Kukho imibongo efana nenyikima, njengendudumo ehamba kuyo yonke into yakho. Ukuphelelwa lithemba Ngomnye wabo. Lo msebenzi, ngokwesiko nguJosé de Espronceda (Almendralejo, Matshi 25, 1808-Madrid, ngoMeyi 23, 1842), kodwa abanye babhali bezinto eziphilayo kunye nabaphengululi bathi UJuan Rico kunye noAmat (U-Elda, Alicante; Nge-Agasti 29, 1821-Madrid; nge-19 kaNovemba, 1870), ngomnye weyona mizekelo mihle kunye neyobuhlungu ye-Romanticism yaseSpain.
Iimpawu zothando olumnyama
Umbongo "Ukuphelelwa lithemba", nguJosé de Espronceda, uyinxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yi "Dark Romanticism", I-subgenre eyavela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye ayichazanga izimvo ezinethemba, nokuba kungomntu, inkolo, okanye indalo. Asinayo kuphela i-Espronceda njengomzekelo, kodwa baninzi abanye abanjengoEdgar Allan Poe (mhlawumbi owaziwa kakhulu kolu hlobo), uEmily Dickinson, okanye sinokwazisa "iimbongi eziqalekisiweyo."
Phakathi kweempawu zolu hlobo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi, sifumana oku kulandelayo:
Ukuzithemba ngokupheleleyo ekugqibeleleni
Kwizinto zothando ezimnyama, i umntu akafezekanga, kwaye ayisoze ibekho. Ngesi sizathu, bonke abalinganiswa bakhe banxulumene nesono, nokuzitshabalalisa, kunye neendlela zobomi. Kubo, umntu ungumoni kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu babubona ubomi njengesihloko seemeko kunye nemisebenzi engakhokeleli kwimfezeko, kodwa kwelinye icala.
Baphelelwe lithemba
Nangona sithetha ngokuthandana, inyani yeyokuba imibongo yothando emnyama ayinathemba, bahlala bethetha ngokungalunganga, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, kuba bayaqonda ukuba, nokuba ingakanani into evavanyiweyo, ihlala ihleli uya kugwetywa.
Ngale ndlela, ubomi beembongi bunempembelelo enkulu kwimibongo.
Ihlabathi limfiliba
Ayisiyonto imbi nje, kodwa iyimfihlakalo kwaye ayilunganga. Yintoni enye romantics ukubona njengento yokomoya kwaye inxulumene nobuthixo, ubomi kunye nokukhanya; bayibona njengokuchasene ngokupheleleyo. Ngendlela yokuba kubumnyama bokuthandana yindawo apho umntu akhupha lonke elona cala lakhe libi, kunye nendalo uqobo, indalo esingqongileyo, iyazingca ngokungakhathali, imntywilisele nangakumbi kwimbandezelo yakhe.
Ukuphelelwa lithemba
Ukuphelelwa lithemba yi-ode kwi-macabre, eyoyikisayo, kunye nokuziphatha okuthandabuzekayo. Ngale ndlela, isikhumbuza ngamabali anje Ikati emnyama, nguEdgar Allan Poe ('Ngaba asinatyekelo rhoqo, ngaphandle kokugqwesa kwesigwebo sethu, sokwaphula umthetho, kuba nje siyaqonda ukuba ngumthetho? Ley? »), Nokuba libali, kodwa ngokwabelana umoya, kunye nomlinganiswa ojijekileyo wombongo.
Iindinyana zakhe ezinesilivere ezisixhenxe zisenza sizibuze ukuba ingaba umlinganiswa ophambili unomdla ngokwenene kwizinto ezoyikekayo athetha ngazo, okanye ukuba ukuzonwabela sisiphumo sobomi abukhokeleyo. Yonke into iyamangalisa kwaye iyothusa kulo mbongo, oshiya nelitye nje elinethemba. Imigca yayo ibandakanya amangcwaba, iintlekele kwaye, ngamafutshane, bonke ubumnyama kunye nokuzonwabisa okunetyala ukuba umntu angakonwabela. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, into ewuthabathayo lo msebenzi kukuphakanyiswa kwawo ngokumasikizi kobumnyama, impambano, nayo yonke into eyalawayo luluntu.
