UAnaphora

U-Anaphora ngumntu oqhelekileyo osetyenziswa ngokubanzi phakathi kweembongi kunye nababhali beengoma. Inokuphindaphindwa rhoqo kwegama okanye ibinzana, ngokubanzi ekuqaleni kwendinyana okanye isivakalisi. Nangona kunjalo, inokuvela ekugqibeleni phakathi. Oku kunokubonwa kwesi sivakalisi silandelayo ngu-Amado Nervo: "Yonke into iyaziwa apha, akukho nto ifihlakeleyo apha".

Isetyenziselwa ukubonelela isicatshulwa ngenjongo ecacileyo nengathandabuzekiyo, kunye nesandi esithile.. Ngendlela efanayo, iyasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa imibongo yeprose, nokuba ziyaphindaphindwa na amabinzana afanayo okanye amaqela afanayo. Umzekelo:

"Walker, akukho ndlela, indlela yenziwa ngokuhamba". (Umxholo ubonakaliswe nguJoan Manuel Serrat, ukusuka kumbongo othi «Cantares» ngu U-Antonio Machado).

Ukuthetha ngabom

Ukongeza ekunikeni imibhalo enesingqisho nesandi esithile, Ngumntu obalulekileyo ongacacanga xa ebalaselisa umxholo, umbono okanye into efanayo engombongo ophambili kwezinye iivesi. Inkcazo-ntetho enenjongo iboniswa apha ngezantsi ngesicatshulwa sika-Andrés Eloy Blanco:

"Umzobi owazalelwa emhlabeni wam ngebrashi yamanye amazwe // upeyinta olandela indlela yabapeyinti bakudala abaninzi // nangona iNtombikazi ingumlungu, ndipeyinte iingelosi ezincinci ezimnyama." ("Ndipeyinte iingelosi ezincinci ezimnyama", uAndrés Eloy Blanco).

Ukongeza, i-anaphora idlala indima ekhokelayo kwisichazi magama. Yiyo ke loo nto yenza ukuba umbongo ubonakalise ubugcisa- ekufuneka buthathelwe ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo - kufuneka bufundwe ngokuvakalayo. Nokuba kuculiwe, kufundwe okanye kwabhengezwa ngokuvakalayo. Ayicacanga into yokuba umfundi uphambi kwabaphulaphuli abathi bamphulaphule ngenyameko okanye bebodwa kwigumbi.

Imvelaphi ye-anaphora

Ixesha anaphora livela kwindibaniselwano yamagama amabini imvelaphi yamaGrike. Ekuqaleni, ana, ogama lithetha "ukuphindaphinda" okanye "ukufana"; zongezwa nge Nguyen, Oko kukuthi "ukuhamba". Kwelinye icala, Babekude kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuqulunqwe ukubhala.

Abafundi bezeMfundo bathi ukusetyenziswa kwe-anaphora kubuyela kumaxesha apho imeko yayikuphela kwendlela yokuhambisa ulwazi. Ke ngoko, Oovimba basetyenziselwa ukushiya naliphi na ithuba lamathandabuzo malunga nezimvo ezichazwe kwizivakalisi okanye inokuchazwa gwenxa.

Iindidi ze-anaphora yegrama

Kwinkalo yeelwimi kunye nohlalutyo lwegrama, "anaphora" ligama elinentsingiselo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Oku-ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo njengomlinganiso wobhalo-yenye yezinto ezizodwa ezenza iSpanish lube lulwimi olunzima ukuzibandakanya kwabo bangengabo abolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Nokuba, ngamanye amaxesha izithethi zaseSpanish kwasekuzalweni oko kudala ubunzima.

Sebenzisa

• I-anaphora isetyenziswa njengendawo ekubhekiswa kuyo okanye i-deictic ngohlobo lwesimelabizo, Iintsingiselo zayo zikwimeko yentetho. Qaphela kweli binzana lilandelayo nguFilippo Neviani "Nek":… «uLaura uyasinda ebomini bam, nawe ulapha, buza ukuba kutheni ndimthanda ngaphandle kwamanxeba» ...
• Ngokufanayo, I-anaphora inokuba libinzana elinokutolikwa kuxhomekeke kwelinye ibinzana elizalisekisa intetho.
• Ekugqibeleni, Intsingiselo yayo ixhomekeke kwimixholo yokuba ngexesha lokuphindaphinda (wegama okanye ibinzana) sele bekhona kwisicatshulwa. Umzekelo: "Bekukho intaka engange-pint ehleli kuluhlaza oluhlaza." (UAlbalucía Ángel).

