Udliwanondlebe no-Inés Plana, umboniso wenoveli entsha yolwaphulo-mthetho eSpain.

InesPlana. UmhleliEspasa.

U-Inés Plana: Umbhali wesityhilelo sendlu yokupapasha i-Espasa kuhlobo olumnyama upapasha inoveli yakhe yesibini: Los Que No Aman Die Before.

Kuyasivuyisa ukuba namhla kwibhlog yethu u-Inés Plana (uBarbastro, 1959), umbhali wesityhilelo u-2018, ophumeleleyo kwintengiso ngenoveli yakhe yokuqala, Ukufa akuyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu, kwaye ndipapashe nje eyesibini Phambi kokuba abo bangenalo uthando bafe, Zombini zivela kwisandla sokupapasha i-Espasa.

«Yayingumbhobho obonakala ngathi uwile ezulwini ngobuqhophololo, ukumba nzulu emhlabeni kwaye kubangele umsantsa phakathi kwabantu kunye nethemba labo. Kwelinye icala bekukho abantu kunye nemali mboleko abangasakwaziyo ukuyihlawula, imisebenzi eyekile ukubakho, iinkampani ezigqithileyo, usizi, ukudideka. Kwelinye icala lomsantsa ongenakoyiswa: izindlu ezintle, iimoto ezintsha, iiholide kwiitropiki, ukhuseleko lomvuzo, uhambo lwempelaveki kunye namanye amaphupha amaninzi azaliseka. Akukho bhulorho yayizokwakhiwa ukubuyela kula mazwe alahlekileyo. Ngokuchasene noko, injongo yayikukuguqula bonke abo bahlala bengaphazamisekanga.

Actualidad Literatura: Periodista de carrera y escritora de culto en el género negro con tu primera novela. ¿Cómo ha sido el proceso? ¿Qué te llevó un día a decir «voy a escribir una novela, y va a ser una novela negra»?

Ines Plana: Bendikhe ndaziqhelanisa nokubhala iminyaka kwaye ekhaya ndisagcina amaphepha amabali, amabali kunye neenoveli zakuqala endigqiba kuzilahla kuba bezingenawo umgangatho endandiwukhangela, kodwa ndafunda lukhulu kwinkqubo. Kwafika ixesha apho ndaziva ndikulungele ukujongana nobunzima obukhulu kwinoveli. Ndandinomxholo entlokweni yam, eya kuthi kamva ibe "Ukufa ayisiyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu, kwaye ndisoyika kwaye ndinentlonipho ndaqala ukubhala isahluko sokuqala kwaye andizange ndiyeke. Kutheni inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho? Bendihlala nditsaleleka kuhlobo olo, kokubini kumdlalo bhanyabhanya nakwincwadi, kwaye besele ndigqibe kwelokuba ibali liza kuqala ngomfanekiso wendoda exhonyiweyo, ngolwaphulo-mthetho olubonakala lulungile olunokundikhokelela ekuhloleni ububi nokuba yintoni ikhohlakele kwaye inokuba yingozi.

AL: Isibetho sentlalontle sokurhweba ngabantu, sabantwana kule meko, ukuba ngamakhoboka nokudlwengulwa ngeenjongo zoqoqosho kuboniswe kakuhle kwinoveli yakho yesibini, Phambi kokuba abo bangenalo uthando bafe. Umxholo owoyikekayo, esaziyo sonke ukuba ukhona, kodwa ongaqhelekanga ukwenza amaphepha aphambili kumaphephandaba. Kuthekani ngokurhweba ngabantu, ii-mafia, iipimps ezisebenzisa abantu basetyhini kunye namantombazana njengezinto ezithengiswayo? Buphi ngokwenyani obu bukhoboka benkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ngamanye amaxesha, obubonakala bukho kuphela kwiinoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho?

IP: Kuqikelelwa ukuba ishishini lokuthengisa ngomzimba livelisa malunga nezigidi ezintlanu zeerandi ngosuku eSpain. Ikhowudi yesohlwayo ayithathi njengelityala ukuqasha umzimba womntu ukuze usebenze ngesondo, kuyimpimpi, kodwa abasetyhini abakhobokileyo bayasongelwa kwaye abanobuganga bokugxeka ukuba bangamaxhoba oxhatshazo ngokwesondo. Banyanzeliswa ukuba babandakanyeke kwisondo ngokuzithandela. Ke, kunzima ukubonisa phambi komthetho ukurhweba ngabantu basetyhini, ukuba ngamakhoboka ngenkulungwane ye-XXI. Kwi-European Union, ixhoba elinye kwabane ngumntwana oselula. Uhlawula ngaphezulu kakhulu kubo kunokuba umfazi omdala. Le yinyaniso engummangaliso yokuba, kwakhona, idlula yonke into enokuxelwa kwinoveli.

