Ifoto yeqweqwe, ngoncedo lukaDomingo Buesa.
NgeCawa eBuesa unembali ende kwi ukufundisa nokusasazwa kweMbali ngobizo kunye nomsebenzi. Ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezingama-60 ezipapashiweyo, lo mbhali-mbali ukwabhala iinoveli kunye Ngenjikalanga eyatsha iZaragoza sisihloko sakhe sokugqibela. Enkosi kakhulu ngokundinika ixesha lakho loku udliwano ndlebe, owokuqala walo nyaka omtsha, apho asixelela kancinci ngayo yonke into.
Domingo Buesa-Udliwano-ndlebe
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Ungumbhali-mbali oneencwadi ezingaphezu kwama-60 ezipapashiweyo. Bekunjani ukutsibela kwinoveli?
DOMINGO BUESA: Kwiminyaka emibini, umhleli uJavier Lafuente wandicela ukuba ndibhale inoveli ukuba ayifake kwingqokelela. Imbali yeAragon kwiNoveli, ihlelwe nguDoce Robles. Ekugqibeleni, ndathembisa ukuba ndiza kuzama kodwa oko Ndandingaqinisekanga ukuba ndingawufeza lo myaleloKuba wayengazange enze inoveli kwaye, ngaphezu koko, wayenentlonipho enkulu ngale ndlela inika umdla yokusondeza imbali eluntwini.
Ndikhumbula ngela hlotyeni ndaqala ukubhala inoveli ngomxholo endandiwufunde kakhulu ndade ndawupapasha amaxwebhu alo. Kwaye apha kwavela ukothuka okukhulu: akwenzeki nje ukuba ndikwenze oko, kodwa kwandinika ulwaneliseko olukhulu. Ndandivuya ndilibhala elo bali malunga nebali lokwenyani, iiyure zadlula ngaphandle kokuziva kwaye isiganeko se-1634 safumana ubomi kunye namandla kuloo ndawo yethala lam. Oonobumba bavela kwikhompyuter yam kwaye, emva kwexesha, baphela bendisa apho bebecinga khona. Into eyaqalwa njengengxaki yaba ngumnqweno. Wazalwa Baya kuthatha uJaca ekuzeni kokusa.
- KWI: Ngenjikalanga eyatsha iZaragoza Yinoveli yesibini onayo. Usixelela ntoni ngayo kwaye uluvo luvela phi?
DB: Impumelelo yenoveli yokuqala ibangele ukuba, kunye nomhleli wam, sithathele ingqalelo ukufezekiswa kwesavenge sesibini. Kwaye kwakhona isihloko sacetyiswa ndim, kuba ndiqonda ukuba kufuneka uhlaziye loo mxholo kunye neendawo zembali ozazi kakuhle. Kule meko ndandinomdla malunga nomfanekiso we URamón Pignatelli, umzobo omkhulu uZaragoza, yaye kuloo meko kwabakho iMvukelo Yesonka, eyathotywa ngenkohlakalo ngowe-1766 ngamakhaka. Isitshixo ekuqondeni ukuba le noveli yaqwalaselwa njani na kufunyanwa kwiminyaka emibini yomsebenzi endithathayo ukwenza umboniso omkhulu kwiZaragoza yoKhanya, enesihloko esithi. Ukulangazelela Inkululeko. Kwaye oko kuxela le noveli, uthando lwenkqubela phambili yabantu abakhanyiselweyo ukuba bafanele baphile kwimvukelo yabantu abangenasonka nabangenakukwazi ukuhlawula iirhafu eziphakamileyo.
- KWI: Ngaba ungabuyela kulaa ncwadi yokuqala uyifundileyo? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?
DB: Ukusukela ndimncinci kakhulu bendikuthanda kakhulu ukufunda, ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile kwaye kusisiseko sayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yobuqu. Incwadi yokuqala endiyikhumbulayo ndiyifunda uhlelo lwabantwana lukaLazarillo de Tormes, endandinika umalume wam endimthandayo uTeodoro, umninawa katatomkhulu. Oko kwakukufumanisa kwaye kumaphepha ayo ndaya kwezinye iincwadi zakudala ezavula ihlabathi leengcebiso kum. Kwaye ngezi mpembelelo ndaqala ukubhala ibali lobomi bukamakhulu wam uDolores, ndiyazisola ukuba wayelahlekile kwizinto ezininzi ezizayo kunye nokuhamba, apho ndandinomdla kumlingiswa kunye nombono wakhe wehlabathi elimjikelezileyo. Bendihlala ndiziva ndiphulukene nelabali losapho elandenza ndajongana nenyani yokuchaza ubunyani, nangona kufuneka ndivume ukuba embindini wobhubhani Ndicinge ngokubhala inoveli encinci emnandi, enesihloko Umfundisi nomfundisi, okwenzeka ngowe-1936 yaye kuquka izinto ezininzi endaxelelwa ngazo ngumakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuqonda impumelelo yale noveli, nekufuneka iphinde ikhutshwe kwiveki emva kokuba ikhutshelwe iivenkile ezithengisa iincwadi, mandingayifihli into yokuba. kubekho ukungaphumeleli, umzekelo, xa ndandiqala inoveli malunga noRamiro II ukuba andizange ndigqibe kwaye andazi ukuba uphi na, ekubeni ndandisele ndiqhelana nehlabathi logcino-zincwadi nophando. Oku akuthethi ukuba, kude nayo, ukuba awukwazi ukuba ngumbhali wenoveli olungileyo kunye nombhali-mbali olungileyo kunye nomphandi. Bobabini basebenza ngolwimi kunye nokukwazi-mhlawumbi ukukwazi- ukuqonda ukuba amaxwebhu acebisa okanye asixelela ntoni.
