Udonga lodonga lweBerlin
Urhano lukaSofia (2019) yimbali yamabali ayinyani eyenziwe ngumbhali waseSpain uPaloma Sánchez-Garnica. Ibali lihamba phakathi kwamaxesha amabini afanelekileyo eSpain naseJamani kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Kwelinye icala: uFrancoism ongasekhoyo eMadrid; kwelinye: iminyaka ngaphambi kokuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin kwikomkhulu laseJamani.
Umbhali waseMadrid usebenzisa eli thuba ukuya balisa ngendima yabasetyhini emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain. Ngaxeshanye, isenzo sichaza iqhinga elinomdla leentlola ezijikeleze udonga lwekhonkrithi olwahlula iintsapho zaseBerlin ukusuka ngo-1961 ukuya kowe-1989.
Isishwankathelo se Urhano lukaSofia
yokuqalisa
Madrid, 1968; Uzwilakhe lukaFranco lukwiminyaka yalo yokugqibela. Pha, UDaniel noSofía Sandoval benza umtshato ngobukho obuzolileyo. Kwisandle esinye, Nguye kuphela umntwana wegqwetha uRomualdo Sandoval, Umlawuli wenkampani yamagqwetha edume ngokuthandana kwe "Generalissimo." Le meko ivelisa umyeni kwizakhiwo ezithile ezivela kuthelekiso noyise.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, USofia ngumfazi okrelekrele kakhulu, ngomthamo omkhulu wesayensi (ukongeza, utata wakhe sisazinzulu). Nangona kunjalo, yena -Njengoninzi lwabasetyhini belo xesha-- akanazigqibo zakhe. Ngapha koko, naluphi na usapho okanye isicwangciso sabucala sixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulwamkelo lomyeni wakho onengqondo.
Ileta
Inkqubo yemihla ngemihla USofia UDaniel kunye neentombi zakhe ezimbini baphuma kusapho olutyebileyo olungenaxhala. Nangona kunjalo, emazantsi ezantsi, yena hayi le ngokupheleleyo wanelisekile bubomi bakhe njengesibini. Ngaphezu koko, lo mfazi wabeka ecaleni uqeqesho lwaseyunivesithi Ukuzinikela ngokukodwa kumsebenzi wasekhaya kunye nokonwabisa iqabane lakhe.
Yonke into iyatshintsha Ngokubanzi xa uDaniel efumana ileta kumthumeli ongaziwayo ngolwazi oluphazamisayo malunga nomama wakhe amthandayo, Umnquba. Le leta ibonisa ukuba akangomama wakhe wokwenyani.... Ukuba unqwenela ukwazi inyani, kuya kufuneka aye eParis kwangoko, ngobo busuku. Kwakhona, uphawu oluphambili luyavela kwiziganeko ezilandelayo: UKlaus.
Amaxesha embali
Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, daniel Ubuza utata wakhe malunga nomcimbi, kodwa owokugqibela ucebisa ukuba ashiye elidlulileyo lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, isilumkiso sikaRomualdo sonyusa ukungaqiniseki kwendlalifa yakhe, ngubani ayithathi thuba lide ukuba inyamalale. Ngale ndlela, USofia uqala ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kwisiqingatha seYurophu ukufumanisa phi kwaye ngakumbi kutheni yakho umyeni akasekho.
EParis zikhutshwa ukubonakaliswa kwe ubizile Ngamana isiFrentshi - esona sitrayikhi sikhulu sakha sabonwa eNtshona Yurophu. Ngelo xesha, incwadi ichaza ngokweenkcukacha intrahistory ye Isakhelo sezopolitiko nezentlalo sexesha, hayi kuphela kummandla weGallic, ikakhulu eBerlin eyahlulwe ngodonga nasekupheleni kweFranco Madrid.
Urhano
Izinto zobuqhetseba ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kweKGB kunye neStasi zongeza kurhano lwenethiwekhi esele inzima kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, Iinkonzo zobuntlola kwinkonzo yolawulo lukaFranco zinenxaxheba enkulu. Konke oku kuzaliswa ngokugqibeleleyo kukuzonwabisa okunobuchule kukaPaloma Sánchez-Garnica kuseto lwembali.
