Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla

UPablo Neruda ugqibile ukubhala Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla xa wayeneminyaka eli-19 ubudala. Ngaphandle kobutsha bakhe, imbongi yaseChile yazuza ukubhalwa kweengoma eziphakanyisiweyo, ezibonakaliswa ziindlela eziphakamileyo zonxibelelwano kunye nenqanaba lokubhala eliphakamileyo. Akumangalisi ukuba le ncwadi ithathwa njengesalathiso esisisiseko kuncwadi lwaseSpain-Amerika.

Ngapha koko, ngexesha lokusweleka kwakhe umbhali wase Mzantsi Melika (1973) Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla besele kuthengisiwe iikopi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibini. Ngesi sizathu, Eyona yeyona ngqokelela yeenkondlo efundwa ngokubanzi ngalo lonke ixesha. Ngokomgxeki wezoncwadi uHarold Bloom, uNeruda - kunye nomPhuthukezi uFernando Pessoa - imbongi ebalaseleyo yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.

Sobre el autor

UPablo Neruda ligama elisisidenge likaNeftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (Parral, Chile, 1904 - Santiago de Chile, 1973), ophumeleleyo kwiNobel Prize for Literature (1971). Imbongi yaseChile yakhetha le ndebe imbeko yembongi yaseCzech uJan Neruda. Ngalo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala udlulile kubushushu be Imibongo engamashumi amabini kwi-surrealism emnyama Indawo yokuhlala eMhlabeni (1933-35).

Emva kwexesha, wavakalisa ukuzibophelela kwakhe kwezopolitiko nakwezentlalo kwimisebenzi enje Cula ngokubanzi (1950) ngaphambi kokuguqukela kwindlela elula yokucacisa kunye nomxholo obonakalayo Izinto ezisisiseko (Ngo-1954-57). Ngokufanayo, Olu tshintsho kwimixholo kunye nesimbo lubonisa ukulungela imbongi xa kudityaniswa iindlela ezintsha zobuhle kwimveliso yakhe yoncwadi.

Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana kunye nemisebenzi yokuqala

Wazalwa nge-12 kaJulayi ngo-1904. Kwinyanga elandelayo emva kokuzalwa kukamama wakhe wasweleka kwaye kwafuneka ahambe notata wakhe baya kwidolophu yaseTemuco. Apho waya kwizifundo zakhe zokuqala kwaye wadibana noGabriela Mistral, owamsondeza kufutshane neencwadi zakudala zoncwadi lwaseRussia. Umbongo wakhe wokuqala wawusithi Ingoma yepati (1921), ityikityiwe kunye negama elithi Pablo Neruda (ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngo-1946).

Ngokufanayo, en UTemuco usebenze okokuqala kwiphephandaba, umsebenzi uqhubekile eSantiago njengomhleli we Ukucaca, Apho bapapasha imibongo yakhe eliqela. Kwikomkhulu laseChile wafundela ukuba ngumfundisi-ntsapho waseFransi kwaye waphumelela kwilizwe jikelele emva kokumiselwa Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla kunye Ukuzama komntu ongenasiphelo.

Ukuhamba nokunxibelelana nesiZukulwana sama-27

Embindini wee-1920s, waqala ukubamba izikhundla zommeli kumazwe afana neBurma, iSingapore, iCeylon, neJava.. Emva kwexesha, wayeseSpain (1934 - 1938). Apho wayenxulumene namagcisa aphuma kwisizukulwana se-27 esinjengoGarcía Lorca, uRafael Alberti, Miguel Hernández, Gerardo Diego kunye noVicente Aleixandre, phakathi kwabanye.

Kwilizwe laseIberia waseka eli phephancwadi Ihashe eliluhlaza leSibongo kwaye wenza ukuba inkxaso yakhe kwiRiphabhlikhi icace ngomsebenzi wakhe kwi Spain entliziyweni (1937). Ukwengeza, Ukubuya kwakhe eChile (1939) waba lilungu leQela lamaKomanisi. Ngo-1945, waba yimbongi yokuqala ukufumana iBhaso leSizwe laseChile loNcwadi.

Iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela

UNeruda wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu ukugxeka iingxaki zoluntu zexesha lakhe, ezamzisela ukungqubana neqela eliphambili lezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, kwafuneka acele indawo yokuhlala eArgentina, kamva wabalekela eMexico. Ngexesha lokuqala le-1950s wayetyelele i-USSR, China kunye ne-Mpuma Yurophu. Ufumene ibhaso likaNobel kuNcwadi ngo-1971.

Kwakuloo nyaka kwangoko warhoxa kwisikhundla sokuba ngumongameli waseChile exhasa uSalvador Allende. Umongameli omtsha wammisela ukuba abe ngunozakuzaku eParis. Nangona kunjalo, wanyanzelwa ukuba abuyele eSantiago egula kakhulu kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Ukongeza, ukubhubha kuka-Allende ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla kuka-Augusto Pinochet kwamchaphazela kakhulu. Uswelekile umbongi ngoSeptemba 23, 1973.

