Yenzelwe bani iBell

Yenzelwe bani iBell yenye yeenoveli ezibalaseleyo zombhali waseMelika kunye nentatheli u-Ernest Hemingway. Inguqulelo yayo yoqobo ngesiNgesi-Yeyiphi i-Bell Toll-Yapapashwa eNew York ngo-Okthobha u-1940. Ngo-1999, umsebenzi waqukwa kuluhlu lwe "Iincwadi ezili-100 zenkulungwane", Yenziwe liphephandaba laseParis Le Monde.

Ingxelo yenzeka kunyaka wesibini weMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain; ngalo mzuzu, umlinganiswa ophambili kuyo uhlala ebalini lothando phakathi kwembambano. Ibhaso leNoveli loNcwadi lenze le noveli isekwe kumava akhe obuchwephesha njengombhaleli wemfazwe. Ukongeza, wayebandakanya izihloko ezithile zobuqu, ezinjengobuzwe kunye nokuzibulala kukatata wakhe. Inguqulelo yencwadi yeSpanish yapapashwa ngo-1942 eBuenos Aires (eArgentina)

Isishwankathelo se Yenzelwe bani iBell

Uhlaselo lokuqala

Ngentsasa yango-Meyi 30, 1937, amaRiphabhlikhi enza uhlaselo lwangaphambi kokuhlaselwa kukaSegovia. Emva kwempumelelo yolu hlaselo, uGeneral Golz unika umsebenzi obalulekileyo ­kwivolontiya laseMelika kunye nengcali yeziqhushumbisi, URobert Jordan. Uyaziswa ukuba Kufuneka uvuthele ibhulorho ukunqanda uhlaselo olunokwenzeka ngabemi.

Umsebenzi uyaqala

UmMelika uya eSierra de Guadarrama, beka kufutshane ne umsele wotshaba, Apho unokhokelo lwejoni elidala u-Anselmo. URobert kufuneka aqhakamshelane namaqela abhukuqa akummandla ukuze amncede kulo msebenzi. Ekuqaleni udibana noPablo, okhokela iqela labanqolobi, kodwa, kwimeko yokuqala, akavumelani neJordani.

Kule ntlanganiso kukwakho nenkosikazi kaPablo - uPilar—, othi, emva kokwala kweqabane lakhe, azityhile, aqinisekise eli qela kwaye abe yinkokheli entsha. Ukubakho, IJordani idibana noMaria, ibhinqa eliselula elihle elikwaziyo ukumthimba xa ulibona kuqala. Ngelixa baceba uhlaselo, uthando luzalwa phakathi kwabo bobabini, kangangokuba uRobert uphupha ngekamva kunye nenkazana entle.

Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo

Cwangcisa ukudibanisa

Ngenjongo yokuqinisa isicwangciso, iJordani yadibana nabanye abanqolobi abakhokelwa ngu-El Sordo, naye ovumileyo ukusebenzisana. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, URobert uqala ukothuka, njengoko yonke into ikhomba kwimishini yokuzibulala. Ke, eli qela lama-patriots lenza iinjongo zalo kunye nenjongo efanayo: ukukhusela iRiphabhlikhi kuma-fascists, nokwenza yonke into ngaphandle kokufa emfazweni.

Uhlalutyo Yenzelwe bani iBell

Ubume nohlobo lombalisi

Ngubani dobNdikhalisa iintsimbi Incwadana yemfazwe enamaphepha angama-494 asasazwa kwizahluko ezingama-43. Hemingway Usebenzise umbalisi womntu wesithathu owaziyo, Oxelela iyelenqe ngeengcinga kunye neenkcazo zomntu ophambili.

Abalingiswa

URobert Jordan

Ungutitshala waseMelika kunyaka ophelileyo ojoyine umzabalazo weRiphabhlikhi kwiMfazwe yamakhaya. Ukhethe njenge-dynamiter kwaye ke kufuneka enze umsebenzi obalulekileyo kungquzulwano. Embindini womsebenzi uthandana noMaría, omenza atshintshe umbono wakhe ngobomi bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezo mvakalelo zigqityiwe yimeko yokufa ejikeleze ibali.

María

Uyinkedama eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala owasindiswa liqela likaPablo, yiyo loo nto engumlindi kaPilar. Waphathwa kakubi ngama-fascists, awamchebayo kwaye washiya uphawu. UMaría uyathandana noRobert, bobabini baphila iintsuku ezinomdla, kunye nezicwangciso ezininzi kunye, kodwa ikamva liyatshona ngenxa yemishini eyabelwe utitshala waseMelika.

I-Anselmo

Yindoda eneminyaka engama-68 ubudala, iqabane elithembekileyo laseJordani, elithembekileyo kwiminqweno yakhe kunye nabantu bakowabo. Imalunga nomlinganiswa obalulekileyo kwimbaliNgenxa enkosi ngoncedo lwakhe, ophambili uyakwazi ukuqhagamshelana Pablo.

