga sibhalwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe. Kungenxa yokuba ukuthanda ukubanjiswa kuphela kukuphepha uthando kunye nothando.
Ngomona, umbhali ozalelwe eMadrid uphonononga iimvakalelo ezimnyama zabalinganiswa bakhe. Ke, yaphula kunye neenkolelo zabafazi abasileyo kunye ne-anodyne, okanye abo banenzondo bagwetyelwe ukungatshati okulihlazo. Kwelinye icala, uNise noFinea babonisa ubungakanani obahlukeneyo, bangabantu, hayi nje imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ekhangela uncumo lwabaphulaphuli.
I-Naivety iyavuzwa
Inxalenye yeengxabano phakathi koodade abalinganiswa abaphambili be Eli nenekazi lisileyo bagxila kwizipho eziboniswe yenye nenye. Ngelixa uNise azuze ilifa kuyise, isidwangube uOctavio- uthobekile, uFinea uyathandeka. Umahluko kukuba eyokuqala ikrelekrele kakhulu, uphawu (lwethiyori) olukhazimlayo nakowuphi na umtshutshisi.
Ngokungafaniyo nowesibini, ongenalwazi, odinga uncedo olongezelelweyo kwimfuno yakhe yokufumana indoda ethembekileyo. Okanye ubuncinci le yayiyinto yokucinga ngomnye woomalume bakhe ukuba amnike olu hlobo "lwembuyekezo ekhethekileyo". Ke ngoko, imali efunyenwe ngombulelo "kwi-naivety yakho" inomdla kakhulu.
Ukutshintsha indima
Impixano kunye nokuzibophelela kubonakala xa abo babathandayo bethandana noodade babo abangamantombazana. Kwimeko yokuqala, uFiseus, indoda esisityebi enobuhlobo noFinea kwavunyelwana ngoyise, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyazi inenekazi elichaphazelekayo.
Emva koko kuvela uLaurencio -enye indoda (ulihlwempu), owathandana noNisa enkosi kwimibongo yakhe- ogqiba kwelokuba oyise usibali wakhe, obanjwe yimali. Kulapho ke xa ubuthongo "bokulala" besidenge buza ngaphambili, bothusa abantu bendawo kunye nabantu ongabaziyo, mncinci kodadewabo. Ukuqhubekeka nokwenza nzima imicimbi, ii-knights ziyavuma kutshintshiselwano oluya kubavumela ukuba babone iminqweno yabo izalisekisiwe.
Umsebenzi osasebenza nangoku
Ngaphandle kwexabiso elingathandabuzekiyo lembali, uLope de Vega ngokubanzi kwaye Eli nenekazi lisileyo ngokukodwa, zihlala zisebenza kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kamva. Umdlalo ubhiyozela indawo yakhe ebalulekileyo-phakathi kokuhleka-kwi-machismo. Emele isibindi sokwenyani ngaphakathi kuluntu olulondolozayo olunamandla okunyanzelisa ukubeka uThixo embindini wayo yonke into.