UMaribel Medina: inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho egxeka ububi obukhulu kuluntu.
Sinelungelo lokuba nebhlog yethu namhlanje UMaribel medina, (Pamplona, 1969) umyili we Inoveli trilogy inkwenkwezi emnyama ICoroner Laura Terraux kunye noMmeli we-Interpol uThomas Connors. UMaribel Medina ngumseki kunye nomongameli wangoku Ixesha labasetyhini elizimeleyo.
«UPablo wayemthubi kwaye wayezosula iinyembezi zakhe ngetshefu.Ndonwabile ukumbona elusizi, ndothuswa sisenzo sobuntu. Ndibe nephutha lokumgweba: Isidenge sasinentliziyo. Ukuba wayenokulilela inja, ngokuqinisekileyo angasikhulula ngenye imini. Ndacinga ukuba ezonyembezi zezethu, zenzelwe onke amantombazana awagcina ebakhoboka. "
(Igazi engceni. Maribel Medina)
Actualidad Literatura: I-Doping kwimidlalo ivula i-trilogy, iyaqhubeka kunye nenkohlakalo kwishishini lamachiza kunye novavanyo lwabantu kumazwe ahluphekileyo, kwaye iphetha ngokurhweba ngabantu. Imiba emithathu yempembelelo enkulu yentlalo ethandabuza ukusebenza kwenkqubo yangoku. Inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho njengokugxeka ububi boluntu lwethu?
UMaribel Medina: Inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho inemvelaphi yokugxekwa kwaye, ngalo mzuzu, yayiyile nto bendiyifuna. Ukubhala kwam yimagaphone yam ukukhwaza ukungabikho kobulungisa. Nam ayinamsebenzi ukuba ukungazi kuyintsikelelo, andikuthandi ukungazi kwaye ndifuna umfundi ondilandelayo enze njalo.
AL: Iindawo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwiiAlps zaseSwitzerland eSangre de Barro saya eIndiya ngeGazi elingafumanekiyo, ngakumbi kwisixeko saseBenares, ukusuka apho ukuya ePeru, kwigazi phakathi kweGrass, isavenge sokugqibela seTrilogy. Nasiphi na isizathu sendawo ezingafaniyo?
MM: Ndifuna umfundi ahambe nam. Oko uyazazi iindawo endizithandayo. Ukongeza ekubeni ngumntu omnye ophambili wenoveli.
AL: UMongameli we-NGO's Women's Time esebenza kuphuhliso lwabasetyhini eIndiya, Nepal, kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican naseSpain. Ukuzinikezela kuphuculo lwentlalo kubonakala kuyinto eqhubekayo kubomi bukaMaribel. Ngaba amava anzima ahlala phambi kwe-NGO anefuthe kumabali owathi kamva wawafaka ezincwadini zakho?
MM: Ngokuqinisekileyo kunjalo. Ndihleli eIndiya kwaye ndazibonela ngokwam into eyenziwa yiBig Pharma kwabona bahluphekayo. Wazalwa ngale ndlela Igazi elingenakuchukunyiswa. Ndikufumene kunomdla ukwazisa umfundi kwihlabathi elikude kakhulu nobomi bam bemihla ngemihla. IBenares sisixeko apho ukufa kuza ngokwendalo. Ubona abantu abadala belindele ukufa emahhokweni, ubukele umsi ophuma kwindawo ezininzi zokutshisa izidumbu ezijonga iGanges, ucatshukiswa yinkqubo yodidi olusalawulayo. Ndacinga ngendlela onokumzingela ngayo umbulali obulalayo kwindawo apho izitrato zingenagama, apho abantu abaninzi bafa bengenayo irekhodi. Kukho ubunyani obungaphezulu kunentsomi. Iinkampani ezinkulu zoxubo mayeza zinomfanekiso we-Eliminator, umntu onoxanduva lokufihla imikhwa emibi. Kwaye omnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili usebenza kwi-NGO. Uyabona…
AL: Yeyiphi eyona njongo iphambili yale noveli yesithathu?
