Uhlobo lukaPablo Neruda

UPablo Neruda, eneneni, wayengabizwa njalo. Igama lakhe lokwenyani ngu UNafetali Reyes Basoalto. Wazalelwa ngaphakathi ChileNgokukodwa kwisixeko saseParral ngo-1904, kwaye wasweleka ngo-1973, nge-23 kaSeptemba. Ukuba ndicinga ngeNeruda, uninzi lweevesi luza kum kuphela ukuba lunokubhala ngaloo ndlela ... Kwaye uNeruda Akazange avuzwe kuphela kwaye anconywe ngento ayibhalileyo, kodwa nangendlela ayenze ngayo.

Isimbo sakhe sobuqu sasityhola yena ubuntu obunamandla, zeenkolelo zobukomanisi, uqinile kwaye uneenkani Ukuza kuthi ga kwimiphumela yokugqibela, waye wayikhusela ngokuqinileyo yonke into awayeyikholelwa kuyo kwaye kwakubonakala kufanelekile kuye, ngokutsho kwabahlobo bakhe kunye nomhlolokazi wakhe, uMatilde Urrutia, babhale ngaye. Kulabo babemazi kwaye babelana naye ngamaxesha obunzima kunye nengcinezelo, uPablo Neruda wayonwabela inkululeko ekhethekileyo yabo bakhethiweyo ababonwa njengomzekelo. INeruda yayiyinto eyahluke mpela kulowo waboniswa phambi kweekhamera, eneentloni, engabonakaliyo kwaye egobile ...

Isishwankathelo sobomi bakhe kunye nesimbo somsebenzi wakhe woncwadi

UNeruda wayenomama ababini. Umntu wakhe webhayoloji owasweleka emva nje kokuzalwa kwakhe sisifo sephepha kunye neTrinidad Cambia Marverde, umfazi wesibini katata wakhe uJosé del Carmen Reyes Morales. NgokukaNeruda ngokwakhe, "umama wakhe wesibini wayengumfazi okrelekrele, okhutheleyo, wayenoburharha basemaphandleni kunye nobubele obusebenzayo nobungadinwayo."

Ngo-1910 wangena eLiceo, apho wayesele enze amanyathelo okuqala njengombhali kwiphephandaba laseKhaya elibizwa ngokuba yi "La Mañana" Inqaku lakhe lokuqala elipapashiweyo "Inzondelelo nokunyamezela". Ukudibana okuhle UGabriela Mistral, imbongi eyaziwayo, eyamnika ezinye iincwadi nguTolstoy, Dostoevsky noChekhov, ebaluleke kakhulu kuqeqesho lwakhe lokuqala loncwadi. Kwaye nangona utata wakhe wayemelene kwaphela noNeruda kulandela olu bizo loncwadi, iimpikiswano zakhe ezingunaphakade nonyana wakhe zazingazukumnceda nganto. Kwakunje ngale ndlela apho ubukhosi basebukhosini uNeftali Reyes Basoalto baqala ngayosse igama elinguPablo Neruda, ngenjongo eyodwa kunye neqinileyo ye ulahlekise uyise ukwenzela ukuba angaqondi ukuba usabhala.

Wafumana igama elithi "Neruda" ngokungahleliwe kwimagazini, kwaye ngokumangalisayo, uNeruda wayengomnye umbhali wemvelaphi yaseCzech owabhala iibhaladi ezintle phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Wabhala imibongo engama-5 ngosuku, uninzi lwayo lwaphela kwincwadi yakhe yokuzipapasha enesihloko esithi "Twilight". Kwaye siyakhalaza namhlanje xa kufuneka sifumane ubomi bethu ukuze sifumane inoveli epapashiweyo ... Ngaba uyazi ukuba le ncwadi inokuzihlela njani? Wenza imali ngokuthengisa ifanitshala, wafaka iwotshi kuyise awayemnike yona, kwaye wafumana uncedo ngomzuzu wokugqibela kumgxeki onesisa.

Ngaphandle koku, "uCrepusculario" ushiye uNeruda engonelisekanga, kwaye wenza umzamo omkhulu nangakumbi wokubhala enye incwadi entsha. Oku kunokuba yinto yobuqu ngakumbi, isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ingcono ngakumbi ekuthetheni uncwadi. Ibiyi "Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla", yindinyana endiyikhumbulayo xa ndiqala ukubhala eli nqaku:

Ndingabhala ezona vesi zibuhlungu ngokuhlwanje.
Bhala, umzekelo: "Ubusuku bunenkwenkwezi,
kwaye iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza zingcangcazela mgama ”.
Umoya ebusuku ujika esibhakabhakeni ucule ...

Ngokupapashwa kwale ncwadi yesibini, Uncwadi lwakhe luba sezopolitiko ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ubomi bakhe buba nzima ngakumbi ngenxa yeemeko zemali, kuba utata wakhe warhoxa kulo lonke uncedo lwezinto xa uNeruda wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye izifundo awayeqalisile ukufundisa isiFrentshi kwiZiko lokuFundisa.

