"La Celestina"NguFernando Rojas, ngumsebenzi omangalisayo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye efanelekileyo kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ibonisa ingxaki yamaxabiso aphakathi kunye nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo ezazibonisa uluntu lwangaphambi koKuvuselelwa.
Kwakuphakathi XV yekhulu xa kwaqala ukuvela isiko ledrama eCastilian, kodwa yayiyimidlalo yeqonga kuphela eyenzeka kwiminyhadala eyaziwayo okanye kwimihla yenkolo efana neCorpus Christi okanye iKrisimesi. Kusekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa itheyetha kwakhona isekomkhulu kumabhotwe ukonwabisa inkundla. Amanani afana noGómez Manrique abonakala, ephawulwa yithiyetha yezenkolo kunye noJuan del Encina, yeqonga lezenkolo nelingahlambulukanga. Nangona kunjalo, owona msebenzi ubalaseleyo kuwo wonke ngeli xesha yayingu "La Celestina", umsebenzi ongaziwayo, kodwa wabhalwa ngumbhali uFernando de Rojas.
Umsebenzi
"La Celestina", kwi amashumi amabini ananye ezenzo, iveza uthando phakathi kukaMelibea noCalisto, ngongenelelo olunomdla ngokuqinisekileyo nguLa Celestina, umpempe omdala.
UFernando de Rojas ngokwakhe uxele ukuba lo msebenzi wawuqamba kwisenzo sokuqala, esele sifunyenwe sibhaliwe. Okwangoku, yamkelwe loo nto "La Celestina" Sisiphumo sababhali ababini: umbhali ongaziwayo ngewayebhale isenzo sokuqala, kunye nomnye umsebenzi, owawuza kuba yingqokelela kaFernando de Rojas.
Umxholo womsebenzi
Ukunyoluka kukaCelestina, umpempe osebenza phakathi kweMelibea kunye noCalisto, akafuni kwabelana ngemivuzo yakhe nabakhonzi bakaCalisto, ngokudibana naye, kukhokelela ekufeni okulusizi.
El uthando phakathi kweCalisto neMelibea ikwalishwa. UCallisto uyasweleka kwaye uyazibulala.
Abalinganiswa bomsebenzi
- Celestine: Ungumlinganiswa ophambili kulo mdlalo kwaye ukwangoyena mntu ucacisiweyo. Eli lixhegwazana elikhohlakeleyo, liyasela, lalisakuba ngunongogo kwaye likhohlisa kakhulu. Ezimbini zezona zinto zinamandla eziqhuba indlela oziphethe ngayo kukuzingca nokubawa. Unamaqhinga, uthetha kakubi ngomlomo, kwaye unamaqhinga.
- ICallisto: Ungumlinganiswa oneempawu ezothusayo (wenza ngendlela kwaye uthetha ngendlela eyahluke ngokupheleleyo). Uthando sisazulu sobukho bakhe kwaye usipeyinta njengoluvo oluhloniphekileyo nolungenabugovu, kodwa njengoko incwadi iqhubeka, izenzo zakhe ziboniswa ziphikisana namazwi akhe.
- IMelibea: Uyintombazana enesimo sokuzimisela. Ekuqaleni uyazikhusela ngothando alubonisayo uCallisto, kodwa ekugqibeleni uyathandana. Xa ebona uCallisto efile, ugqiba kwelokuba azibulale. Ngokungafaniyo noCalisto, uMelibea uyazi ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukungena kubudlelwane obungekho mthethweni kwaye ukuzibulala kwakhe sisiphumo esinye sokulahlwa kwexabiso elimiselweyo.
- Ukuxhasa abadlali: USempronio noPármeno, abakhonzi bakaCallisto; U-Elicia noAreúsa, oonongogo abalawulwa nguCelestina.
Injongo yomsebenzi
UFernando de Rojas, ekwingabula zigcawu yomsebenzi, ubanga ukuba uwubhale ngenjongo yokugxeka izenzo zokungakhathali nezingaqondakaliyo zabathandi, abathi ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo kakubi, bazifaka kwihlazo.
UFernando de Rojas naye uyabhala "La Celestina" ngengqondo ekhoyo yefilosofi, kuba kuye, ubomi ngumzabalazo oqhubekayo obangela kuphela iintlungu kunye nelishwa.
Isiqwenga esifutshane somsebenzi
ISIMEMO: Owu ixhegokazi elibawayo, umqala unxanelwe imali! Awuyi kwaneliswa sisinye kwisithathu sale nto uyizuzileyo?
IECLESTINA: Leliphi icandelo lesithathu? Hamba noThixo endlwini yam wena, kwaye ungakhali, sukuzisa ubumelwane! Sukundenza ndilahlekelwe yingqondo yam, ungafuni ukuba izinto zikaCalisto nezakho ziphume.
ISIMEMO: Nika amazwi okanye ukhwaze, ukuze uzalisekise into oyithembisileyo okanye uzalisekise imihla yakho namhlanje!
UELICIA: Faka ikrele, ngenxa kaThixo! Bamba, Parmeno, bambelela! Ungambulali lowa uphambeneyo!
ICELESTINA: Ezobulungisa, ezomthetho, manene abamelwane; ubulungisa, aba ruffians bandibulala endlwini yam!
SEMPRONIO: Ruffians okanye yintoni? Yima, gqwirha, ndiza kukwenza ukuba uye esihogweni ngoonobumba.
UECLESTINA: Yho, ndifile, oh, oh! Ukuvuma izono, ukuvuma izono!
PÁRMENO: Yinike, yinike; Yigqibe, ulungile! Baza kuziva ngathi! Yifa, ufe; yeentshaba, ubuncinci!