Isicatshulwa sikaEdgar Allan Poe.
Ukuthetha ngamabali ka-Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) kukuphonononga umsebenzi womnye wababhali abangafi boncwadi lwesiNgesi. Nangona wasweleka eselula ngokwentelekiso—eneminyaka engama-40 ubudala—ukwazile ukupapasha amabali angamashumi amabini anesithandathu, imibongo engamashumi amathathu anesibini, izincoko ezilithoba ezigxekayo, kunye nenoveli. Phakathi kwezo, iimfihlakalo zakhe ezimfutshane kunye namabali othusayo adume kakhulu.
Kwakhona, Umbhali waseBostonian uthathwa njengomanduleli weentlobo ezimbini zokubalisa: inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenoveli yentsomi yesayensi. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukubaleka impembelelo kaPoe kubabhali abaninzi kunye namagcisa. Enyanisweni, impembelelo yakhe kwinkcubeko eyaziwayo (ingakumbi ecacileyo kwi-archetype yomcuphi wanamhlanje) iyaqhubeka nanamhla.
Isishwankathelo samabali amahlanu anemifuziselo ka-Edgar Allan Poe
"Iphupha"
ukuphupha -igama lokuqala ngesiNgesi-yayiyibali lokuqala elapapashwa ngumbhali waseMntla Melika, owatyikitya ngo "P" olula. Ibali lithwalwa ngumbalisi wokuqala owafumana iimeko ezixubeneyo zokuvuka nokuphupha. kunye namaxesha okukhanya kunye nethemba. Uninzi lwamaphupha e-protagonist amnyama, abanye bahle kakhulu, kodwa akukho namnye kubo ongaqhelekanga kuye.
Ngaxeshanye, Umbalisi uziva engonwabanga bubomi bakhe bokwenyani, apho aphethe ukuphelelwa lithemba okucacileyo kunye nokuncamathela okuyityhefu kwixesha elidlulileyo.. Uba nemincili kuphela xa evukile xa ukukhanya kumkhokelela kwimvakalelo eyakhayo nenyulu. Ekugqibeleni, isithethi sinikela intsingiselo engakumbi kuloo mibono iqaqambileyo yasemini kunokukhanya kwakusasa emva kwamaphupha amabi.
"Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwesitrato se-morgue"
Ukubulawa kwabantu kwiMorgue yaseRue Sisicatshulwa esisisiseko sohlobo lwenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho. Isizathu: UAuguste Dupin, umcuphi wokuqala wale mihla kwintsomi, waziswa okokuqala kweli bali. Ngokunjalo, lo mlinganiswa ngumzekelo osisiseko womphandi osekwe kuhlalutyo olunengqiqo kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi lokusombulula amatyala.
Ibali limalunga nokubulawa ngenkohlakalo kwabasetyhini ababini ababekwigumbi elitshixwayo. Emva koko uDupin ungene esenzweni xa umntu osondeleyo kuye eyilelwe ukubulala. Ukucombulula imfihlakalo, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa indlela umenzi wobubi aphunyuke ngayo, ukumisela imvelaphi yobundlobongela obuninzi kwaye uchaze ilizwi elingaqondakaliyo ngolwimi lwasemzini ukuba amangqina adidekile avile.
"Imfihlakalo kaMarie Rogêt"
Imfihlelo kaMarie Roget imele ukubonakala kwesibini kuka-Auguste Dupin (owesithathu nowokugqibela wayekwi "The Purloined Letter"). Iyelenqe liqala ngo-1841 ngokufunyanwa komzimba kaMary Rogers —intombazana eyaziwayo enomtsalane eyayisebenza kwivenkile yecuba— kumlambo i-hudson. Ukufa kuvuselela umdla woluntu kunye nokuvela kweethiyori ezahlukeneyo, ukuhleba kunye nobungqina bobuxoki.
Ukongezelela, ukuzibulala kwendoda awayeza kutshata nayo uMary kwandisa uqikelelo. Ngaphambi koko, UDupin ukhokelela umfundi ngesandla kulwakhiwo oluneenkcukacha lokubulala, ukusuka kwilungiselelo lempahla yexhoba ukuya ekuthuthweni kwayo emlanjeni. Ngesi sizathu, ezinye izifundiswa zichonga kweli bali iinjongo ezimbini: ezikrelekrele kunye nezemfundo.
"Ikati emnyama"
Ekuqaleni, umlinganiswa oyintloko—osentolongweni—uzibanga enengqondo xa echaza indlela ubukho bakhe obanda ngayo amadangatye. Ngokufanayo, lo mlingiswa ubanga ukuba ungumthandi wezilwanyana ukususela ebuntwaneni (uthando olwabelana ngalo nomfazi wakhe). Ngenxa yoko, yena neqabane lakhe babenekhaya elizele zizilwanyana, kuquka nekati emnyama ekrelekrele kakhulu egama linguPluto.
Nangona kunjalo, xa wayesela utywala waba ndlongondlongo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwentetho kwiqabane lakhe nakwizilwanyana zasekhaya. Inkohlakalo yayithathela ingqalelo le ndoda kunye nekati kwaye yaqala ukuthandabuza yonke into ekufutshane nayo. Ngale ndlela, imeko eyandayo emnyama isetwa ekhokelela ngokuqinisekileyo kwisiphumo sokunyusa iinwele.
"Intliziyo yokuthetha"
Intliziyo yokubalisa ulandela umbalisi ongaziwayo nongathembekanga ogxininisa kwingqondo yakhe nangona esanda kubulala ixhego “ngelihlo lexhalanga”. Yayisisenzo sokubulala esingenanceba; Emva kokuyidla, i-protagonist yakrazula umzimba ibe yiziqwenga kwaye yafihla iziqwenga phantsi kweebhodi zomgangatho.