MM: UMabel Lozano wathetha ngomlambo ePeru apho balahla khona amantombazana afileyo, ndaphanda kwelo lizwe ndafumana iLa Rinconada, isihogo emhlabeni. Yayigqibelele kum njengomboniso wendlela abalinganiswa bam abanamava ngayo. Umlawuli wephephandaba apho, uCorreo Puno, wandinika imikhondo emininzi, kunye nebhlog yaseSpain eyayikhe yabakho, okushiyekileyo ngumsebenzi wombhali wokuhambisa umfundi aye kuloo ndawo kwaye amnciphise kwaye abambe nentliziyo yakhe. Kwakungekho nzima kum.
Injongo icacile, ukugxeka ubukhoboka benkulungwane ye-XXI; ukuthwalwa kwabantu. Ayinyamezeleki into yokuba ilizwe elinjengeSpain lingenawo umthetho othintela ubuhenyu, oshiya kwilimbo elisemthethweni lokuba abantu basetyhini banokuthengwa, bathengiswe, baqeshiswe ngemvume yezopolitiko. Andikwazi ukuba ngumama obambeleyo, andinakuthengisa ngezintso, kodwa ndinokurenta. Iyahlekisa.
Igazi phakathi kwengca, isavenge sokugqibela se-Blood trilogy.
AL: I-coroner kunye nearhente ye-Interpol njengabalinganiswa abaphambili be-trilogy. Fika e ULaura Terraux kunye noThomas Connors Ekupheleni kwendlela kunye nezavenge zamva nje, Igazi engceni?
MM: Kum kwakubalulekile ukuba abalinganiswa abaphambili babengengomapolisa, andinguye kwaye andinalwazi lokuba ndenze njani uphando; Ndandifuna ukuba iincwadi zam zithembeke kangangoko. Ndiyathanda ukubhala ngento endiyaziyo.
Ukuba uThomas yindoda indinika umdlalo okhohlakeleyo, kuba uThomas wenoveli yam yokuqala: i-hedonist, i-womanizer, ukuzingca, ojongela phezulu ubomi babanye, utshintsha ngenxa yenyani eguqula ubomi bubheke ezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, uLaura ubugqwetha obumangalisayo, okhaliphileyo, ozimiseleyo, ocacileyo malunga noko akufunayo kunye nokulwa ngaphandle kwekota. Ukuba songeza kuloo nto kukutsala okuzelwe phakathi kwabo, kwenza isigqibo sesibini esifanelekileyo.
Ewe kukuphela kwendlela. Kwaye ndikhetha ukuyishiya phezulu ngaphambi kokuba abafundi bandirhoxise.
AL: Xa izihloko ezishushu njengezo zisencwadini zakho zisuswe, abalinganiswa abathile okanye izikhundla banokuziva bekhethiwe. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, xa kusenziwa ngokunyanzelwa kwedatha oyinikeze iinoveli. Ngaba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lokwaliwa okanye ukusabela okungalunganga kwicandelo elithile loluntu lwaseSpain?
MM: Ezona ngxaki zinkulu zazibangelwa ligazi lodaka. Umyeni wam wayeyimbaleki ebalaseleyo. Ngenye imini wandixelela ngexabiso ekufuneka ulibhatalile ukuze ufike eqongeni. Uye wandivuthela. Kwabonakala ngathi kukukhwabanisa okukhulu kum. Basithengisela intshukumo yeOlimpiki njengento enempilo kwaye egqibeleleyo, kodwa kuyaxoka. Ngasemva kukho oogqirha abaxakekileyo bathatha imbaleki bayise phezulu. Izithixo zemidlalo zenziwa elebhu.
Kwakunzima kwaye kugcwele ubunzima. Kwiinkokheli ezininzi ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunika udumo kunye nemali, oko kukuthi, ayongxaki, kutheni beza kundinceda? Ngethamsanqa abanye khange bacinge njalo, njenge-Interpol Lyon kunye no-Enrique Gómez Bastida -umlawuli we-Arhente yokulwa nokuDambisa iSpanish ngelo xesha. Ngumxholo kuphela apho ndiye ndasongelwa ngezikhalazo, kwaye iimbaleki ezivela kwimeko yomyeni wam ziyekile ukuthetha naye.
AL: Andizange ndicele umbhali ukuba akhethe phakathi kweenoveli zakhe, kodwa siyayithanda. Dibana nawe njengomfundi. Yeyiphi loo ncwadi ukhumbula ntoni ezizodwa sithandwa, yintoni ekuthuthuzelayo ukuba uyibone kwishelufa yakho? ¿nobulembuUmbhali onomdla kuye, apho ubaleka uye kwiivenkile zeencwadi nje ukuba zipapashwe?
