Umfanekiso weChekhov, nguOsip Braz.
UAnton Chekhov Wayengumbhali wemidlalo yeqonga kunye nombhali wamabali, kunye nogqirha, kwaye ngokunjalo omnye wababhali abadumileyo boncwadi lwesiRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Enyanisweni, ugqalwa njengoyena mmeli ubalulekileyo wesikolo. -yinyani, inkosi yebali kunye nomfanekiso osisiseko wendalo yanamhlanje ngaphakathi kwithiyetha yaseRashiya. Nalu ukhetho lwakhe iingcebiso zokubhala.
UAnton Chekhov
Imisebenzi yakhe yedrama kunye naloo mabali a ukugxekwa koluntu kwafuneka aphile eRashiya ngaphambi kohlaziyo luka-1905. U-Chekhov wadala indlela entsha awayibiza ngayo "isenzo esingathanga ngqo" apho anika ukubaluleka ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zomlinganiswa kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabalinganiswa kunesakhiwo sebali okanye isenzo esithe ngqo. Ulawula iimvakalelo kunye nokuzoba aba balinganiswa, angabagwebi kwaye abavumele ukuba bathethe ngolwimi lwabo. Ikwanika ilizwi kwababuthathaka, kubantwana, abafazi okanye amabanjwa, ngendlela engaziwa kude kube ngoko. Imibhalo yakhe yayibonakalisa ubuntununtunu kunye noburharha, obufana nobukho bakhe, kunye nelo cala libuthathaka lesifo sephepha awasivayo kubo bonke ubomi bakhe awathi wabhubha kuso ngowe-1904.
Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo kunye namabali aye Abakhenkethi kunye namanye amabali, Ipapashiwe emva kokufa, Inyango, i cicada, inombolo yegumbi 6, imonki emnyama o inenekazi lenja. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe yeqonga ubalasele Ingabangaba, Malume uVanya o Oodade abathathu.
iingcebiso zokubhala
Itsalwe kwi Akukho ploti kwaye akukho siphelo.
- Ubugcisa bokubhala bubandakanya ukuthetha okuninzi ngamagama ambalwa.
- Umbhali, ngaphezu kokubhala, kufuneka ahombise ephepheni; ukuba umsebenzi ucokiseke, ucokiseke.
- Awugqibi ngempumlo eyaphukileyo ekubhaleni kakubi; ngokuchaseneyo, sibhala ngenxa yokuba sophuke iimpumlo kwaye asinandawo yokuya.
- Xa ndibhala andinayo into yokuba amabali am abuhlungu. Phofu xa ndisebenza ndihlala ndikwi good mood. Okukhona ubomi bam bonwabile, kokukhona ndisiba mnyama amabali.
- UBrevity ngudade wetalente.
- Musa ukupolisha, musa ukufayilisha kakhulu. Kufuneka ube lukhuni kwaye ube nesibindi. UBrevity ngudade wetalente.
- Ndiyibonile yonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku ayisiyonto endiyibonileyo kodwa yindlela endiyibone ngayo.
- Sisimanga: ngoku ndine mania for brevity: akhonto ndiyifundayo mna noba yeyomnye umntu ingathi imfutshane kum.
- Xa ndibhala, ndiyathemba ngokupheleleyo ukuba umfundi uya kongeza ngokwakhe izinto ezizizo ezilahlekileyo ebalini.
- Akukho nto ilula njengokuchaza abasemagunyeni abangenaluvelwano. Umfundi uyayithanda, kodwa kuphela eyona nto ingenakuchaphazeleka, eyona nto iphakathi kwabafundi. UThixo akugcine kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ingcono kakhulu ayikuchazi isimo sengqondo sabalinganiswa. Kufuneka uzame ukususa izenzo zakho. Sukupapasha de uqiniseke ukuba abalinganiswa bakho bayaphila kwaye awoni ngokuchasene nenyani.
- Kulula ukubhala ngoSocrates kunenenekazi eliselula okanye umpheki.
- Gcina ibali esiqwini unyaka wonke kwaye, emva kwelo xesha, ulifunde kwakhona. Emva koko uya kubona yonke into ngokucacileyo. Bhala inoveli. Yibhale unyaka wonke. Uze uyinqumle ngesiqingatha sonyaka uze emva koko uyipapashe. Umbhali, ngaphezu kokubhala, kufuneka ahombise ephepheni; ukuba umsebenzi ucokiseke, ucokiseke.
- Ayingombhalo ngokwawo ondicaphukisayo, kodwa imeko yoncwadi, apho akunakwenzeka ukubaleka kwaye ihamba nawe yonke indawo, njengomoya womhlaba. Andikholelwa wethu iingqondi, onohanahaniso, ubuxoki, i-hysterical, ikrwada, engenzi lutho; Naxa eva ubunzima, esitsho isijwili, andikholwa, kuba abamtshutshisayo baphuma ezibilinini zakhe. Ndiyakholelwa kumntu ngamnye, kubantu abambalwa abathe saa kuzo zonke iikona – nokuba ziinkcuba-buchopho okanye abalimi; kubo kukho amandla, nokuba bambalwa.
- Thixo wam, musa ukundivumela ndigwebe, ndithethe endingakwaziyo, endingakwaziyo;
- Ndiyakucebisa: 1) hayi ubuvuvu bezopolitiko, intlalontle, okanye imeko yezoqoqosho; 2) ukungabi nanjongo ngokupheleleyo; 3) ukunyaniseka kumzobo wabalinganiswa kunye nezinto; 4) ubukhulu becala; 5) ukunyaniseka kunye nokuqala: uyala yonke into eqhelekileyo; 6) ngokuzenzekela.
- Kunzima ukudibanisa umnqweno wokuphila kunye nomnqweno wokubhala. Musa ukuvumela usiba lwakho lubaleke xa intloko yakho idiniwe.
- Ungaze uxoke. Ubugcisa bunobukhulu obukhethekileyo: abunyamezeli ubuxoki. Ungaxoka eluthandweni, kwezopolitiko, kwezamayeza, ungaqhatha abantu nkqu noThixo, kodwa kubugcisa awunakuxoka.
- Ukubhalela abahlalutyi kunengqiqo efana nokunika umntu onomkhuhlane ukuba ajoje iintyatyambo.
- Masingabi ngama-charlatans kwaye masithi ngokuphandle ukuba akukho nto iqondwayo kweli hlabathi. Kuphela ama-charlatans kunye ne-idiots bacinga ukuba baqonda yonke into.
Imithombo: IiBhayografi kunye noBomi — Sinjania