Usuku lweThala leencwadi. Udliwanondlebe nomlawuli kaMario Vargas Llosa

Namhlanje, nge-24 ka-Okthobha Usuku lweThala leencwadi. Ke ndiya ku UMario Vargas LlosaIthala leencwadi ledolophu yam, ILa Solana (iCiudad yokwenene), isalathiso senkcubeko ngokugqwesa ukususela ngo-1955. Phambi kwayo ngumlawuli wayo URamona Serrano Posadas, apho ndibulela ngokusuk 'entliziyweni ixesha endilichithe ndiphendula ezi zinto imibuzo oko kusisondeza kwilizwe lethala leencwadi lasekhaya.

Su imbali kunye nokuvela, ukusebenza kwayo kwemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi yayo okanye ii-anecdotes. URamona Serrano ukwathetha malunga amava akhe njengolayibrari, yakho iingcebiso kwabo bafuna ukubakho kwaye baphela ngolwakhe ukuthanda iincwadi.

1. Ngaba ungasitshela kancinci malunga nokuba ithala leencwadi likamasipala laqala nini ukusebenza ukusuka ekuqaleni kwalo de kwathatha igama likaMario Vargas Llosa?

En 1955 ILa Solana ivule iingcango zayo ilayibrari yokuqala, ibekwe kumgangatho wokuqala we IHolo yaseKapa. Igumbi elincinci kodwa elinesitayile esihle seMudejar esenziwe ngamaplanga eselondolozwe namhlanje kwaye sisetyenziswa njengeGumbi leNtlanganiso. Vula 1975 isiya kwi Indlu yeNkcubeko, Indlu endala yeDolophu eyayikhe yasebenza kude kube lelo xesha njengeziko lesikolo. Sisakhiwo esikhulu esinemigangatho eliqela kunye neThala leencwadi elihlala kulo Umgangatho ongaphantsi, onegumbi lokuhlala eliphangaleleyo kunye negumbi lokugcina elikhulu.

Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva kwakukho Uhlaziyo olukhulu Kwisakhiwo nakwithala leencwadi yandisa iindawo zayo kunye neHolo yoMboniso eyayiguqulwe yenziwa indawo yokushicilela kunye negumbi lokubonisana kunye nokufundela abantu abadala.

Nge millenium entsha kweza i inguqu yekhompyuter kwithala leencwadi. Ngale nkqubo ILiber-Marc Inxalenye enkulu yengqokelela yeencwadi yayikhompyutha. Ukongeza, akusekho zincwadi kwiishelufa zabo kuphela, kodwa unokufikelela kwifayile ye- umculo, ukuya ukuwu- sele sele Internet. Ke iba liziko lolwazi elibalulekileyo.

Kwaye kwi IKrisimesi ka-2009, Njengesipho sooKumkani, ilayibrari izalwa ngokutsha kwindawo entsha kwaye ibhaptizwa njenge UMario Vargas Llosa iThala leeNcwadi likaRhulumente. Ngoku sisakhiwo esikhulu esinemigangatho emithathu echazwe kakuhle: abantwana nolutsha, abantu abadala kunye neziko le-intanethi okanye ithala leencwadi. Kodwa umnqweno uyafana: ukuba ngu ilayibrari iyaphila kwaye igcwele ikamva.

2. Injani imihla ngemihla kwithala leencwadi?

Ndingakuxelela ngokobuqu ukuba yintoni kuyanelisa kakhulu, yonke imihla yahlukile kuleyo ingaphambili. Njengentloko yeziko ndinalo umsebenzi omninzi, (ukufunyanwa, ukukhathaliswa, ukuphononongwa kwemali, ukubalwa kwemali, ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi, iiklabhu zokufunda, utyelelo ezikolweni, iinkonzo zabathengi ...).

Iintsuku ezininzi ugoduka kwaye awukwazi ukunqamla, ingqondo yakho ijolise kwinto oshiye ukuyilinda kwaye kunzima nokuba ulale. Njengakuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi kukho imihla elungileyo neentsuku ezimbi, kodwa ngokubanzi ukuba uyawuthanda umsebenzi, njengokuba kunjalo kwimeko yam eyona nto iphambili ihlala ilungile kunye nokufuna ukuphucula.

