Blas de Otero

UBlas de Otero (1916-1979) wayeyimbongi yaseSpain enomsebenzi ekubhekiswa kuwo njengowona mfuziselo woncwadi lwasemva kwemfazwe. Ngokulinganayo, Umbhali waseBilbao uthathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zokubalelwa ekuthinjweni kwangaphakathi”Kwavela phakathi eSpain phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Libinzana elisondeleyo laqala njengohlobo lokuchasana nemeko yezopolitiko nezopolitiko ngexesha lolawulo lukaFranco. Ukwengeza, Impembelelo ka-Otero kwiimbongi zamaxesha amva kuye kwabonakala ngenxa yombongo omkhulu kakhulu kwimithombo yobugcisa kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe ekuhlaleni.

Ngobomi bakhe

UBlas de Otero Muñoz wazalwa ngo-Matshi 15, 1916 kusapho olutyebileyo eBilbao, eVizcaya. Izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphantsi zazifundwa zizikolo zamaJesuit, apho afumana khona inkolo (apho wafuduka khona). Ngo-1927 wafudukela eMadrid kunye nosapho, enyanzelwa luxinzelelo olukhulu lwexesha eliphakathi.

Kwikomkhulu laseSpain wagqiba isidanga sakhe kwiDyunivesithi yaseValladolid wafumana isidanga sakhe somthetho. Ukuthetha inyani, lo msebenzi wawusebenza kancinci (kuphela kwinkampani yentsimbi yaseBasque, emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya). Ukubuyela kwakhe eMadrid wasebenza ixesha elithile njengonjingalwazi waseyunivesithi, kodwa wawushiya umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa kwakamsinya nje ukuba aqale ukwamkelwa kwimibongo yakhe.

Obra

Uninzi lwabaphengululi lwahlula indalo yoncwadi kaBlas de Otero amaxesha amane. Kwimeko nganye nganye yazo ibonakalisa ubungqangi baloo mzuzu. Nangona eyona nto icace gca kukuvela kwendlela yayo ukusuka ku "mna" ukuya kuthi "kuthi". Oko kukuthi, wahamba kwiintsizi zakhe ukuya kwezentlalo (ngokudibeneyo) okanye kwimibongo.

Ixesha lokuqala

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Ingelosi enobuntu

Iindlela ezimbini ezingenakuphikiswa ziyavela kwimibongo yokuqala yeBlas de Otero. Kwelinye icala, Phakathi kokubandezeleka kwembongi, ubunzima bezoqoqosho kunye nelahleko yosapho ziye zaphawulwa kakhulu. (umntakwabo omdala notata) babandezeleka xa wayekwishumi elivisayo. Ngendlela efanayo, inkolo yinto ephawuliweyo ngaphakathi kweempawu kunye nokwenziwa kweengoma.

Ngokuhambelana, iyachukumiseka njengokungena kweembongi ezinje ngeSan Juan de la Cruz kunye noFray Luis de León. Nangona kunjalo, U-Otero weza ekulikhanyeleni inqanaba lakhe lenkolo, awathi kulo, wabeka isiqalo sendalo yakhe yeengoma Ingelosi enobuntu (1950). Endaweni yokuba Ingoma yokomoya (1942), isicatshulwa sakhe sibonisa unxibelelwano olunyanisekileyo phakathi komntu wokuqala wembongi kunye noThixo "wena".

Imiba efanelekileyo kwi Ingoma yokomoya

• Uthando lukaThixo njengomthombo (ophikisayo) wolonwabo kunye nokubandezeleka.
• UThixo ubonakalisiwe kwiimeko eziphathekayo, kodwa uhlala engaziwa, egqibeleleyo kwaye engenakufikeleleka. Apho ukholo kuphela kwendlela evumela ukufuna usindiso.
• Ukubonakaliswa kolahlekileyo "Mna", ongenakuzinceda ebusweni besono, ukubonakalisa ukungafezeki komntu.
• Ukufa njengesiqinisekiso esingadibaniyo sokuhlangana noThixo, ke ngoko, intsingiselo yobomi ithintelwe ekulangazelelekeni ukuva ubukho beNkosi.

Inqanaba lesibini

Ingelosi enobuntu, Ukuqengqeleka kwesazela (1950) kunye I-ankile (1958), ngamagama abamele ixesha lobukho beOtero. Kuzo, imbongi ijolise ikakhulu kwiimbambano zakhe kunye neentlungu eziveliswa ziintsizi zoluntu. Ngapha koko, kukho "ukudana" okuthile kwisimo sikaThixo "ocinga" ngezenzo zenkohlakalo ezenziwe ngabantu.

Nangona kweli nqanaba kukho izizathu ezizimeleyo, iinkxalabo malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye ngokudibeneyo ziqala ukuqhubeka ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, ubukho buka-Otero ngokucacileyo yindawo yokuqhekeza nemithetho yakhe yakudala yenkolo kunye neFrancoism. Ngapha koko, kwii-1950s zakuqala, iindlela zakhe zokuma kwizikhundla zembono yasekhohlo ayinakuphikiswa.