Uhlalutyo Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo

Ubume kunye nesimbo

Le ngqokelela yemibongo yenziwe ngemibongo engamashumi amabini angenasihloko, ngaphandle kwe "Ingoma enomdla." Ukuba isicatshulwa sivavanywa sisonke, into enombhalo kule ncwadi ayisiye mfazi uthile, yinto yearchetype yendalo iphela. Oko kukuthi, umntu othandekayo ngokuchasene nomntu onothando (umbhali). Ukongeza, uNeruda ngokwakhe wabhengeza ukuba ekwakhiweni kwakhe wavusa iinkumbulo zokutyumza kwakhe ulutsha.

Ngokuphathelele isitayela, Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla ubungqina beempawu ezibanzi zenkqubo yanamhlanje yokubhala. Ewe, isicatshulwa sibonisa iimpawu zobume obutsha kwiivesi, umculo ophawuleka kakhulu kunye nezinye iidosi zokuxabiseka. Nangona kunjalo, ukubalasela kwalo msebenzi kwaba sisalathiso seembongi zamva.

Izixhobo

• Uqikelelo lweequartet zaseAlexandria.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweevesi kubugcisa obukhulu kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, kuma-Alexandria.
• Ukuhonjiswa kwesingqisho se-assonance.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-sdrújulas kunye namagama abukhali embindini weevesi zobugcisa obukhulu.

Izihloko

Uthando, umnqweno ohamba kunye neenkumbulo, kunye nokushiya ziimvakalelo ezinokubakho kuyo yonke incwadi. Ngendlela enye, Ukungeniswa kwemibongo kulayishwe i-eroticism evela phakathi kwabathandi abancinci abancinci (kunye nabangenangqondo). Kwangelo xesha, imbongi ithumela ukungabikho kokulibala kunye nesigqubuthelo sayo esithuleyo lonke uvakalelo olwenziweyo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Umzimba womfazi uphathwa njengendawo echumileyo efanele ukuphononongwa nokuhlwayelwa. Apho umnqweno wokunxibelelana naye awonelisekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ke, iminqweno yesithethi esinothando (indoda efuna umhlaba ukuze iwulime) ihlala ihleli.

Isiqwenga:

Umzimba womfazi, iinduli ezimhlophe, amathanga amhlophe,

uyafana nehlabathi kwisimo sakho sokunikezela.

Umzimba wam umlimi wasendle ujongela phantsi wena

kwaye yenza unyana atsibe ukusuka emazantsi omhlaba.

Ndandifana nje netonela. Iintaka zandibaleka

kwaye kum ubusuku bangena kuhlaselo lwayo olunamandla ”.

Uthando kunye nentliziyo ebuhlungu

Imbongi ibonisa rhoqo ukungqubana kwayo malunga nokulibala kunye nokukhumbula ngokusebenzisa izikweko ezinxulumene nobusuku nobumnyama. Ngokuphikisana, Umfazi othandekayo ukhumbula izandi zendalo, ubuhle besibhakabhaka, iinkwenkwezi kunye nentliziyo ebethayo yobomi evuswe nguye.. Phambi komfazi wakhe, imbongi inikezela ngehlombe.

Yinqwenela ngelizwi

Isithembiso ngasinye esikhutshwe sisithethi sidinga amagama achanekileyo anokufikelela kuphela kwingqwalaselo kunye nomzimba womfazi othandekayo. Ngokwenyani, ibinzana ngebinzana imbongi isondela kwindlebe yemazi yayo ngokuzimisela okuqinisekileyo ukufikelela kwingcinga yayo. Eli nqaku libonakala kule snippet ilandelayo:

Phambi kwakho bahlala kwindawo yokuhlala wedwa,

kwaye baqhele ukudana kwam kunawe.

Ngoku ndifuna ukuba bathethe le ndifuna ukukuxelela yona

ukuze ubabaze ngendlela endifuna undive ngayo ”.

Isenzi sisidibanisi

Igama liba yimfuno engenakuphepheka yesifundo esinothando. Ke ngoko, isenzi simi njengesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuguqula umzimba ongenanto ube yinto ephilayo kwaye iyachuma. Okwangoku, uthando olusulungekileyo-olukhululekileyo kuyo yonke iminqweno yenyama- luzibonakalisa njengesona sidingo sigqithisileyo sothando.

Uloyiko lokushiywa

Ekugqibeleni, UNeruda ujongana nentliziyo ebuhlungu kumabinzana abonisa uloyiko olusisiseko lomntu: ukuziva ulahliwe. Emva koko, iinkumbulo zentlungu edlulileyo zivela njengomthwalo othwalwa ngumthandi engaqondanga kwaye awulungiselele umfundi le ngoma imbi. Nanga amanye amabinzana avela kulo mbongo ukhankanywe apha ngasentla:

"Uginye yonke into, njengomgama.

Njengolwandle, njengemozulu. Yonke into ngawe yaphukelwa ngumkhombe.