Ibhaso leNobel kuNcwadi Lelinye lawona mabhaso abalulekileyo ehlabathini.. Ababhali abaninzi bafuna ukuyiphumelela kodwa asingabo bonke abayifumanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkcukacha ezithile ekufuneka uzazi, izinto ezinomdla ezingaveli rhoqo kodwa ziyamangalisa.
Ngesi sizathu, senze uphando oluncinci ukufumana ezinye zezinto ezinomdla kwibhaso elinikezela ngebhaso. ababhali. Ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi?
Iminyaka engama-41, leyo yiminyaka yelona bhaso lincinci likaNobel kuNcwadi
Kwaye kukuba, ukuba ujonga kancinci kuluhlu lwabaphumeleleyo, uninzi lwabo 60-70 kwaye phezulu. Kodwa umbhali osemtsha akazange awongwe. Oyena mncinci wayeyityala le-1907 apho uRudyard Kipling wayekhona owathi, oneminyaka engama-41, waphumelela ibhaso.
Kodwa oku akuphindanga kwakhona kwinto esele ikho uphethe irekhodi yokuba ngoyena mbhali mncinane ngeBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi.
Iminyaka engama-88, iminyaka yebhaso leNobel elidala loncwadi
Njengoko besinixelele ngaphambili ukuba ngubani oyena mntu umncinci ukufumana iwonga, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngoyena mntu umdala ulifumeneyo. Kwaye kule meko, lowo unethamsanqa waba UDoris Lessing, oneminyaka engama-88, waphumelela elona bhaso linqwenelwa kakhulu ngababhali.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mntu ukhulileyo, nangona abaninzi besondele kwiminyaka yakhe (i-80s nangaphezulu). UDoris wayifumana ngo-2007 yaye ngokulusizi wasweleka kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngoNovemba 2013.
Ithamsanqa elifunyanwa ngumbhali ngeBhaso leNobel kuNcwadi
Asazi nokuba ababhali bayalithanda iBhaso likaNobel loNcwadi ngenxa nje yelo mbasa okanye ngenxa yemali abayirhola ngalo. Kwaye kunjalo bonke abaphumelele amabhaso bafumana imali eninzi kakhulu.
Sithetha ngezithsaba ezizizigidi ezilithoba, ethi, ukusondeza kancinci, ilingana nesigidi seerandi, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi okufanayo ngee-euro (kuxhomekeke kwindlela ephela ngayo kwimarike yemasheya).
Ngokwenyani, into onokuthi ungayazi kukuba yayingumqambi wamaBhaso kaNobel owabuza iziko laseSweden ukuba liza kubaququzelela egameni lakhe iminyaka, ukuba ivuza minyaka le "umbhali weyona ncwadi ibalaseleyo yotyekelo lokucinga".
Kwaye ukusuka apho kuvela ukuba unikwe loo bhaso lezoqoqosho (okuya kuba luncedo kumntu wonke).
Izindululo zonyaka ezingama-350
Ese yi-avareji yenani elifunyenwe liziko laseSweden minyaka le. Ziileta ezithunyelwa ngababhali bebacela ukuba bazijonge ukuze babe phakathi kwabo banokuba ngabagqatswa. Ngokucacileyo, abanye bayenza ngokuzithoba kwaye abanye bathe ngqo… ngokuthe ngqo, ukuze sithethe. Kodwa ngaphandle kweeleta, amaxesha amaninzi ezi zikhatshwa iminikelo, izipho kunye nayo nayiphi na enye indlela "ukuthambisa" intliziyo ijaji ukungena phakathi kwabo baviwa (kwaye ukhethe ukufumana ibhaso). Ewe oku akuncedi ngababhali.
Imvelaphi yeBhaso leNobel kuNcwadi
Ngaphambi kokuba sikuxelele ngo-Alfred Nobel kwaye usenokuba uyazi ukuba wayengumyili wamaBhaso eNobel. Nangona kunjalo, into onokuthi ungayazi kukuba, nangona yayiyintando yakhe ukuba amabhaso ezoqoqosho adalwe kwaye anikezelwe, ayizange izaliseke de kwaba ngunyaka emva kokufa kwakhe.