Izakhiwo zobukho obukhoyo u-Otero axoxa nabo

• Umntu uphelile, uqulethwe emzimbeni onokonakala kwaye angabutshintsha ubukho bakhe ngezigqibo zakhe.
• Akukho kumiselwa kwangaphambili, akukho miphefumlo, akukho thixo bamisela indlela yabantu.
• Umntu ngamnye uxanduva lwezenzo zakhe kunye nenkululeko.
• Indoda eyaziyo intlekele yakhe.

Inqanaba lesithathu

Ukujongana nesiphithiphithi kunye nokungaqiniseki okuxhaphakileyo eluntwini, Impendulo yembongi kukwamkela imfesane, inkathalo kunye nenkxaso kumaxhoba entlekele. Ngale ndlela kwavela imibongo eyancothulwayo eOtero, nalapho indlela eya kuthi “thina” yenzeka ngokonakalisa iimfuno zabantu.

Ngapha koko, kweli nqanaba, uThixo unendima “eyoyikekayo” yombukeli kuba umshiye umntu engenakuzinceda. Ngaphandle kwendima ye-neuralgic yethemba kwimibhalo yalo mjikelo, akukho sisombululo sivela ezulwini. Nangona kunjalo, eyona minqweno mikhulu luxolo, inkululeko kunye nomnqweno wekamva elingcono. Phakathi kwale misebenzi ibalulekileyo kweli nqanaba, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala:

• Ndicela uxolo nelizwi (1955).
• NgeSpanish (1959).
• Kuthekani ngeSpain (1964).

Isimbo kunye nemixholo yemibongo esuselweyo

• Uvelwano kwabanye abantu njengeyona ndlela ikhethekileyo yokoyisa uluntu kunye neengxaki ezikhoyo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kothando.
• Ubundlobongela, umdlalo weqonga kunye notshintsho ngabom phakathi kwemigca.
• Ukuxinana kwengqondo, ukuchaneka kwesichazi-magama, iithoni zesinyithi kunye nokusika isingqisho.

Isigaba sesine

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Ubuxoki kunye namabali ayinyani

Ukuvakaliswa okuphezulu kwemibongo yentlalontle kunye nokuzibophelela kuka-Otero kwenzeka emva kotyelelo lwembongi kumazwe e-axis yobukomanisi: iUSSR, China ne Cuba. Abanye abaphengululi balithatha eli nqanaba kunye nemibongo esuselweyo njengenye. Ngayiphi na imeko, ngeli xesha amaxesha amathathu emihobe asetyenziswa ngumbhali waseSpain aqapheleka ngakumbi:

• Imbali edlulileyo.
• Imbali yangoku.
• Ikamva le-Utopian.

Isebenza njenge Ngelixa Ubuxoki kunye namabali ayinyani (Zombini ukusukela ngo-1970) bonisa ukuguquguquka kwembongi kulo mjikelo. Ewe, usebenzisa iivesi zasimahla, iivesi okanye ii-semi-simahla, ngokutshintshanayo, kwimibongo engalandeli mzekelo wobude obungapheliyo. Eli nqanaba likwaziwa njenge "nqanaba lokugqibela"; kuba ibingumshicileli wokugqibela wase-Otero ngaphambi kokuba afe ngoJuni 29, 1979.

Imibongo kaBlas de Otero

Ndithi phila

Kuba ukuhlala kubomvu kushushu.
(Njalo igazi, oh Thixo, lalibomvu.)
Ndithi phila, phila ngokungathi akukho nto
kufuneka ihlale kule nto ndiyibhalayo.

Kuba ukubhala kungumoya obalekayo,
kwaye upapashe, ikholamu ikona.
Ndithi phila, phila ngesandla, unomsindo-
Ingqondo iyafa, icaphula kwisiraphu.

Ndibuyela ebomini ngokufa kwam egxalabeni,
Icekisa yonke into endiyibhalileyo: irubble
yendoda endandinguye xa ndandithule.

Ngoku ndibuyela kubomi bam, malunga nomsebenzi wam
uninzi olungafiyo: iqela elinesibindi
yokuphila nokufa. Eminye ayiyongxaki.

Kwisininzi esikhulu

Nantsi unayo, kwingoma nangomphefumlo, indoda
lowo wayethanda, ephila, wafela ngaphakathi
kwaye ngolunye usuku oluhle wehla waya esitratweni: emva koko
Waqonda: wazaphula zonke iivesi zakhe.

Injalo loo nto, yayinjalo ke. Ndiphume ngobusuku obunye
uphuma amagwebu emehlweni, unxilile
yothando, ubaleka ungazi ukuba uphi:
Apho umoya unganuki kukufa

Iintente zoxolo, iipaneli eziqaqambileyo,
zaziingalo zakhe, njengoko abiza umoya;
Amaza egazi nxamnye nesifuba, makhulu
amaza wentiyo, 'yabona, wonke umzimba.

Apha! Fika! Owu! Iingelosi ezimbi
ngenqwelomoya ethe tyaba bawela isibhakabhaka;
Iintlanzi zentsimbi ezifihlakeleyo ziyazula
imiqolo yolwandle, ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwizibuko.

Ndizinika zonke iivesi zam ndenzela indoda
ngoxolo. Nantsi inyama,
Umyolelo wam wokugqibela. Bilbao, elinanye
Epreli amashumi amahlanu ananye.