- KWI: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.
DB: Bendisoloko ndiyithanda la prose ye Azorin Ngayo uziva umhlaba weCastile, uva iintsimbi zeecawa zeelali ezilele elangeni, ushukunyiswa koko kuthuliswa emva kwemini kunye ne-siesta kwithafa elingapheliyo elanika uDon Quixote okanye uTeresa de Jesús. imbonakalo-mhlaba ... Kwaye ndiyithanda kakhulu iprozi ye Yiba apho ihlabathi leengcamango, ukungaqiniseki, ukwesaba ukulala ngaphakathi kwethu kucetyiswa, iinkumbulo ezenza ukuba sihambe kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nendlela apho iidolophana ezikude zaseMoncayo zazihlala khona.
Ayiyeki ukuthanda kwam ukucocwa kolwimi lukaMachado, ubuhle begama njengesixhobo esibonisa iimvakalelo. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ndiyayifumanisa iluyolo UPlatero kunye nam, okungekho nto ngaphandle komzamo wokwenza eyona nto ibambekayo kwindalo yonke, ukwenza ubunzima bokuphila kwansuku zonke, ukuqonda ukuba ukuthula okusondeleyo kunye nokufudumala kunokuhamba nathi.
Ndingu umfundi osele ekhulile kwaye ndiyazonwabela iincwadiAndizange ndiyeke ukufunda enye esele iqalile, nangona njengoko ubomi buhambela phambili uqonda ukuba ixesha lilinganiselwe kwaye kufuneka ulisebenzise ngokukhetha ngakumbi.
- KWI: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?
DB: Njengoko benditshilo, ndiyayithanda UPlatero kunye nam kuba ndicinga ukuba yifestile yokulula, ukunyaniseka kwabantu. Amagama athatha umfanekiso kumaphepha ayo kwaye onke xa ehlangene asisibhengezo soxolo nehlabathi. Dibana noPlatero, camngca ngaye, mjonge. Ndingathanda ukudibana kunye nokudala abalinganiswa be ezinye iinoveli zabaThumeli, njengoko mosén Millán de Ifunwa kwilali yaseSpain. Kwaye kunjalo UDuke Orsini we Bomarzo.
- KWI: Nayiphi na into yokuzonwabisa ekhethekileyo okanye umkhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni okanye ekufundeni?
I-DB: Ukuthula noxolo. Ndiyathanda ukuba ukuthula kujikeleze kum kuba akukho nto inokukuphazamisa kolu hambo lwangaphambili, kuba xa ndibhala ndikwinkulungwane ekude kwaye andinakuphuma kuyo. Andiweva amazwi angoku, okanye isandi esingxolayo seselfowuni ihlasela ngokungqongqo ukuba ngasese. Ndiyathanda ukuqala ukubhala ekuqaleni kwaye ndilandele ulandelelwano oluya kuba nalo le noveli, andikuthandi ukutsiba-tsiba kuba abalinganiswa bakukhokelela kwiindlela ongakhange uzithathele zigqibo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ulungisa indlela. usuku ngosuku. Njengoko bendithetha, nangona ndicinga ngamacebo ahamba esitratweni, ndihamba ngelixa ndicinga ngembonakalo yomhlaba okanye malunga nokulala. Ndihlala ndibhala ngokuzolileyo ebusuku ndize ke ndidlulisele amaphepha aphumayo kumfazi wam nakwintombi yam ukuze bawafunde baze benze amacebiso kwiimbono zabo ezahlukeneyo. I-counterpoint yenyani kwimvakalelo yombhali ibalulekile.
- KWI: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?
DB: Ndiyakuthanda ukubhala. kwithala lam, kwikhompyuter yam, ndingqongwe ziincwadi zam phantsi kunye nencwadana-ngamanye amaxesha i-ajenda enkulu engenanto- apho bendibhala phantsi yonke inkqubo yokubhala umsitho ukuba ube yinoveli. Kumaphepha ayo iimbekiselo zokufundwa okwenziwayo, iinkcazo zabalinganiswa (indlela endibacingela ngayo), imihla esihambisa ngayo isahluko ngesahluko, ngokwenene yonke into. Y Ndidla ngokubhala ebusuku, emva kweshumi elinesibini ebusuku nasemva kwemini kuba eli lixesha lenzolo enkulu, elo xesha apho amava obusuku ngokwawo aphazamisa imo engqongileyo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uphile ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ngumcimbi wengqondo kuphela. Kungelo xesha xa uvala amehlo akho kwaye uhambe eZaragoza ngo-1766 okanye kwisixeko saseJaca kubusika obubandayo be-1634 ...