3. Ucinga ukuba yeyiphi eyona nguqulelo ibalulekileyo ngokwe teknoloji kunye nokusebenza kule minyaka?

Ngokobuchwephesha siguquke kakhulu. Ukuqala kwam ukusebenza, iirekhodi zeencwadi zazenziwe ngomatshini wokubhala kunye mboleko Eran iincwadi ezibhaliweyo. Emva koko kwafika umshini wokubhala wombane kwaye kamva kamva ikhompyutha yokuqala kunye nenkqubo yokuqala yethala leencwadi (¡¡).

Kwakunjalo enkulungamanye amaxesha uyacaphukisa, umsebenzi we kudlulisa yonke idatha ukusuka kwiirekhodi zesandla ukuya kwinkqubo yekhompyuter (nganye nganye). Kwaye xa sele siyoyisile, umgaqo omtsha weza ukudibanisa onke amathala eencwadi kwinethiwekhi, oko kwakuthetha ukuba kuguqulwe idatha, inkqubo entsha yekhompyuter ...

Sivela kude le minyaka idlulileyo: unokuyinxiba ikhadi lomsebenzisi kwiselfowuni kwaye uyisebenzise nakweyiphi na ithala leencwadi eCastilla La-Mancha. Unako ukuvuselela okanye ukugcina iincwadi ekhaya. Ungafikelela kwifayile ye- ukufunda iincwadi online Ngale nkqubo Ibhayibhile. Unokuthatha inxaxheba kwi iklabhu yencwadi online… Iyamangalisa ngokwenene.

4. Ngaba umsebenzisi wethala leencwadi utshintshile? Okanye ngaba umndilili wenani labantwana, ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala abalindwendwelayo liyafana? Ngaba iLa Solana yidolophu yokufunda?

Ezahlukeneyo kuba abantu bayatshintsha, kuxhomekeka kwixesha nakwimeko yobuqu nganye nganye. Kude kube kutshanje sinenani elikhulu le- abafuduki. Ngoku itshintshe kakhulu, ngaphandle kwabo babhalise apha benombono wexesha elizayo. Inkqubo ye- abantu abatsha abemkileyo ukuya eyunivesithi kwaye basindwendwela kuphela ngeholide, endaweni yoko abatsha ababengalazi ithala leencwadi bajoyina.

Uninzi lwabantwana luqala ukuzazi kwaye luyonwabele iindaba kunye nemisebenzi esikunikelayo. Abo bahluphekayo kukungafani okuncinci ngabantu abadala. Ziyalondolozwa, zihlala zihlala zihleli, kwaye kukho ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwabo bahambayo kunye nabo bazayo.

Ngaba singabantu abafundayo? Ngokunyaniseka, kwaye sijonga amanani, ndicinga ukuba asikho mbi. Ithala leencwadi linomdla, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo baninzi abafundi abangasityeleliyo kodwa bazimele ngokuzimeleyo kufundo lwabo (iilayibrari zesikolo, iincwadi zombane ...). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kum kukuba uqhubeke ufunda, Abancinci nabadala, ungayeki, ungayeki, yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zobu bomi kwaye izokuzisela izibonelelo ezininzi ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.

5. Zeziphi iintlobo zemisebenzi eyenziwa yithala leencwadi?

Senza okuninzi, nangona incinci kunokuba ndingathanda, kodwa kufuneka sinamathele kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kwaye imali ... yile unayo. Nangona amaxesha amaninzi Imalunga nokucinga kwakho kunye nokwenza uninzi lwezixhobo zakho esinayo eminwe yethu. Ngale ndlela senza i umkhankaso ehlotyeni, kunye namanye amathala eencwadi asixhenxe, alungele ukubandakanya abantwana nabazali ekufundeni kanye xa beseholideyini.

En ukuwa senza inkqubo ukufunda oopopayi Ngokusebenzisana nezikolo (ababhali, abenzi bemifanekiso, ababalisi ...). Kukho i- Iintsuku Zencwadi ngenyanga ka-Epreli kunye Ukhuphiswano lweKrisimesi. Kwaye kuyo yonke ikhosi sine ixesha lebali, Las utyelelo lwesikolo, iintetho zencwadi...