Uhlalutyo
Enye yeempawu ezintle zombhali waseSpain kulwakhiwo lwabalinganiswa bakhe. Ngaphezulu, ukumelwa kwabalinganiswa abaphambili kubunzulu bengqondo bomntu wokwenene. Ngenxa yoko, umfundi ufumanisa njengezithembekileyo iimvakalelo zikaSofia noDaniel, kunye nokubandezeleka, uloyiko, ubuhle kunye neziphene zawo onke amalungu ebali.
Ekugqibeleni, iyelenqe (elisengqiqweni) iyelenqe kunye nokurhanela iyelenqe lokuhlola lihlangana ngaphandle komthungo Ngotshintsho olushukumisayo lothando lwesibini saseSandoval. Ngokuvala, Urhano lukaSofia ushiya umyalezo kwindalo iphela: ukuba umntu uhlala ecinezelwe phantsi kolawulo lobuzwilakhe (UDaniel eFranco, Klaus eMpuma Jamani) ngekhe akwazi ukuhlala nentlalo-ntle yokwenyani.
Njani ukuba ibali Sofia wazalwa
Amava akho
USánchez-Garnica uxelele iphephandaba ABC Ngo-2019 abaye banikela ubungqina kumntu wokuqala Yonke inkqubo yotshintsho kwidemokrasi ibe emva kokubhubha kukaFranco. Ngokuphathelene noku, wathi: “Khange sivuke ngengomso njengelizwe ledemokhrasi, kuthathe umzamo omkhulu kunye nentambo ye-bobbin. Ekugqibeleni, noMgaqo-siseko, safikelela kwisivumelwano sokuqhubela phambili ”.
Kwangokunjalo, umbhali waseSpain wayeseBerlin ngosuku olwandulela ukudilizwa kwabantu ababizwa njalo Ukuchasana ne-Antifaschistischer Schutzwall -UluKhuselo loKhuselo loKhuselo- yi-GDR. Ngokunjalo, kwikomkhulu laseJamani wazibonela ngawakhe amacala aphikisanayo macala omabini kolona lwakhiwo lokomfuziselo loMlo obandayo, i eSchandmauer okanye iWall of Shame, njengoko yayibhaptizwa kwicala lasentshona.
Ukuphefumlelwa kunye nezitayile
Emva kokukhululwa Ukusola kukaSofia, Umbhali waseIberia wathi uphefumlelwe ngababhali abahlukeneyo belizwe nabangaphandle Ngexesha lokubhalwa. Phakathi kwezicatshulwa ekubhekiselwe kuzo zezi UColonel Chabert (Ngo-1832) ngu-Honoré de Balzac, Umfazi kaMartin Guerre (1941) nguJanet Lewis kunye UBerta Isla (2017) ka UJavier Marias.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, uSánchez-Garnica ukwazile ukudibanisa ezinye zeempawu zesitayile seenoveli ezintathu ezikhankanyiweyo. Ezi zinto ziyancomeka kwiakhawunti yomntu wesithathu edibanisa ngokwendalo imicimbi edlulileyo neyangoku. Iziphumo zincwadi ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathandathu amaphepha ngamandla okuloba kubafundi ukusuka kumgca wokuqala ukuya kwelokugqibela.
Malunga nombhali, uPaloma Sánchez-Garnica
UPaloma Sánchez-Garnica
Ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumbhali ngokusesikweni, uPaloma Sánchez-Garnica (Madrid, 1962) wayezigqwetha, njengoko enesidanga kwezomthetho, kwiJografi nakwiMbali. SUncwadi olwaqala ngo-2006 nge IArcanum enkulu. Emva koko, ngo-2009 yaqala ukwamkelwa kwilizwe lakhe mbulelo upapasho olunempumelelo lwe Umoya wasempuma.
Emva koko bavela Umphefumlo wamatye (2010), Amanxeba amathathu (2012) kunye Sonata sokuthula (2014). Ukungcwaliswa ngokuqinisekileyo kweza nokuqaliswa kwe Inkumbulo yam yomelele kunokulibala kwakho, ophumelele imbasa yenoveli kaFernando Lara ka-2016. Ngesi sizathu, umbhali uzamile ukulungiselela kakuhle ukugcina ibha ephezulu kwincwadi yakhe elandelayo: Urhano lukaSofia.