- KWI: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?
DB: Ndiyakuthanda ukufunda. Imibongo, yakudala neyanamhlanje, endikhululayo kwaye indenza ndiphuphe ngemiboniso egcwele ubomi. Ndiyakonwabela ukuziqhelanisa oko kusivumela ukuba sazane ngcono. Ndingumntu othanda ukufunda imbali yendawo, ofunda ngayo kakhulu, kwaye ndikwanomdla malunga neempawu ze-iconography ezikufundisa ulwimi lomfanekiso. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke kwaye ukususela ebutsheni bam ndafumanisa Amaya okanye iiBasque ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMXNdiyakuthanda ukufunda inoveli yembali.
- KWI: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?
DB: Ndiyathanda ukufunda phantse yonke into ewela ezandleni zam, kodwa njengoko ndisiya ndikhula kwaye njengoko ndibonisile Ndibeka ingqalelo yam koko ndifuna ukukufunda, endinomdla, endifundisayo, endiphuphisayo. Andizukuchaza magama kuba andithandi ukubeka phambili, wonke umntu unegalelo nomdla wakhe. Okucacayo kukuba ndiyakuthanda ukufunda iinoveli zembali, endinazo kwithala leencwadi lam eliphangaleleyo ndinomboniso opheleleyo woko kupapashwa kwilizwe lethu. Pha Ababhali baseAragon abasweleki emisebenzi yakhe ndiyifunda kangangoko ndinako, nangona ndikwawongelwe ukuba ndikwazi ukufunda iimvelaphi ezithi abanye babahlobo bam ndizifunde phambi kokuzihlela.
Kwaye ukuba ngoku kufuneka ndithethe ngokubhala, kunye neentetho endithanda ukuzilungiselela ngokweenkcukacha okanye amanqaku endingenako ukwala ukuwenza, kufuneka ndibhekiselele kwiinoveli ezimbini: enye endiyigqibileyo. Umfanekiso kamama kaGoya kunye nenye endiyiqalileyo kwimvelaphi ephazamisayo yokwakhiwa kwecathedral yaseJaca, eneneni, ukujongana nokumkani kunye nomntakwabo ubhishophu, evuyiswa ngudade wabo u-Countess Sancha. Libali elichulumancisayo kuba lelokuziphengulula ekuboneni indlela ubugcisa obunokuzalwa ngayo naxa kukho ungquzulwano nendlela ubuhle obukhokelela ngayo kulonwabo lokudibana. Nangona ukuba ndinyanisekile kuwe kwaye ndityhila imfihlo, isiqingatha, ndiya kukuxelela ukuba bendibhala iminyaka emibini kwaye ehlotyeni ndiqhubela phambili ukubhalwa kwencwadi. inoveli malunga neentsuku ezintlanu ezimangalisayo zokugqibela zobomi bokumkani waseAragon, umlinganiselo wookumkani baseYurophu. Ndiza kukuxelela ukuba ndiyithanda kakhulu le nkampani.
- KWI: Kwaye okokugqibela, ucinga ukuba lo mzuzu wobunzima sijongene nawo uza kubalwa njani? Ngaba ubunyani bembali yethu buhlala bugqitha intsomi?
DB: Ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lweenoveli zethu zexesha elidlulileyo sele zibalisa amaxesha afanayo nalawo kufuneka siphile ngoku, ngezinye iindlela kunye nakwezinye iindawo, kodwa masingalibali ukuba umntu uyafana kwaye uneempawu ezifanayo kunye neempawu ezifanayo. iziphene ezifanayo. Kwaye lo protagonist ngulowo uzidlulayo kwintelekelelo yakhe yentlalo kunye nanxamnye nabo bamngqongileyo, evula ilizwe lamava anokubonakala ngathi yintsomi. Xa ndibhala iingxoxo zenoveli yam malunga neGoya yomntu kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo, endisandula ukuyipapasha, ndiyamangala kuba uninzi lwento ethethwa bubuchule bomzobo luvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nokugxeka imeko yethu: ukulahlekelwa yinkululeko, umsantsa phakathi kwabo balawulayo nabalawulwayo, ulonwabo olufunyanwa ngabantu ekwenzeni abanye babandezeleke, ngokwamathuba abo ... Imbali isoloko isifundisa kuba inobizo lwekamva.
Nangona kunjalo, ndimele nditsho ukuba ndiqinisekile ukuba ixesha lethu liya kuba lixesha apho iinoveli ezinomdla ziya kubhalwa ezingayi kuba nanto yakwenza nezo zibhaliweyo namhlanje, kuba uhlalutyo lweenyaniso lufuna imbono yesikhashana. Umsindo ungaze uthwale usiba olupeyinta amaxesha obomi.