Umama kaFrankenstein

Umama kaFrankenstein

Umama kaFrankenstein yinoveli yembali ka-Almudena Grandes kwaye sisiqingatha sesihlanu solu ngcelele Iziqendu zemfazwe engapheliyo. Esi sihloko sibonisa ingxelo ebekwe emva kwemfazwe eSpain. Kwangokunjalo, umxholo wencwadi ubonakalisa inxenye yeziphumo zengqondo ezibangelwa yimfazwe yamakhaya kunye nolawulo lukaFranco.

Ukulungiselela le nto, umbhali unika amakhulu wabalinganiswa - abanye bayintsomi, abanye bayinyani- embindini wembali yelo xesha. Apho, iyelenqe liyaqhubeka kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi buka-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira, ovela avalelwe kwindawo yokhuseleko. Ukwengeza, Incwadi ibhengeza amava athembekileyo alo mfazi waseSpain owaduma kwiminyaka ye-30 ngokubulala intombi yakhe.

Umama kaFrankenstein

Umxholo womsebenzi

Abakhulu badibana nebali lika-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira emva kokufunda Umbhalo obhaliweyo ofunyenwe kwiCiempozuelos (Ngo-1989), nguGuillermo Rendueles. Unomdla ngulo mlinganiswa, Umbhali waseMadrid Uqhubeke nokuphanda ukuze abhale ngokweenkcukacha malunga netyala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kulo lonke ibali kukho iziganeko ezininzi zokwenyani, ezinika ibali ifuthe elikhulu.

Olu phuhliso lubeka umfundi kwiCiempozuelos Asylum (kufutshane naseMadrid), ngexesha le-1950s. Isicatshulwa sigubungela amaphepha angama-560 alayishwe yimbali achaza ubumnandi obufunyenwe kwimilo emininzi. Ngale ndlela, iyelenqe livela malunga nabalinganiswa aba-3: I-Aurora, María kunye nesiJamani, abatshintsha umntu wokuqala ebalini.

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Isiqendu

Indlela yokuqala

Kwi 1954, ugqirha wezengqondo waseJamani uVelásquez ubuyela eSpain ayokusebenza kwindawo yokhuseleko yabasetyhini eCiempozuelos, emva kokuhlala iminyaka eli-15 eSwitzerland. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa konyango olutsha nge-chlorpromazine-i-neuroleptic esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iziphumo ze-schizophrenia-igxekwa kabukhali kwiziko leengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ziya kothusa wonke umntu.

isiJamani Ngokukhawuleza ufumanisa ukuba esinye sezigulana zakhe ngu-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira, Umfazi oye wavelisa umdla ukususela ebuntwaneni. Njengomntwana, uyakhumbula esiva ukuvuma kwakhe izono kuyise -Gqirha Velásquez- ngaye. ukubulawa kwentombi yakhe. Ke, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ungena kwimeko ukufumana olona nyango lulungileyo kwaye azame ukwenza ukuba imihla yakhe yokugqibela ibengcono.

Isigulana

U-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira ngumfazi olilolo kakhulu, undwendwelwa kuphela nguMaría Castejón, umongikazi obesoloko ehlala apho (ungumzukulwana wegadi). UMaría uziva enombulelo omkhulu ngeAurora, kuba ndamfundisa ukufunda nokubhala. Ukongeza, yonke imihla uyakonwabela ukuya egumbini lakhe, apho azinikezela khona ukuba amfundele, kuba uRodríguez uyimfama.

Ukugula

Aurora Uneprofayili yomfazi okrelekrele kakhulu, umkhuseli weeugenics kunye namalungelo abasetyhini. Yakhe unesifo esibangela ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, amanqanaba okutshutshisa kunye nokukhohlisa kobuqaqawuli. Ibali lisibalisela ngeminyaka yakhe emibini edlulileyo yobomi, emva kweminyaka engaphezulu kwamashumi amabini esentolongweni ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe kwintombi yakhe, angazange azisole ngalo.

Ukuzimisela ukudala "umfazi ogqibeleleyo wekamva", u-Aurora wazimisela ukuba nentombi kwaye ayikhulise ngeenjongo zakhe eziphambili. Eli nenekazi labiza loo ntombazana: nguHildegart Rodríguez Carballeira - kuye yayiyiprojekthi yesayensi. Ngaphantsi kwento leyo, ndikhulise umntwana oziphethe kakuhle, ngempumelelo enkulu kumgaqo. Kodwa, Umnqweno webhinqa eliselula wenkululeko kunye nokufuna ukuba kude nonina kukhokelele un isiphelo esibuhlungu.