Ungayifunda apha ngezantsi:
Ndiyathanda ukubona isibhakabhaka
ngamafu amnyama
kwaye uve iindawo ezintle
bhomboloza ngendlela eyoyikekayo
Ndiyathanda ukubona ubusuku
ngaphandle kwenyanga kwaye ngaphandle kweenkwenkwezi,
kwaye kuphela iintlantsi
umhlaba uyakhanyisa.
Ndiyawathanda amangcwaba
yokufa efakwe kakuhle,
Igazi elihamba kunye nesilika
ethintela ukuphefumla,
nanko ke engcwabayo
ngenkangeleko emnyama
ngesandla esingenanceba
Iingqayi zityumza.
Ndiyavuya ukubona ibhombu
uwe ululamile ezulwini,
kwaye ungashukumi emhlabeni,
akukho ntambo ngokucacileyo,
emva koko wagquma
eqhuma kwaye ishukuma
kwaye ulahlwe liwaka ukugabha
kwaye bafe kuyo yonke indawo.
Ngamana iindudumo zingandivusa
kunye nokuduma kwayo,
kwaye ihlabathi lilele
wenze ungcangcazele,
yintoni isihogo umzuzu ngamnye
Wela kuye ngaphandle kokubala,
makume isibhakabhaka
Ndiyathanda kakhulu ukubona.
Idangatye lomlilo
makabaleke eqwenga
kunye nokufumba okungapheliyo
Ndingathanda ukukhanyisa;
ukugoba indoda endala apho,
yiba yiti,
kwaye uve ukuba lithetha njani,
Olunjani uvuyo!
Ndiyayithanda indawo esemaphandleni
Ikhephu,
yeentyatyambo ezihluliweyo,
ngaphandle kweziqhamo, kungekho luhlaza,
akukho ntaka ziculayo,
akukho langa likhanyayo
kwaye ubona kuphela
ukufa ngeenxa zonke.
Apho, kwintaba emnyama,
amandla elanga,
Ndonwabile kakhulu
inyanga xa ibonakalisa,
shenxisa iivenzi
ngokukhwaza kabukhali
ilingana nesikhalo
ukubhengeza ukuphelelwa.
Ndiyayithanda loo nto esihogweni
khokela umntu ofayo
kwaye apho bonke ububi
babandezele;
vula izibilini zabo,
Ukukrazula imisipha yabo,
zaphula iintliziyo
ngaphandle kwazo ukwenza.
Indlela engaqhelekanga
Umkhukula ochumileyo,
ukusuka phezulu kuye phezulu,
kwaye itshayela kuyo yonke indawo;
ithatha iinkomo
nemidiliya inganqumli,
amawaka abangela isiphithiphithi,
Olunjani uvuyo!
Amazwi kunye nokuhleka
umdlalo, iibhotile,
ngeenxa zonke ezintle
ndiyavuya ukukhawuleza;
nasemilonyeni yabo yenkanuko,
ngokuthopha kakhulu,
ukwanga kwisiselo ngasinye
isitampu sonwabe.
Emva koko wophule iiglasi,
iipleyiti, iidesika,
uvule iimela,
efuna intliziyo;
uve i-toast kamva
exutywe nokuncwina
ukuba abenzakeleyo baphose
iinyembezi nokudideka.
Ndiyavuya ukuva enye
khwaza iwayini,
ngelixa ngummelwane wakho
Iwela ekoneni;
nokuba abanye sebalele;
kwi-trill engaqhelekanga,
baculela uthixo obotshiweyo
Ingoma engenangqondo.
Ndiyazithanda izithandwa
ndilele emandlalweni,
akukho shawls emabeleni
ukhulule ibhanti,
ukubonisa umtsalane wakhe,
ngaphandle kweenwele,
emoyeni ithanga elihle ...
Olunjani uvuyo!
Eminye imibongo emikhulu ekufuneka uyazi
I-Espronceda ayisiyiyo imbongi eyabhala imibongo emikhulu. Zininzi iimbongi, ezaziwayo nezaziwayo, abathi ngaxa lithile ebomini babo babhala imibongo emnyama. Yaziwa kakuhle ngabo bathanda i-gothic, sifuna ukukushiya apha ezinye eminye imizekelo yolu hlobo lwenkqutyana.