AL: Uxelela malunga nenveli yakho yokuqala, Ukufa akuyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu, yintoni Kuvela kumava obomi othusayo: ubone umntu oxhonyiweyo, ejinga emthini, ngelixa uloliwe. Vula Phambi kokuba abo bangenalo uthando bafe Ukongeza ekurhwebeni ngabantwana abancinci, uninzi lweemveliso ezingasemva ziyanqumama ezibonisa ubulolo bokwaluphala, ukungabikho zingqondweni komfazi omncinci okwaziyo ukutshabalalisa usapho kunye nabo bonke abo bamthandayo, umama ombi oneentombi zakhe ezithintelayo, ukwaliwa oonogada bakarhulumente kwiindawo zabo zemvelaphi okanye kwiintsapho zabo kwiindawo ezithile zaseSpain, ukungcatshwa phakathi kwabahlobo ... Yintoni ekubethayo malunga nezi njongo zesibini ukuzikhetha njengodonga lwesine lwe  Phambi kokuba abo bangenalo uthando bafe?

IP: Ndiyothuswa yiyo yonke into ebangela iintlungu, ukungabikho kobulungisa, kwaye ngelishwa inyani indinika izinto ezininzi zokundikhuthaza kwezona ndawo zimnyama nakwindlela yokuziphatha kwimeko yomntu. Ndingumbhali, kodwa ndikwangunondaba. Ndihlala kufutshane nenyani, ndiyayibona ngumoya ogxekayo, kubuhlungu kwaye ndiphelelwe lithemba xa kungekho nto iyenziwayo ukuyiphucula okanye ukuyinika isidima. Zombini kwinoveli yam yokuqala nakwesesibini bendifuna ukubonisa ubunyani obungcolileyo obuvela kwintsomi, sisixhobo endinaso. Inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ivumela ukusetyenziswa kweentsomi ukugxeka abantu kwaye, kwangaxeshanye ukuba abafundi bayalonwabela ibali, banokufumana izinto ezimnyama zoluntu abangakhange baziqaphele kwaye zibacaphukise ukuba babonakalise kumaxesha esiphila kuwo.

AL: Usete iinoveli zakho kwiidolophana ezincinci eCastile kwaye ngeli xesha ukwindawo yaseGalician, eCosta Da Morte. Uvés, Los Herreros, Cieña,… ziidolophu apho umfundi ahamba khona ngesandla sakho, uziva ekugqibeleni ungomnye nje ummelwane. Ngaba zikhona iindawo ezinjalo?

IP: Zombini iiUv kuLuntu lwaseMadrid naseLos Herreros ePalencia okanye eCieña eCosta da Morte zizimo zokucinga. Kuzo kukho iimeko apho, ngenxa yesizathu esithile okanye esinye, andifuni ukukhetha ngokukhetha iindawo zokwenyani. Ndiziva ndikhululekile ukuba ndiyenze into enje. Kodwa zonke ezo ndawo zineentsomi zinesiseko sokwenyani, iidolophu ezindikhuthazayo nezaye zasebenza njengesalathiso, nangona ingenguye lowo, kodwa ndinemixube yezinto ezininzi de zibe yimeko enye.

AL: Abalinganiswa abaphambili ngokugqwesa kuhlobo olumnyama lwaseMelika ngabecuphi babucala kunye nabaseSpain, amapolisa. Nangona iinkwenkwezi zoLondolozo loLuntu kwezinye zeenkqutyana ezidumileyo ezimnyama, ayisiyiyo le ikhethwe ngababhali bohlobo olo. Kuluhlu lwakho olumnyama usibonisa abantu ababini, abagadi bokwenyani bokwenyani: uLieutenant Julián Tresser kunye noCoral Coira, akukho namnye kubo ohamba kwelona xesha lilungileyo, kutheni oonogada bakarhulumente? ICold Guard ngumzimba onemigaqo yomkhosi, owahlukileyo emapoliseni, kwaye isisombululo osibhala ngaso sityhila iiyure ezininzi zophando, ngaba bekunzima ukwazi ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komzimba kunye nefuthe kubomi bobuqu ingcali kwezonyulo?

Abo bangathandiyo bafa ngaphambili

ILos Que No Aman Die Ngaphambi, inoveli entsha ka-Inés Plana: ijongene nabantwana, ukuthutyeleziswa kweengalo nobunongogo.