I-Anaphora kunye nekaphaphal

I-Anaphora kunye ne-cataphor ngamagama aneentsingiselo ezihlala zilahlekisa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omnye kuphela phakathi kwezi zimbini, ekulula ukuwuqonda. Kwelinye icala, ii-cataphoras zisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwegrama ye-Castilian njengezixhobo zomdibaniso wolwakhiwo kwimibhalo, kuthintelwa ukuphindwaphindwa kwamagama.

Kwi-anaphora, isimelabizo sisetyenziswa emva kokuba isihloko sele sinikezelwe kwisivakalisi. Endaweni yoko, kwikaphaphal, kusetyenziswe igama elithi “substitute” kuqala lize emva koko kuvele isenzo esiphambili.

Umzekelo: "wakhe khange alinde ixesha elide, yiyo loo nto uPatricia akananyamezelo ”.

I-Ellipsis kunye ne-anaphora

Kukho "isixhobo" sesithathu segrama esisetyenziselwa ukuhambelana nokubhaliweyo ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda amagama. Imalunga ne-ellipsis. Isimelabizo "esingena endaweni" asisetyenziswanga apha. Isifundo sishiyiwe, ukungabikho kwakhe kugwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo kwisicatshulwa kwaye akukho siphithiphithi malunga nomlinganiswa okanye into ekuthethwa ngayo ngaye.

Ukungabikho (i-ellipsis) kunokunikwa "njengohlobo" lwe-anaphora. Oko kukuthi, ukushiyeka kwenzeka nje ukuba isifundo sele sinikiwe: UMarina noRoberto sisibini esikhethekileyo, bathandana kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, inokusebenza njengecafaphos "ethe cwaka". Qaphela kwesi sivakalisi silandelayo: "Akazange eze, uEduardo akanaxanduva."

Iimpawu ngokubanzi ze-anaphora njengamanani okubhala

Nangona ngamanye amaxesha ii-anaphoras zolwimi kunye nolwimi zinokujongeka njengokufana, ukuphonononga ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zangaphambili kusebenza ukucacisa umahluko phakathi komnye nomnye.

Igalelo

Ukuvela kwayo kuhlala kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwesivakalisi ngasinye. Ngokwesiqhelo ukusukela ekuvulekeni kwesivakalisi nasemva koko, kulandele ukuvalwa kwesivakalisi ngasinye. Ke ngoko, Kule meko i-anaphora ibonakala emva kwexesha kwaye ilandelwe okanye ixesha kwaye yahlukene. Umzekelo: “Uya kusikelelwa esixekweni okanye elizweni. Sisikelelekile isiqhamo sezibilini zakho, nesiqhamo somhlaba wakho ”. (IDuteronomi 28).

nayo, igalelo le-anaphoras linokufunyanwa emva kwekoma okanye kwisemicolon. Oku kuqatshelwe kwesi sicatshulwa: // Nika ilitye, amanzi, ade ade adambe. // Nika i-windmill, umoya, kude kube yinto engenakufikeleleka ”. (UMiguel Hernandez).

Igama elinye, ibinzana elinye

Kolu hlobo lwe-anaphora, eOovimba abagubungela ngaphezulu kwegama elinye, njengoko kunokubonwa kwisiqwenga esilandelayo sikaSilvio Rodríguez: “Kukho abo bafuna ingoma yothando; kukho abo bafuna ingoma yobuhlobo; kukho abo bafuna ukubuyela elangeni bayokucula eyona nkululeko inkulu ”.

Ngotshintsho lwesini

Enye yeendlela apho i-anaphora inokufumaneka ngaphakathi kwesivakalisi ine-polyptoton. Ke, Ixesha eliphindaphindwayo litshintsha isini ngexesha lesicatshulwa. Umzekelo: "Ufuna ndikuthande kanjani xa endifuna yena engandithandi ngalendlela ndifuna ngayo?"