Zonke zinempawu ezininzi esele sizikhankanyile ngaphambili, kwaye ziyimizekelo elungileyo onokuthi uyiqwalasele.
"UMngcwabo kaMtyholi" (uMary Coleridge)
Abantu abalungileyo, uMtyholi ufile!
Ngoobani abathwali abanxibe isigqubuthelo?
Omnye wabo ucinga ukuba naye wabulala uThixo
ngekrele elifanayo nelo wabulawa ngalo nguSathana.
Omnye ukholelwa ukuba ubusindisile ubomi bukaThixo;
uMtyholi wayesoloko enguThixo wengxabano.
Ingubo emfusa yandlala phezu kwakhe!
Ukumkani olele efile
Abona kumkani bangekaze balawule
Kunye nokumkani omangalisayo wesihogo.
Uyintoni umvuzo wokubandezeleka kwakho?
Naye uswelekile, kodwa isihogo sihleli.
Wakha ibhokisi yakhe ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Yenziwe ngegolide, izihlandlo ezisixhenxe,
ngamazwi aqaqambileyo abo
owaqhayisa ngokumshiya.
Uzakungcwaba phi? Hayi emhlabeni!
Kwiintyatyambo ezinetyhefu uya kuzalwa ngokutsha.
Hayi elwandle.
Imimoya namaza zaziza kuyikhulula.
Ubeke kwindawo yomngcwabo.
Ubomi bakhe bonke ebephila emlilweni.
Kwaye njengoko amadangatye anyukela esibhakabhakeni,
USathana waba yingelosi yokukhanya,
ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi
apho wayesoloko esilwa xa wayehlala ezantsi.
"Umdaniso wamadoda axhonyiweyo" (uArthur Rimbaud)
Umdaniso oxhonyiweyo
Iivesi ezilungileyo zeembongi eziqalekisiweyo 1
Kwimiqadi emnyama badanisa, banobubele bexhobile,
umdaniso weepaladins,
abadanisi abangenawo umzimba kaMtyholi;
bangqungqa ukuba bangqungqa ngaphandle kokuphela
amathambo eSaladin.
UMnumzana Belzebú utsala iqhina
oonodoli babo abamnyama, abazenzela isibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni,
nangokubanika i-sneaker elungileyo ebunzi
inyanzela ukuba badanise isingqisho seKarimesi yeKrisimesi!
Bemangalisiwe, oonodoli babamba iingalo zabo ezintle:
njengelungu elimnyama, amabele agqobhoziweyo,
ukuba abafazi abathandekayo babamkela,
Bebrashi kunye nokudibana, kuthando olufihlakeleyo.
Abadanisi abonwabileyo abaphulukene nesisu sakho,
Bamba iipranks zakho kuba i-tablao ibanzi,
Ngamana bangazi, ngoThixo, ukuba ngumdaniso okanye idabi!
Uvutha ngumsindo, uBhelezebhule uzibetha iivayolin zakhe!
Izithende ezibi; imbadada yakho ayipheli.
Bonke bakhulule ingubo yangaphantsi yoboya.
okusalayo akuyothusi kwaye kubonwa ngaphandle kwehlazo.
Kwiikakayi zabo, ikhephu lifake ikepusi emhlophe.
Igwababa liphezulu kwezi ntloko zaphukileyo;
Uxhoma intwana yenyama kwibarilla yakhe ebhityileyo:
Kubonakala ngathi, xa bejika ezimfazweni,
iipaladin eziqinileyo, kunye neengcingo zekhadibhodi.
Vumela umoya ubethe impempe kwi-waltz yamathambo!
Kwaye ukubethelwa okumnyama kufana nelungu lesinyithi!
kwaye iingcuka ziphendula kumahlathi amfusa:
bomvu, phezulu, izulu sisihogo ...
Ndothuse kula makaputeni omngcwabo
loo reel, ladinos, ngeminwe emide eyaphukileyo,
I-rosari yothando lwe-vertebrae yakhe ebala:
Ukulahleka, asikho apha kwi-monastery!