Pablo

Uyinkokeli yeqela labanqolobi. Kangangexesha elide wayeyingcali yeqhinga, kodwa utyhubela ingxaki eyamkhokelela ekubeni abenengxaki notywala, ukuba abenokrokrela kwaye enobuqhophololo, yiyo loo nto ephulukana nobunkokheli ngaphambili.

UPilar

Nguye Umfazi kaPablo, umfazi owomeleleyo, okhaliphileyo nolwayo; icace gca kwinkolelo yakhe. Ngaphandle kobunzima bakhe, ungumntu olungileyo okhuthaza ukuzithemba kwabanye. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba angabinangxaki ekuthatheni iintambo zeqela xa ejongene nobunzima bukaPablo.

Ulungelelwaniso

Emva kwempembelelo yencwadi, Kwi-1943 ifilimu enegama elifanayo kwinoveli yakhutshwa, yaveliswa yiParamount Pictures kwaye yayalelwa nguSam Wood. Abona bantu babephambili kuyo yayingu: Gary Cooper -wayedlala uRobert Jordan- kunye no-Ingrid Bergman- abadlala indawo kaMaria. Ukudubula kwaba yimpumelelo ye-cinematic kwaye kwamkelwa amagama alithoba e-Oscar.

Curiosities

Iingoma kwimbeko yenoveli

Iibhanti ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zenza iingoma zomculo ngembeko yomsebenzi. Aba zezi:

• Iqela laseMelika iMetallica lenze ingoma ngo-1984 ingoma ethi "Ngubani uBell Tolls" okwi-albhamu Khwela uMbane
• Ngo-1993, iqela lase-Bhritane u-Bee Gees wakhupha ingoma ethi "Ngubani Ohlawula Iintsimbi" kwi-albhamu yabo. Ubungakanani ayisiyiyo yonke into
• Ngo-2007, i-albhamu yabo yongezwa kwiqela laseSpain iLos Muertos de Cristo ILibertarian Rhapsody Volume II, Umxholo: "Ngubani Ohlawulwa Yintsimbi"

Igama lenoveli

Incwadi kaHemingway ibhalwe ukuba yincwadi ephefumlelwe liqhezu elithathwe emsebenzini Ukuzinikela (1623) yimbongi uJohn Donne. Esi siqwenga sinesihloko esithi "Ngengxolo yabo ecothayo bathi: uzakufa", inxalenye yayo iqhubeka ithi: "Ukufa kwakhe nawuphi na umntu kuyandinciphisa ngenxa yokuba ndibandakanyeka kuhlanga loluntu; ke ngoko, ungaze uthumele ukubuza ukuba yeyiphi le ntlawulo ibiza yona; bakuphinda kabini ”.

Sobre el autor

Umbhali kunye nentatheli u-Ernest Miller Hemingway wazalwa ngoJulayi 21, 1899 e-Illinois (eUnited States). Abazali bakhe yayinguClarence Edmonds Hemingway kunye noGrace Hall Hemingway, abantu abahlonitshwayo e-Oak Park. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela kwizifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakamileyo, wabandakanya iklasi yobuntatheli. Apho wenza amanqaku aliqela kwaye ngo-1916 wakwazi ukupapasha enye yezi kwiphephandaba lesikolo iTrapeze.

Ngo-1917, waqala amava akhe njengentatheli kwiphephandaba IKansas City Star. Emva kwexesha, waya kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala njengomqhubi we-ambulensi, kodwa kungekudala wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe esiya kusebenza kwezinye iindaba. Ngo-1937, wathunyelwa njengomnxibelelanisi wemfazwe eSpain, apho wabona ubungqina beemfazwe ezininzi zelo xesha kwaye kangangeminyaka wayehambahamba kwihlabathi liphela.

U-Hemingway wadibanisa umsebenzi wakhe njenge ntatheli kunye nokuthanda kwakhe njengombhali, inoveli yakhe yokuqala: Amanzi entwasahlobo, yavela ngo-1926. Yiyo ke le nto wazisa ngemisebenzi elishumi elinambini, apho eyakhe yapapashwa yokugqibela ebomini: Indoda endala nolwandle (Ngo-1952). Ndiyabulela kule ngxelo, umbhali ufumene ibhaso likaPulitzer ngo-1953 kwaye wawongwa ngebhaso likaNobel kuLwazi ngo-1954.

Iinoveli zombhali

• Imijelo Yentwasahlobo (1926)
• Ilanga libuye libuye (1926)
• Ndlelantle kwiiArms (1929)
• Ukuba unayo kwaye awunayo (1937)
• Yeyiphi i-Bell Toll (1940).
• Ngaphesheya koMlambo kunye neMithi (1950)
• Indoda endala nolwandle (1952)
• Iziqithi kuMsinga (1970)
• Umyezo wase-Eden (1986)
• Kuyinyani ekuKhanyeni kokuQala (1999)