IP: Ewe bekunjalo, kuba uKhuseleko loLuntu lunomsebenzi wangaphakathi ontsonkothileyo, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yobume bomkhosi, ngokungafaniyo neminye imikhosi yamapolisa. Kodwa ndinoncedo lukaGermán, usayitsheni woLondolozo loLuntu, ingcali engaqhelekanga kunye nomntu ongaqhelekanga oye wandichazela izinto ezithile zeCorps ngomonde omkhulu kuye, kuba akukho lula ukuwaqonda okokuqala . Kum ngumceli mngeni kwaye ukusukela kumzuzu wokuqala ndaqala ukucinga ngesiqwenga "sokufa ayisiyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu" bendicacile ukuba abaphandi baya kuba ngoonogada bakarhulumente. Ukusuka kwinoveli enye ukuya kwelinye ndikwazile ukufunda okungakumbi ngobomi babo, iingxaki zabo zemihla ngemihla kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo, into encomekayo, kuba banomoya wokuzinikezela okungaqhelekanga kwaye akukho lula ukujongana neemvakalelo ngokwasemsebenzini. , kumaxesha amaninzi, igqityiwe. Ngapha koko, banamazinga aphezulu okuzibulala kwaye eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba azonelanga izibonelelo ezabelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ukhathalelo lwengqondo lokuthintela.

AL: Uza kwihlabathi lenoveli emva komsebenzi obalulekileyo wobuntatheli. Inoveli yakho yokuqala Ukufa akuyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu ibiyinoveli yokutyhilwa yohlobo olumnyama kunye Phambi kokuba abo bangenalo uthando bafe Sele inuka kwaye iyathanda umthengisi ogqibelele. Ngaba kukho amaxesha angalibalekiyo kule nkqubo? Uhlobo oya kuligcina ngonaphakade.

IP: Zininzi, zenziwe ngeemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo endizingene ngaphakathi. Ndikhumbula iintlanganiso kunye nabafundi kwiiklabhu zokufunda njengelinye lawona maxesha abalulekileyo ebomini bam, kunye nokunikezelwa eMadrid "Ukufa akuyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu" kunye nezo ndazenzayo kumhlaba wam, iAragon. Kwidolophu yam, iBarbastro, ndamkelwa ngendlela endingasoze ndiyilibale, njengaseZaragoza naseHuesca. Yayiyincwadi yam yokuqala kwaye ndayihlala yonke ngamandla amakhulu, kwakunzima kum ukuba ndikholelwe ukuba yonke into entle kangaka yayisenzeka kum. Andilibali nokuba ndikonwabele kangakanani na kwiminyhadala yolwaphulo-mthetho, kwimiboniso nakwintetho kwizixeko ezininzi zaseSpain kwaye ndihlala nabantu endiye ndadibana nabo kwinoveli yam nabo ndadibana nabo ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

AL: Ububongoza njani ubuchule? Ngaba unayo imikhwa okanye izinto ozithandayo xa ubhala? Ngaba wabelana ngebali ngaphambi kokulibona likhanyise okanye uligcina kuwe de ucinge ukuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe?

IP: Ukuphefumlelwa kuyatshintsha kwaye kuza xa kuthanda, hayi xa ufuna oko, ngenxa yoko andisoloko ndilinde oko. Ndikhetha ukuqala ukubhala kwaye makube ngowam umsebenzi, ukunyanzelisa ukuba kwenziwe, okuvula ingqondo yam kwaye kundibonise iindlela. Okwangoku, ukuba bendinokukhankanya umthombo okhuthazayo, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba ngumculo kum. Andimameli ngelixa ndibhala, andikwazi kuba ndiseziko, kodwa phakathi kweeseshoni zokubhala ndimamela iingoma uninzi lwamaxesha olungenanto yakwenza nesihloko endijongene naso kodwa esenza imifanekiso Ingqondo, cebisa iimeko kunye nezimo zengqondo zabalinganiswa ezindinceda kakhulu kwaye endizithatha njengezixabisekileyo. Andina manias xa ndiqala ukubhala. Ndifuna nje ukuthula kwaye akukho mntu okanye akukho nto indiphazamisayo, engasoloko ifezekiswa, kodwa ndizama ukuyenza loo ndlela kuba ngumsebenzi ofuna ukugxila kakhulu kunye nemeko ekhethekileyo yengqondo endibeka ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo umhlaba. Kukho kuphela ibali endifuna ukulithetha kwaye akukho nto iyenye. Yinkqubo enzima evelisa ukunganqabiseki, ekunyanzela ukuba uthathe izigqibo, ukuba ayizizo ezichanekileyo, ezinokuqhekeza iziseko zenoveli. Kufuneka silumke. Xa ndinezahluko ezininzi, ndizinika iqabane lam, nalo elibhalayo, ukuba lifunde oko likubonileyo kwaye linike izimvo ngalo.