Umfazi osemtsha ngokungaqhelekanga

Hildegard Wayekrelekrele kakhulu, eneminyaka emi-3 kuphela wayesele ekwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Ibiyi elona gqwetha lincinci lagqiba eSpain, ngelixa ndifunda amakhondo amabini ongezelelweyo: Amayeza kunye neFilosofi kunye neeleta. Ukongeza, wayengumtshutshisi wezopolitiko esemncinci, ke ngoko, wayenekamva elithembisayo kakhulu ... wabulawa ngunina, eneminyaka eli-18 kuphela.

ICiempozuelos Asylum

En Umama kaFrankenstein, umbhali ufuna ukubonisa ubunyani babafazi belo xesha. Ngesi sizathu, iiGrandes zisebenzisa iCiempozuelos sanatorium yengqondo yabasetyhini njengokuseta. Kuba le ndawo yokukhosela ibingajoliswanga kuphela kubafazi abanengxaki yengqondo, bekukho nabasetyhini abavalelwe kuba befuna ukuzimela okanye ngokuphila ngokwesondo ngokukhululekileyo.

Ibali lothando elingenakwenzeka

Ukufika eCiempozuelos, AmaJamani atsaleleka kuMaría, ibhinqa eliselula elalicinezelwe kwaye linxunguphele. Yena, kwelakhe icala, uyamlahla, into edida iJamani, oya kuthi afumanise ukuba kutheni elilolo kwaye engaqondakali. Uthando olungavumelekanga ngenxa yeemeko zelizwe apho kulawula khona imigangatho emibini, ezele yimithetho engekho ngqiqweni kunye nokungekho sikweni kuyo yonke indawo.

Abalinganiswa bokwenyani

Ingxelo ibandakanya abalinganiswa abaliqela belo xesha, umzekelo, u-Antonio Vallejo Nájera noJuan José López Ibor. UAntonio wayengumlawuli weCiempozuelos, indoda eyayikholelwa kwi-eugenics kwaye ngubani owayekholelwa ekubeni bonke abantu bakaMarx kufuneka basuswe. Ngokuhambelana, ukhuthaze abantu abadala abadubulayo ngaloo mbono kwaye ehambisa abantwana babo kwiintsapho zoMbutho weSizwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, U-López Ibor-nangona engenabo ubuhlobo noVallejo-uvumile ngempatho-mbi yento ebizwa ngokuba yi "reds" kunye nefanasini. Lo yayingugqirha wezifo zengqondo ngamaxesha kaFranco, owayeqhuba iiseshoni ze-electroshocks kunye nelobotomies. Ezi nkqubo zazisetyenziswa emadodeni kuphela, kuba abafazi babengenakho ukuzimela ngokwesini.

Amanye amalungu ebali

Kwisiqwenga kubonakala abalinganiswa besekondari (ababuntsomi) abanceda ukuxhasa ibali. Phakathi kwabo, nguTata u-Armenteros noonongendi uBelén no-Anselma, abamele umbutho wenkolo kwindawo yokhuseleko.. Ukongeza, u-Eduardo Méndez - ugqirha wengqondo wobufanasini - owaye lixhoba ebutsheni bakhe bezenzo zikaLópez Ibor kwaye waba ngumhlobo olungileyo waseJamani noMaría.

Sobre el autor

UAlmudena Grandes Hernández wazalelwa eMadrid ngoMeyi 7, 1960. Wagqiba izifundo zakhe zobugcisa kwiYunivesithi yaseComplutense yaseMadrid, apho waphumelela khona kwiJografi nakwiMbali. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wawukwindlu yokupapasha; Apho umsebenzi wakhe ophambili yayikukubhala imibhalo esemazantsi yemifanekiso kwiincwadi zesikhokelo. Lo msebenzi wamnceda ukuba aqhelane nokubhala.

Caphula umbhali u-Almudena Grandes.

Uhlanga loncwadi

Incwadi yakhe yokuqala, Iminyaka kaLulu (1989), yaba yimpumelelo enkulu: iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-20, ophumelele i-XI La Sonrisa Vertical Award kwaye waqhelaniswa nomdlalo bhanyabhanya. Ukusukela ngoko, umbhali wenze iinoveli ezininzi ezifumene iinombolo zokuhlela kunye nokudumisa. Ngapha koko, ezi zikhankanywe ngezantsi ziye zasiwa kumdlalo bhanyabhanya:

• I-Malena ligama le-tango (1994)
• IAtlas yeJografi yoLuntu (1998)
• Los umoya onzima (2002)

Iziqendu de unayo imfazwe engapheliyo

Kwi 2010, Kukhulu esidlangalaleni Agnes kunye novuyo, ufakelo lokuqala kuthotho Iziqendu zemfazwe engapheliyo. Ngale ncwadi, umbhali uphumelele i-Elena Poniatowska Ibero-American Novel Prize (2011), phakathi kwamanye amabhaso. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukho imisebenzi emihlanu eyenza isaga; owesine: Izigulana zikaGqirha García, ufumene iMbasa yokuBalisa yeSizwe ka-2018.