Ukufuna uncedo, ngo-1927 wafumana kuphela isikhundla esimnyama nesikude e-Rangoon, eBurma. Apho wadibana Ulonwabo lukaJosieNgubani oza kuba liqabane lakhe lokuqala. Isibini esingazange sihlale ixesha elide ngenxa yomona wakhe wedemon. Wamshiya kamsinya nje akuva ukuba unesabelo esitsha eCeylon. Wabeka uhambo lwakhe ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye akazange atsho kuye, eshiya iimpahla kunye neencwadi ekhaya.

Kwakuyiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngo-1930, xa uPablo Neruda watshata noMaría Antonieta Agenaar, owayeya kuba ngumama wakhe intombi, Malva Marina.

KwiBuenos Aires wadibana noFederico García Lorca, owanyanzelisa ukuba aye eSpain. Apha wadibana noMiguel Hernández, uLuis Cernuda kunye noVicente Aleixandre, phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa ixesha lakhe kumazwe aseSpain alizange lihlale ixesha elide, kuba xa kwaqhambuka iMfazwe yamakhaya ngo-1936, kwafuneka ukuba aye eParis. Apho, edanile ngenxa yenkani eyayisenzeka eSpain, kwaye ngokusweleka komhlobo wakhe uGarcía Lorca, wabhala incwadi yemibongo enesihloko esithi "Spain entliziyweni". Ngaphantsi kwesi sizathu uthathe isigqibo sokuhlela ifayile ye- "Iimbongi zehlabathi zikhusela abantu baseSpain."

Ngo-1946 wayesele esekhaya lakhe, eChile, apho wajoyina iqela lamaKomanisi, kwaye apho wanyulwa njengelungu leNdlu yeeRiphabliki kumaphondo eTarapacá naseAntofagasta. Ngo-1946 wafumana i Ibhaso loNcwadi kuZwelonke. Kodwa ukonwaba kwakhe kwilizwe laseChile akuzange kuhlale ixesha elide, kuba emva kokwenza esidlangalaleni uqhankqalazo apho wahlasela khona intshutshiso yemibutho yabasebenzi nguMongameli uGonzález Videla, wagwetyelwa ukubanjwa. Ndiyabulela kubahlobo, uNeruda wayiphepha intolongo kwaye wakwazi ukushiya ilizwe.

Ngelixa wayezifihlile, wapapasha enye ingqondi yakhe: "ICanto jikelele." Incwadi eyapapashwa eMexico kwaye yayiza kusasazwa ngokufihlakeleyo eChile. Ezi iminyaka yokuthinjwa babebuhlungu kakhulu kumbhali, oqhubeke nokufumana amabhaso anje nge Ibhaso loXolo leHlabathi, ngo-1950, Kunye namanye amagcisa afana UPablo Picasso kunye noNazim Hikmet. Ngaphandle kobuhlungu bakhe, wayenenkampani eqinileyo neyonwabileyo kaMatilde Urrutia, umfazi owayeza kuba liqabane lakhe kude kube ngumhla wokufa kwakhe. Naye kwafuneka aphile ngokufihlakeleyo ade ahlukane ngokusemthethweni nomfazi wakhe wangaphambili.

Ngo-1958 enye incwadi yayiza kupapashwa eyathi uNeruda ngokwakhe wayichaza njengeyona ncwadi yakhe isenyongweni: "Estravagario". Emva kwexesha wayeza kubhala eminye imisebenzi enje "Ilitha kunye nokusweleka kukaJoaquín Murieta".

Ngo-1971 wawongwa Ibhaso likaNobel kuNcwadi, kwaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Ngo-1973 wasweleka ngoSeptemba 11. Kwiintsuku emva kokubhubha kwakhe, baphanga ngokumasikizi amakhaya akhe eValparaíso naseSantiago, eyayiyinto yomsindo nengummangaliso kwabo babethanda umbhali.

Uhlobo loncwadi

Uhlobo lukaPablo Neruda lwalungathandabuzeki. Kubhaliwe egxile kuzo zonke izivamvo: ukuva, ukujoja, ukujonga, njl. Ngale nto wafuna i inkcazo yemeko okanye imvakalelo yendalo ngangokunokwenzeka ukugqithisa loo nyaniso kumfundi nokumenza angene kumbongo wakhe okanye ekubhaleni. INeruda yayichanekile xa ikhangela Amagama afanelekileyo anokuvuyisa umfundi, ngakumbi kwizinto ezingaphiliyo, zezona kunzima ukuzichaza.

Ndisebenzise izikweko kakhulu kunye nezifaniso ukwenza inkcazo eneenkcukacha kunye neemvakalelo zabantu, izinto, indalo, kunye neemvakalelo. Kuninzi Impembelelo yokuziqhelanisa kwiinkcazo zakhe, kuba wasebenzisa amabinzana anqabileyo kwaye anzima ukuchaza izinto ezilula, ezinje ngothando oluphulukileyo, umlingo wobusuku, njl. Uyabona kwakhona isimntwiso sezinto ezingaphiliyo kwisihobe sakhe xa ethetha ngebali elifana neBolívar kwi "Un Canto para Bolívar", ukufa e "Alturas de Macchu Picchu", okanye ulwandle e "Oda al mar". Esi isimntwiso sonyusa iziphumo kunye nemibongo kwindalo yonke kuba UNeruda wanikela ngobomi, imvakalelo kunye nokuphefumla kuzo zonke izinto ezisehlabathini.

Uhlobo olwahlukileyo onokuyonwabela kwimisebenzi engenakubalwa.