Sinelungelo lokuba nebhlog yethu namhlanje UVictor woMthi, Barcelona, 1968, Ophumeleleyo Imbasa kaNadal 2016 yi Ubusuku phantse yonke into, IChevalier des Arts et des Lettres kuRhulumente weRiphabhlikhi yaseFrance, umbhali othengisa kakhulu njenge Isigidi sehla o Usizi lweSamurai.
UVíctor del Árbol wenza inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ibe yinto engaphaya kohlobo. Ngalinye lamabali abo lahlukile, liqala kwangoko, akukho nto inokuqikelelwa. Akukho nanye iinoveli zakhe ezikulungiselela elandelayo. Kuyamangalisa, kuyonwabisa, kwabo babhali abathanda umfundi, abamkhubazayo ukuba akhethe phakathi kwemisebenzi yabo kuba ngamnye ushiye uphawu olunzulu kwimemori yakhe.
Actualidad Literatura: Uhlala usithi ukuthanda kwakho uncwadi kwaqala ebuntwaneni, kwithala leencwadi kwindawo ohlala kuyo eBarcelona, apho umama wakho wakushiya nabantakwenu ngelixa wayesiya emsebenzini: yeyiphi loo ncwadi eyenza ukuba ucinge "Xa ndikhula phezulu ndiza kuba ngumbhali"?
UVictor woMthi: Kwinqanaba ngalinye bekukho eyahlukileyo, kwaye abanye babo babedlula kumaxesha okuzala ukuze bahlale njengamaqabane athembekileyo ubomi bam bonke. Ukusuka kwezo comics zakudala zatshintshwa ukusuka ebuntwaneni zaya eCoetzee, iincwadi kunye nababhali abanjengoSteinbeck, Faulkner, Fietzcherald, Dostoyevsky, Delibes, Matute, Mallarmé, Lope bandingenile ... Amakhulu eminyaka yokuba wedwa nguGarcía Marquez, Hombres del Maíz nguMiguel Ángel Asturias ... Ukuba bekukho into ecacileyo, andazi. Wonke umntu wayendimema ukuba ndizame. Ngenxa yezizathu zeemvakalelo ndikhumbula enye ebalulekileyo: "Cela umlimi waseSpain" nguR. Yayiyimbasa yebhaso lam lokuqala loncwadi (ndineminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu) kwaye ngomzuzu othile ekukhuleni kwam ndaqonda lukhulu xa ndafumanisa “uDe Profundis” ngu-Oscar Wilde. Ndiqale amanyathelo am okuqala ngehlombe ngeMbali kwaye kwakukhuthaza ukufunda iincwadi zikaPaul Preston noHugh Thomas kwiMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseSpain, okanye iChronicle ye-Indies nguBartolomé de las Casas. Ndibe nexesha elimnandi neencwadi zikaFollet xa ndandingekazibhali iiNtsika Zomhlaba, kunye noVozquez Figueroa kunye neTuareg yakhe, noMarsé kunye neeAfternoons zakhe zokugqibela enoTeresa… Ngapha koko, masime ngoku.
AL: Chevalier des Arts et des lettres in 2017. Wabelana ngebhaso nabanye baseSpain abadumileyo abanjengoCarmen Maura othe waphuhlisa inxenye yomsebenzi wakhe wobungcali kumanqanaba aseFrance, okanye uArturo Pérez Reverte, kunye nobuntu be-stature yangoku Inoveli kuncwadi uBob Dylan, okanye ukubala abambalwa uMaryl Streep, uClint Eastwood, uShakira, uCarlos Vives… Ingaba uVictor del Arbol usemfashinini eFrance, yenye yeemarike ezinkulu zohlobo olumnyama? Lithetha ntoni eli bhaso kwikhondo lomsebenzi wobungcali?
VDA: Andikuthandi ukucinga ukuba ndingumbhali wefashoni eFrance kuba iifashoni ziyadlula kwaye ndicinga ukuba sonke esizinikezela kule nto sinomnqweno wokunyamezela. Ngokuchasene noko, into endonwabisayo kukubona ukuba eminye yemisebenzi yam iyinxalenye yento esiyibiza ngokuba "ngamathala eencwadi angasemva" kwaye nangona iminyaka iqhubeka ifundwa. Kubonakala kum ngathi kubalulekile ukuba incwadi ifundwe ngaphandle kwexesha eyabhalwa ngalo kwaye isasebenza. Oko kubenza babe ziiklasikhi.
Ndingathanda ukukholelwa ukuba ukubizwa ngokuba yiChevalier des Arts et lettres ngurhulumente waseFrance kuyakundenza umbhali ongcono, kodwa ndiyoyika ukuba akunjalo. Ndamkele oku kwamkelwa ngolonwabo olukhulu, kodwa ndisazi ukuba uluvo lwabanye nolwam alunyanzelekanga ukuba luhambisane. Amagama ookhokho bakho owacaphulayo athetha ngokwabo ngomkhondo kunye nesiganeko endikude ukufikelela kuso. Kodwa kunjalo kukukhuthaza ukuqhubeka uzama. Inxalenye encinci yam endingenakuyithintela ndingathanda ukuba le ndawo ibalulekileyo ithambise indlela kancinci ekhaya, kodwa andonwabanga. Kufuneka siqhubeke.
AL: Ababhali baxuba kunye ne-centrifuge iinkumbulo zabo kunye namabali abakhe bawavusa ukwenza abalinganiswa kunye neemeko, ubuchwephesha bakho obudala, amava akho eMossos, ngaba kuye kwaba lukhuthazo kuwe?