Kwaye wethu iiklabhu zokufunda, enye ye abadala kunye nenye ye abakhubazekileyo ngemisebenzi yabo eyahlukeneyo. Sikwasebenzisana no AMAPA yezikolo kunye namaziko, i IZiko laBasetyhini, la KwiYunivesithi edumileyo kunye neminye imibutho yendawo.

6. Yintoni oyithanda kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakho? Kwaye okuncinci?

Ngokwenyani Ndicinga ukuba ndiyayithanda yonke into, evela emsebenzini wangaphakathi, ondinzima kwaye uyadika, kodwa kufuneka ndivume ukuba ukukhathaliswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo (asinazo iincwadi kuphela, sinomculo, iiCD, iividiyo ...) ndiyayithanda kakhulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela ndingumntu ogqibeleleyo. Mkwaye iimpazamo ziyaphazamisa.

Ukuqhagamshelana noluntu kuyakhuthaza kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha uye ube sisayikholojisti kubasebenzisi abasityelelayo, kwaye xa incwadi oyinconyileyo iye yathandwa kwaye bafuna enye, ngowona mvuzo mhle. Eyona nto imbi kukuba usebenze njengoyena mntu uxanduva kwaye uzenze njalo kwiimeko ezithile ezingathandekiyo ngethamsanqa azikho ninzi.

Eyona nto indenzakalisayo kukuswela umdla, ukungazi ngomsebenzi wethu, ukuqondwa okuncinci ... nangona emva kweminyaka engaka sele ndiphilisiwe. Oyena mntu undigxeka kakhulu yeyam kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo sisazela sam kwaye ndim Ndifuna kakhulu nam.

7. Ngaba ungasitshela i-anecdote ethile oyithandayo, nangona kukho ezininzi?

Eyokugqibela, kungekudala, eMadrid, kwimetro. Baye bandibiza ngegama lam kwaye abantu abaninzi bahamba. Ndiyamangaliswa linani labantu abandaziyo (¡¡). Ndicinga ukuba kulungile ukuba ungalahli igama kunye nomsebenzi owenzayo. Kufanelekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenza.

8. Kwaye ingcebiso kwabo bafuna ukuba ngoonolayibrari kwaye bayazilungiselela?

Ndiza kubaxelela ukuba xa befaka isicelo salo msebenzi, ukuba bayayazi ngaphambili kwaye banolwazi olufanelekileyo. Kufuneka ubenayo umnqweno ukusebenza, inzala kwinkcubeko ngokubanzi nasekufundeni ngokukodwa, izakhono zokunxibelelana, ukuhambisa umnqweno wokufunda, khuthaza ukufunda kuwo onke amanqanaba, yila ubuchule, ube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni… Awunakuba ngumntu ongenzi nto, ngaphandle kwezimvo. Ithala leencwadi kufuneka libe yinxalenye yakho, kwaye ukuba awuyenzi isebenze, awuyomeleli, iyafa. Namhlanje sinabakhuphiswano abaninzi kwaye ayisiyokulwa nabo, kodwa kukuhlala nabo.

9. Ngaba unokucinga ngobomi obungenazo iincwadi?

NOOOOOO !! Ziyinxalenye yethu ngendlela engaphakathi. Nakwixesha elizayo elingekude kakhulu, xa silawulwa ziirobhothi, andiqinisekanga ukuba ziya kuqhubeka zibakho. Ndingayeka izinto ezininzi (umabonwakude, ithebhulethi ...), kodwa hayi iincwadi. Kum, ukungqongwa ziincwadi, ukuhlala neencwadi kunye nabafundi yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo endindinike zona ebomini. Ukuba wayenokuzalwa ngokutsha, wayeya kuba lilayibrari kwakhona.

Ndingathanda ukuphelisa ngesicatshulwa esivela UJorge Luis Borges: «Kwizixhobo ezohlukeneyo ezenziwe ngumntu, eyona nto imangalisayo yile ncwadi; Zonke ezinye izandiso zomzimba wakho. Incwadi kuphela ulwandiso lweengcinga kunye nenkumbulo. Kwaye ndingongeza ukuba kungenxa yokuba yenziwe ngentliziyo.