MM: Ezo ndandizifunda kwishumi elivisayo. Imibongo ka Lord Byron ikrwele umgca ngaphantsi kwebinzana lakhe elithi "Ndinelizwe eliphambi kwam" ebelibonakala lilikhulu kum. Emva koko uBaudelaire kunye nengqokelela yakhe yemibongo iLas flores del mal yaqhekeza intloko yam: Ivesi ethi "Iinkumbulo zakho ezifakwe ngama-horizons" yaba yinjongo ebomini: Kwakufuneka ndilidle ihlabathi ngokuluma, ngaphandle komda ngaphandle kwam.
Kodwa umbhali ondiphawule kakhulu kwezoncwadi nguCurzio Malaparte. Iincwadi zakhe zazingqonge ubusuku bukatata. Kwandithatha iminyaka ukuqinisekisa ubungqina obubalaseleyo bokubhala kwakhe umbongo-ntatheli. UMalaparte ubhale malunga nosizi lweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi inelizwi elahlukileyo:
"Ndinomdla wokwazi ukuba ndizakufumana ntoni, ndikhangela izilo." Izilo zakhe zazinxalenye yohambo lwakhe.
Okwangoku babini kuphela ababhali endinazo zonke iimpapasho zabo: uJohn M. Coetzee noCarlos Zanón.
Ndisayivenkile ethengisa iincwadi kunye nomgangatho wethala leencwadi, ndiyakuthanda ukufunda zonke iintlobo zeenoveli, kodwa ndiye ndanyanzelisa kakhulu.
AL: Zintoni ezi amaxesha akhethekileyo omsebenzi wakho wobungcali? Ezo uya kuzixelela abazukulwana bakho.
MM: Ngosuku iarhente yam yokubhala yathengisela uxwebhu lweGazi lodaka kwi-intanethi. Ndabona ibhidi kwaye andikholwa. Kwakumnandi kakhulu, hayi ngenxa yemali, kodwa ngenxa yokuqinisekisa ukuba ndinento endifuna ukuyithetha kwaye yenziwe kakuhle.
AL: Ngala maxesha apho itekhnoloji ihlala ihleli kubomi bethu, akunakuphepheka ukubuza malunga ne nomphakathi, into eyahlula ababhali phakathi kwabo bayalayo njengesixhobo sobungcali kunye nabo babathandayo. Uhlala njani kuyo? Zizisa ntoni iinethiwekhi zentlalo? Ngaba bayakugqitha ukuphazamiseka?
MM: Zijongeka zilungile kum ukuba uyazilawula. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ayisosibophelelo. Andizange ndibhale imibuzo yobuqu, andibhencisi ubomi bam. Incwadi yeyona nto, ayindim.
Bayandivumela ukusondela kwabafundi okungaba nzima kakhulu.
AL: Incwadi yedijithali okanye iphepha?
MM: Iphepha.
AL: Ngaba ifayile ye- Ubugebenga boncwadi?
MM: Andicingi ngayo. Ngethuba nje silawulwa ngabapolitiki abangafundanga kwimiba yenkcubeko, akusayi kubakho myolelo okanye imithetho yokusohlwaya, ngoko kungcono ukuyihoxisa. Oko kude nokufikelela kwam.
AL: Ukuvala, njengesiqhelo, ndiza kukubuza owona mbuzo usondeleyo unokubuzwa ngumbhali:ngobaé uyabhala?
MM: Ndingowobizo kade. Ndicinga ukuba ukubhala kwam sisiphumo sokufunda kwam ngokungathandabuzekiyo, phantse kumda wobushushu. Emva kwamashumi amane ndaqala ukubhala kwaye yayiyinto yomsindo kunesidingo. Ndifuna ukuthetha ngokungabikho kokusesikweni okukhulu kwaye inoveli yayiphakathi. Emva koko impumelelo yandinyanzela ukuba ndiqhubeke. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndingazithathi njengombhali, ndibalisa nje ibali. Andinaso isidingo sokulungiselela ukubhala.
Gracias UMaribel medina, Sinqwenela impumelelo emininzi kuwo onke amacandelo obuchwephesha kunye nawobuqu, ukuba i-streak ingayeki kwaye uqhubeke usothusa kwaye ushukumisa isazela sethu ngenoveli nganye entsha.