Isizathu? Kuye kwafuneka ukuba yamkelwe yiPalamente yaseNorway. Kuphela ngelo xesha, sithetha ngo-1897, bakwazi ukuzalisekisa ukuthanda, kwaye iSiseko seNobel savuswa.
Ababini kuphela abaphumelele iBhaso likaNobel emva kokufa
Kuya kufuneka uyazi loo nto lonke ulonyulo lweBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi kufuneka liphume kubabhali abaphilayo nabapapashiweyo ngaloo nyaka.. Ababhali abangasekhoyo abamkelekanga. Ngaphandle kwezihlandlo ezibini, ngowe-1931 nangowe-1961. Kweneke ntoni? Uyabona, abaphumeleleyo ngaloo minyaka yayingu-Erik Axel Karlfeldt kunye noDag Hammarskjöld (kule meko iBhaso loXolo lweNobel). Bobabini basweleka sele bekhethiwe, oko kukuthi, babekuluhlu lokugqibela lwababhali abanokuphumelela ibhaso. Kwaye babenethamsanqa elibi lokufa (okokuqala ngo-Epreli kunye neyesibini ngoSeptemba).
Kwakhona, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba u-Erik Axel Karlfeldt, njengoko sibonile kwi-Wikipedia, wala ukuphumelela iBhaso likaNobel loNcwadi ngowe-1918. Kwaye ukuba siya kuluhlu lwabaphumeleleyo, kuye kwavela ukuba loo nyaka iBhaso lalingenamntu ngenxa yokuba alizange libanjwe ngenxa yeMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Ngoko ngokwenene asazi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni.
Ababhali ababini ababenobuganga bokwala ibhaso
Ukuba besinixelele ngaphambili ukuba akukho mntu uya kukwazi ukwala iBhaso likaNobel Loncwadi, singasathethi ke ngemali ehamba nalo, inyaniso kukuba simele sirhoxe. Kwakukho ababhali ababini abakhetha ukuyigatya.
Owokuqala onokumazi, mhlawumbi kungekhona ngegama, Boris pasternak, kodwa ewe yenye yezona ncwadi zaziwa kakhulu phaya, Ugqirha Zhivago. Yakuba inikezelwe, wayamkela. Kodwa kwiveki kamva wagqiba ekubeni ayibuyisele ngenxa yengcinezelo evela kurhulumente waseSoviet ngaye. Oku kwakungowe-1958.
Yaye kwiminyaka kamva, ngowe-1964, kwaba njalo umbhali uJean paul Sartre owayengafuni ukwamkela ibhaso okanye amawonga angqamana naye. Wade wenza nesaziso esidlangalaleni apho wathi "umbhali makangazivumeli ukuba ajikwe abe liziko."
Imbasa yeNobel yeBhaso loLuncwadi inembali
Ukuba awuzange uyiqaphele imbasa abayinika abaphumelele iBhaso leNobel loNcwadi, kufuneka wazi ukubaLe yenzelwe ngu-Erik Lindberg kwaye kukho indawo encinci kuyo. Indoda ibonwa ihleli, inamaphepha athile edolweni lasekunene kwaye ijonge ibhinqa eliselula eliphambi kwayo lidlala uhadi.
Ngapha koko, uyaziwa ukuba uhleli ecaleni kwe-laurel kunye kuthwa into ayibhalileyo yingoma edlalwa ngulomzi.
Ngaphandle koko, kukho amagama kwisiLatini, Inventions – Vitam – Iuvat – Excoluisse – Per – Arts, leyo iza kuthetha "Abo baphucula ubomi ngokufumana ubugcisa". Kwaye ukuba uyifundile i-Aeneid, uya kwazi ukuba eli binzana livela kwindinyana yama-663 ye-canto yesithandathu.
Njengoko ubona, iBhaso leNobel kuNcwadi linezinto ezininzi ezinomdla (ngaphezu kokuba sikuxelele). Ngaba ikho into oyaziyo ekufuneka siyazi ngayo?