NgoJuni 22, 1928, eCortijo de Fraile de Níjar, kwindawo yangoku iCabo de Gata Natural Park eAlmería, kwenzeka into ebuhlungu. Ngokukodwa, umtshato ophelise intlekele xa umtshakazi ethathe isigqibo sokubaleka nendoda awayethandana nayo. Isiganeko sokwenyani esiya kukhuthaza owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo kaFederico García Lorca: Umtshato wegazi.
Amagqabantshintshi oMtshato weGazi
Kwidolophu yaseAndalusiya, wonke umntu ukulungele bhiyozela umtshato oza kutyhila iimfihlakalo kunye neengxabano zeentsapho ezimbini. Kwelinye icala, usapho lomyeni luqulathe umama olahlekelwe ngumyeni wakhe kunye nomnye wabantwana bakhe ngenxa kaFeliks, unyana wakhe uLeonardo usathandana nomtshakazi.
Imeko etshisa umtshato othi, nangona uyenzeka, uphele kabuhlungu xa umakoti uthatha isigqibo sokubaleka noLeonardo. Inqwelomoya edibanisa yonke idolophu, kunye nomyeni njengowona mlandeli uphambili wehlathi.
Okokugqibela, ibali liphela nge ukusweleka koMyeni noLeonardo, abagqibela ukuphela ngelixa inyanga ilele phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Umtshakazi uyasinda, esiba sesona sifo sikukufa kunye nomfazi kaLeonard.
Esi siphelo, esaziwa ngabo bonke, sicinga ngokuvela kwebali eliqhubekayo kwi-crescendo, Igcwele zonke iintsomi ze-Andalusia ezichithe uLorca ekwimeko yobabalo. Izinto eziphindaphindayo zidityaniswe nenkuthazo ezelwe ngenxa yoshicilelo ebalisa ibali likaFrancisca Cañadas, owathi ngobusuku obunye ngoJulayi 1928 wabaleka nomzala wakhe uFrancisco Montes, uthando lobomi bakhe, emtshatweni osandula ukubhiyozelwa nesithandwa sakhe, uCasimiro, usapho lwakhe luzamile ukumtshata ukuze ikhazi lakhe liwele endaweni elungileyo.
Abalinganiswa boMtshato weGazi
Umtshato wegazi wenziwe ngabalinganiswa abaphambili kunye nabasesekondari:
- Isoka: Ngaphandle kokungazi kakuhle, uyindoda enomdla kakhulu, ngenxa yoko akakwazi kuyinyamezela imbono yokubona umlingane wakhe ezandleni zenye indoda. Kuye, ukuthanda kwakhe umtshakazi kufanekisela inkcazo yothando lokwenene.
- Intombi: Uyanqwenela kwaye uyathandabuza, utsala amakhulu eengxaki kwindawo yonke yomdlalo de kube kuqhuma kwakhe emva komtshato. Ungumlinganiswa ophambili womsebenzi (njengoko kungqinisisiwe kulungelelwaniso lwamva nje, uMtshakazi) kwaye uyazikhusela kwimikhosi yendalo njengesizathu sokuthethelela ukubaleka.
- ULeonardo: I-engile yesithathu kanxantathu ngumzala womtshakazi, athandana naye kakhulu. Utshatile kumzala ka-protagonist, ubona umnqweno wakhe unyuka njengoko ibali liqhubeka de ade athathe isigqibo sokubaleka naye. Ukunganyaniseki, uyathandeka kwaye uchasene nomdlalo.
- Umama: Njengombalisi wesithunzi, umama womyeni uphethe ukugcwalisa zonke izithuba kumxholo ngolwazi olwenza kube lula ukuqonda abanye abalinganiswa kunye nezenzo zabo.
- Umfazi kaLeonardo: Uyazazi iimvakalelo zomyeni wakhe ngomtshakazi, kwangaxeshanye ukuba, kunye nomamazala wakhe, uqikelela intlekele eza kwenzeka ekupheleni komdlalo.
Iimpawu zoMtshato weGazi
Kwimitshato yegazi, iisimboli ezininzi ezazifunyenwe ngaphambili emsebenzini kaLorca zikwasebenza njengabalinganiswa nabaqhubi bebali:
- Inyanga: Iklasikhi yaseLorca, inyanga ihlala inxulunyaniswa nokufa, nangona kwimitshato yegazi ikwasebenza njengelaphu lokucoceka kunye nokubonakaliswa kwegazi kunye nobundlobongela obubonisa imbali.
- Ihashe: Ifanekisela ubungqingili kunye nobudoda.
- Umngqibi: Unxibe oluhlaza, ubonakala kwicandelo lokugqibela lomdlalo ehamba noMtshakazi kwindawo yakhe yokugqibela. Ifuzisela ukufa.
Umtshato wegazi: Imibongo yobundlobongela
ICortijo del Fraile, ukuseta okuphefumlele iBodas de Sangre. Ifoto nguJulen Iturbe.
Umtshato weGazi wazalwa ngokwasasaza esasikhankanyiwe ngaphambili esasibalisa ngeziganeko ezenzeka eNijar ngo-1928, ngakumbi enye yapapashwa nguDiario de Málaga isihloko "Iminqweno yomfazi ibangela ukukhula kwentlekele enegazi apho kuxabisa umntu ubomi bakhe ". Kwakunje U-Lorca uthathe isigqibo sokuthatha imbali njenge ntlekele, uhlobo oluye lwakhulelwa njengeyona ngcambu yeqonga.
Emva kweenyanga zokubhala, ekugqibeleni ngo-Matshi 8, 1933 iBodas de sangre yaqala ukuboniswa kwiBeatriz Theatre eMadrid, yaba yimpumelelo kangangokuba Yayingumdlalo kuphela kaLorca owapapashwa kwincwadi ngo-1935 yindlu yokupapasha i-El Arbol phantsi kwesihloko esithi Umtshato weGazi: Intlekele kwizenzo ezintathu nakwiikota ezisixhenxe.
Zombini kwiinguqu zayo zemidlalo yeqonga kunye noncwadi, uMtshato weGazi uchazwe ngaphakathi izenzo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, ezenziwe ngeefreyimu ezahlukeneyo (eyokuqala ukuya kwisithathu, ngelixa isenzo sesibini nesesithathu sahlulwe saziifreyimu ezimbini). Ulwakhiwo oluvumela ukufudumala okukhulu kwingxelo, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye kubonelela ukurhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo ebalini.
Ukongeza, umsebenzi uya kuba ngumxholo wezinye iziqwengana zeqonga ukongeza kwimidlalo eyahlukeneyo yefilimu, phakathi kwabo eyathathwa yaya kwi-cinema ngo-1938 kunye nomyuziyam waseLorca, uMargarita Xirgu, njenge-protagonist, okanye uMtshakazi, owaqala ngo-2015 nge Inma.Iindleko kwindima ephambili.
Kuthathwa njengenye ye imisebenzi emikhulu kaFederico García LorcaUmtshato wegazi ngoyena mmeli ubalaseleyo wempembelelo yombhali: imeko yosapho enje nge-Andalusian, enombhalo oyimbumba owenza iyelenqe ngokusekwe kwintlekele, uhlobo oluza kutyhilwa nguLorca kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokubulala. sihluthe umlingo ongunaphakade womnye wababhali bembali.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda incwadi Bodas de sangre nguFederico García Lorca? Ungayifumana apha.
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