Kwaye ngesiquphe, embindini wale macabre umdaniso
tsiba ungene esibhakabhakeni esibomvu, uphambene, amathambo amakhulu,
Ziqhutywa ngamandla, njengemazi yehashe
kwaye, ndiva ukuba intambo isamile entanyeni yam,
ujija iminwe yakhe emifutshane ngokuchasene ne-femur eqhekekayo
Ngokukhala okukhumbula ukuhleka okukhohlakeleyo,
kwaye indlela intaba eshukumisa ngayo umnquba wakhe,
uqala umdaniso wakhe kwakhona kwisandi samathambo.
Kwimiqadi emnyama badanisa, banobubele bexhobile,
umdaniso weepaladins,
abadanisi abangenawo umzimba kaMtyholi;
bangqungqa ukuba bangqungqa ngaphandle kokuphela
amathambo eSaladin.
"Ukuzisola" (uCharles Baudelaire)
Xa ulele, ubuhle bam obumnyama,
emazantsi engcwaba elenziwe ngemabhile emnyama,
kwaye xa unamagumbi okulala nokuhlala kuphela
i-pantheon emanzi kunye nengcwaba le-concave;
xa ilitye, itshona esifubeni sakho eyoyikisayo
kwaye umzimba wakho ukhululeke kukungakhathali okumnandi,
gcina intliziyo yakho ingabethi nokunqwenela,
kwaye iinyawo zakho zibaleke ugqatso lwakho oluyingozi,
ingcwaba, ukuzithemba kwephupha lam elingenasiphelo
(kuba ingcwaba liya kuhlala liqonda imbongi),
ngobo busuku bude apho ukulala kungavumelekanga,
Uya kuthi kuwe: «Kukulungele ntoni kuwe, nkundla engaphelelanga,
ungazi ukuba abafileyo bakhala ntoni? ».
"Kwaye umbungu uya kurhwexa kulusu lwakho njengokuzisola."
"Yahlulwe" (Marcelone Desbordes-Valmore)
Sukundibhalela. Ndibuhlungu, ndinqwenela ukufa.
Ihlobo ngaphandle kwakho lifana nobusuku obumnyama.
Ndizivalile iingalo zam, azinakukugona.
Ukubongoza intliziyo yam, kukubongoza ingcwaba.
Sukundibhalela!
Sukundibhalela. Masifunde ukuba sife kuthi.
Buza kuphela uThixo… wena ngokwakho, indlela akuthanda ngayo!
Ukususela ekungabikho kwakho okunzulu, ukuva ukuba uyandithanda
Kufana nokuva isibhakabhaka ngaphandle kokufikelela kuso.
Sukundibhalela!
Sukundibhalela. Ndiyakoyika kwaye ndiyazoyika iinkumbulo zam;
baligcinile ilizwi lakho, endibiza rhoqo.
Sukubonisa amanzi aphilileyo angenakuwasela.
I-calligraphy ethandekayo ngumfanekiso ophilayo.
Sukundibhalela!
Musa ukundibhalela imiyalezo emnandi: Andizami ukuyifunda:
kubonakala ngathi ilizwi lakho, entliziyweni yam, liyabagalela;
Ndibabona beqaqamba ngoncumo lwakho;
ngokungathi ukwanga, entliziyweni yam, kuyazinyathela.
Sukundibhalela!
Isibongo esithandekayo ngokwenene, xa umntu sele ephelelwe lithemba. Ufuna kuphela iintlungu kuba akasenathemba. Kubuhlungu, kodwa kuyaqondakala. Ayikokunika umfazi othandekayo, kukulibala inkohliso kunye nokushiya uthando lomntu.
«Ilahlekile» ikunye no-h: ukusuka kwisenzi une
Uthetha ukuthini xa esithi "uthixo obotshiweyo"? NguBacchus?
Zintle kwaye zintle
Ndicinga ukuba uthetha i-Cupid.
Ndiyifunde njengomntwana, kwimisebenzi epheleleyo yase-Espronceda ayenayo umakhulu kwilayibrari yakhe. Ndayifunda xa ndandikwishumi elivisayo ndiyikhangela kwimemori yam njengomntwana. Njengomntu omdala ndiyayikhangela, kwaye ndiyikhumbula phantse ngokupheleleyo ngentliziyo, kwaye ifuthe elishiya kwinqanaba ngalinye litshintsha kakhulu. Imifanekiso esimele yona iyahlekisa ibe yeyokwenyani kwilizwe esiphila kulo njengabantu abadala.