AL: Singathanda ukuba usivulele umphefumlo womfundi wakho: zithini ezincwadi zihamba iminyaka kwaye, amaxesha ngamaxesha, uyafunda kwakhona? Nawuphi na umbhali onomdla kuye, uhlobo oluthengayo oluthengayo olupapashiweyo?

IP: Ndidla ngokufunda kwakhona kakhulu. Ndinababhali endiya kubo rhoqo kuba ndihlala ndifunda izinto ezintsha kubo. Le yimeko kaTolstoy, uJane Austen okanye uFlaubert, umzekelo. Kukho umbhali wangoku endithanda kakhulu, uEnrique Vila-Matas. Nditsaleleke kumhlaba awubonakalisayo kunye nendlela ayibalisa ngayo, kodwa andikhathazeki ngokulandela nawuphi na umbhali. Ndithenga iincwadi endinezalathiso ezilungileyo kwaye inyani kukuba ndiyathanda ukuphucula xa ndityelele ivenkile yeencwadi.

AL: Kuthiwani ngobuqhetseba bokubhala ukuba umhla emva kokuba inoveli ikhutshiwe, inokukhutshelwa nakweliphi na iphepha lepirate? Wenza umonakalo ongakanani kubabhali?

IP: Yenza umonakalo omkhulu, ewe. Kubuhlungu ukuba, inene, phantse umzuzu upapashiwe inoveli sele inikezelwa simahla kwi-Intanethi. La maxesha siphila kuwo ngokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo anezo miphetho zihlala zingafakwanga. Andinaso isisombululo sokuyeka ubuqhetseba, kuba ndingummi olula, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiinkokheli zethu ukwenza njalo kwaye andazi ukuba benza umzamo ofunekayo ngulo mcimbi owonakalisa indalo nenkcubeko kakhulu.

AL: Iphepha okanye idijithali?

IP: Ndiyathanda ukufunda ephepheni, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ndiyenza kwithebhulethi, kodwa ndiyalithanda elo siko lokuguqula amaphepha, elona vumba likhethekileyo lencwadi esandula ukuthengwa ... Ngayiphi na imeko, into ebalulekileyo kukufunda, nokuba yintoni oluphakathi. Yeyona mikhwa isempilweni engqondweni kwaye yeyona ityebisayo ikhoyo.

AL: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umfanekiso wombhali utshintshe kakhulu. Umfanekiso weklasikhi wobuchwephesha, owazisa kunye nobuchule bokuzinikela uye wanika ababhali abaninzi beendaba, abazazisa kwihlabathi ngokusebenzisa iinethiwekhi zentlalo kwaye banamawaka kunye namakhulu amawaka abalandeli kwi-Twitter. Abanye bahlala, abanye, njengoLornzo Silva, bayashiya. Linjani ityala lakho? Buyintoni ubudlelwane kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo?

IP: Oko ndapapasha inoveli yam yokuqala, amava am kuthungelwano, ngokulula, ayamangalisa. Baye bandivumela ukuba ndinxibelelane nabafundi bam, esidlangalaleni okanye ngemiyalezo yabucala. Ngexesha lokubhalwa kwenoveli yam yesibini ndiye ndaziva uthando kunye nentlonipho yabantu abaninzi kakhulu abafunda ukuba "Ukufa akuyiyo eyona nto ibuhlungu" kwaye bebelinde ibali lam elilandelayo, endiya kuba nombulelo kulo kanaphakade. Ndingumntu onentlalontle, ndiyabathanda abantu, kwaye kwinethiwekhi ndiziva ndiphakathi kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba ihlala iqhubeka ngoluhlobo.

AL: Ukuvala, njengesiqhelo, ndiza kukubuza owona mbuzo ubalulekileyo umbhali anokuwubuza: Kutheni ubhala?

IP: Kuyimfuneko, andikhumbuli nokuba lube lunye usuku ebomini bam apho ndingakhange ndibhale nto okanye ndingacingi ukuba ndiza kubhala ntoni. Ndisemncinci kakhulu ndide ndingafundanga nokubhala, abazali bam bandixelela ukuba sele ndiphucula imibongo kwaye ndiyicengceleza ngokuvakalayo. Ndiyakholelwa ekubeni ndazalwa ndinenkxalabo enxulumene nam kwaye ndicinga ukuba ndaba yintatheli ukuze ingaze indilahle. Ukubhala liqabane lam lobomi kwaye andikhange ndibucinge ubukho bam ngaphandle kwayo.

Enkosi u-Inés Plana, ndinqwenela ukuba niqhubeke nale mpumelelo intle kwaye uJulián Tresser no-Corporate Guillermo Coira banobomi obude obonwabisayo abafundi benu.


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