Nangona kunjalo, ityala libangela ukuba umbalisi azinikele ngenxa yokubona izinto ezingekhoyo; Kucingelwa ukuba, umbulali unokukuva ukubetha kwentliziyo kamfi. Ngaphandle koko, Ulwalamano phakathi kwexhoba kunye nomenzi wobubi alwenziwa lucace, okanye nentsingiselo yeliso elingaqhelekanga. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkcukacha zolwaphulo-mthetho zivezwa ngokweenkcukacha.
Malunga nombhali, uEdgar Allan Poe
Ukuzalwa kunye nobuntwana
Umlobi kaEdgar Allan.
EBoston, Massachusetts, ngoLwesine, ngoJanuwari 9, 1809, uEdgar Allan Poe wazalwa. Wayengoyena mncinane kubantwana abathathu abazalwa nguDavid Poe Omnci. waseBaltimore noElizabeth Arnold Poe baseBritani (bobabini babengabadlali). Inyaniso, imbongi ayizange ibazi abazali bayokuhle Utata walishiya ikhaya emva nje kokuba ezelwe umbhali kunye umama wabulawa sisifo sephepha ngo-1812.
Ngesi sizathu, u-Edgar omncinci wachitha bonke ubuntwana bakhe kunye nokufikisa kwakhe eRichmond, eVirginia. apho kwayeWayephantsi koqeqesho lukaJohn Allan, umrhwebi wecuba ophumelelayo, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, uFrances, awakha ubuhlobo obusenyongweni naye. Kwelinye icala, ubudlelwane kunye nomqeqeshi wakhe kwakunzima, kuba wayefuna ukuba uPoe aqhubeke neshishini losapho ngaphandle kobizo lobumbongi obubonakalayo kwinkwenkwe.
Izifundo zaseYunivesithi, iimpapasho zokuqala kunye namava omkhosi
1826, UPoe waqala ukuya kwiYunivesithi yaseVirginia, apho wafumana amanqaku abalaseleyo. Kodwa akazange afumane mali yaneleyo kuAllan—ngokuqinisekileyo, imicimbi yezemali ibisoloko ibangela ukungavisisani phakathi kombhali nomhlohli wakhe—ukuze ahlawule izifundo zakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umfana weencwadi waqala ukungcakaza, kodwa waphela enetyala kwaye kwafuneka abuyele endlwini yabafundisi bakhe.
EVirginia, kwafikelelwa umva omtsha: ummelwane kunye nentombi awayeza kutshata nayo, uSarah Elmira Royster, wayethembisene ngomtshato nomnye. Ndidakumbile, UPoe wahlala ixesha elifutshane eNorfolk ngaphambi kokufika kwakhe eBoston, apho wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala: Tamerlane kunye neminye imibongo (1827). Kwakuyixesha elinzima lemali kuye; waqala wazama ukuziphilisa ngobuntatheli waza wabhalisa kuMkhosi wase-US.
umshado
Ngexesha le-1930s uPoe wasebenza njengentatheli kunye nomgxeki ecaleni kweenjongo zakhe eziqinileyo zokuzixhasa ngokubhala kuphela. Uninzi lwemveliso yakhe yoncwadi lwenziwa ukusuka 1835 ndiyabulela kwinkxaso yamadoda angoosozigidi abafana noJohn P. Kennedy. Kwangaloo nyaka watshata nomzala wakhe oneminyaka eli-13 ubudala, uVirginia Eliza Clemm (nangona irekhodi libonisa ukuba wayeneminyaka engama-21).
Iminyaka edlulileyo
Ngokwenene Beka akazange azinzise iimali zakhe; wayesoloko ekhotyokiswa butywala (ngokukodwa ukukhotyokiswa butywala). Ngaphezu koko, xa umfazi wakhe wabulawa sisifo sephepha ngowe-1847, esi sibini sasikwimeko embi kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, emva kweenzame ezininzi ezingazange ziphumelele ukutshata kwakhona, imbongi yasweleka ngo-Oktobha 7, 1849 ngenxa yezizathu ezingazange zicaciswe ngokupheleleyo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje.
Onke amabali ka-Edgar Allan Poe
- "Iphupha", ngo-1831
- eMetzengerstein, ngo-1832
- "Umbhalo-ngqangi ofunyenwe ebhotileni", ngo-1833
- "UKumkani weSibetho", ngo-1835
- UBernice, ngowe-1835
- Ligeia, ngo-1838
- "Ukuwa kweNdlu ka-Usher", ngo-1839
- UWilliam Wilson, ngo-1839
- "Indoda yesihlwele", ngo-1840
- "Ukuhla kwiMaelström", ngo-1841
- "Ukubulawa kweRue Morgue", ngo-1841
- "I-Masque yokuFa okuBomvu", ngo-1842
- Umngxuma kunye nePendulum, ngo-1842
- "I-Oval Portrait", ngo-1842
- "I-Golden Beetle", ngo-1843
- "Imfihlakalo kaMarie Rogêt", ngo-1843
- "Ikati emnyama", ngo-1843
- "Intliziyo yokuThelisa", ngo-1843
- "Ibhokisi oblong", 1844
- "Ileta yePurloined", ngo-1844
- "Ukungcwatywa kwangaphambi kwexesha", ngo-1844
- "Idemon yokuGqwetha", ngo-1845
- "Inyaniso malunga nemeko kaMnu Valdemar", ngo-1845
- "INkqubo kaGqr Tarr kunye noNjingalwazi Fether", ngo-1845
- "I-Cask yase-Amontillado", ngo-1846
- "Hop-Frog", 1849.