VDA: Ukuveliswa kwimemori yobuqu sisifundo endibhala ngaso. Ingcambu yayo yonke into ikhona, phakathi kwamaphepha edlulileyo akhuthazayo, abuyayo kwakhona, okhubazekileyo kunye nokuzilungisa kwakhona. Amava abalulekileyo njengoMosso ayinxalenye yaloo magma enkumbulo kunye namava. Kulapho, phakathi kwamaphepha, ngendlela engacacanga, nakum. Uloyiko lwam, ukufumanisa kwam, ukuphoxeka kwam kunye nokuncoma kwam. Inxalenye yobomi bam.
AL: Uhlobo olumnyama, kodwa ngokungafaniyo neninzi yababhali belo hlobo, akukho mlinganiswa uyaziphindayo, abaqhubeki, ngaba kukho nabani na phakathi kwenu ocinga ukuba kufuneka enze inkwenkwezi kwelinye lamabali akho kwakhona kwixesha elizayo okanye ukuqala omnye ukusuka ekuqaleni?
VDA: Mhlawumbi ngamanye amaxesha abanye baya kuhlala, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku andikhe ndiyive loo mfuno. Kufanele ukuba abe ngumntu ongenakulibaleka, okwaziyo ukubonisa zonke iinkalo zakhe kunye nokuzivelela kwakhe kule minyaka, umzekelo uPetra Delicado ovela kuAlicia G. Bartlett endimthandayo.
AL: Amaxesha amaninzi amahle aqhuba kwaye aqinise ikhondo lakho lobungcali njengempumelelo eFrance ye Intlungu kaSamurai, okanye ibhaso likaNadal Ubusuku phantse yonke into. Okwakho, njengombhali nanjengomntu, ngawaphi awona maxesha akhethekileyo omsebenzi wakho wobungcali? Ezo uya kuzixelela abazukulwana bakho.
VDA: Ukuqala kwam ukubona inoveli yam kwiivenkile ezithengisa iincwadi (“El Peso de los Muertos”), isiciko seLa Vanguardia eSant Jordi apho yabonakala kunye noJuan Marsé, omnye wababhali endandibabhalile, icuba endatshaya kulo kwakusasa ePlaza emva komsitho kaNadal kwaye ndishiywe ndedwa ndicinga ngobuntwana bam, bazalwana bam. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, ndicinga ukuba ndiza kubaxelela abazukulwana bam ukuba okona kulungileyo kuseza, kwaye kuyinyani.
AL: Incwadi yakho yamva nje, Ngaphezulu kwemvula, epapashwe ngo-2017, ngaba sele ikhona iprojekthi elandelayo? Ngaba ungomnye wabo baqala inoveli elandelayo nje ukuba idlule, okanye ngaba ufuna ixesha lokuyila ngokutsha?
VDA: Ndiliyeka ixesha lidlule, nangona izimvo zingangeni okanye zivele ngokuzenzekelayo. Yinkqubo yokuyila kwaye andisoloko ndiyilawula. Ngamanye amaxesha njengoko ndibhala kukho iifreyimu kweminye imimandla endikhuthazayo, ndithatha amanqaku kwaye ndiwagcine ukuze aqole kamva. Ngamanye amaxesha ndibhala amaphepha ambalwa ukubona ukuba ndiziva ndikhululekile, ukuba iyasebenza. Ukuba akunjalo, shiya.
Ndisebenza kwibali elitsha, kwinkqubo yokubhalwa kwamaxwebhu kunye nokudibanisa amathambo, abalinganiswa… Iya kuba yinkqubo ende ngaphambi kokuba ndiqale ukubhala.
AL: Unenoveli ebhaliweyo nengapapashwanga, iinzonzobila zamaphupha, eyayingowokugqibela kwiMbasa kaFernando Lara ka-2008. Siyazi ukuba yinoveli yomcuphi. Ngaba awunandawo kule marike yokhuphiswano, okanye ngaba nguwe ongasafuni kuyifumana?
VDA: Andiqondi ukuba yinoveli elungileyo, nangona umbono inguye, kuthatha umsebenzi omninzi kwaye andiziva ngathi ndithatha inyathelo ukubuyela kuwo. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini.
AL: Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ozithandayo okanye imikhwa xa ubhala? Bathi uyathanda ukuhlala ubhale kwithambeka lebha engezantsi kwendlu yakho. Ngaba usengayenza loo nto okanye impumelelo iyakuzivalela ekhaya?
VDA: Hahaha, ewe, ndiyaqhubeka ukuyenza. Ngamanye amaxesha umthengi uza kum, andibulise okanye andibuze ukuba ndisayine incwadi, kodwa bangabantu abanobubele kwaye bayayihlonipha imfihlo. Abanini bam bayandazi kwaye abaxakekisi ngam nokuba ndibacela i-latte rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini. Ebusika kuyanzima ngakumbi, kodwa ngumcimbi wokubopha kakuhle. Ndiyathanda ukubhala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ndingqongwe zizinto ezenzekayo, kunye neecuba zam, amanqaku am. Ngalo naliphi na ixesha kwaye ndiziva ndidiniwe.
AL: Umntu oza kubonisa umsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kokuba abavumele babone ukukhanya?
VDA: ULola, owayesakuba liqabane lam, wayedla ngokuzifunda. Undenze ndabona izinto ezinomdla kakhulu ebendingazazi. Ngoku ndiqhubela phambili umhleli wam okanye ndicela umfazi wam ukuba afunde izahluko ezimbalwa ukuze abone ukuba liphefumla njani ibali. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo ogxeka njengam. Ekupheleni kosuku, ndiyayazi into endiyicebisayo kwaye ndikufuphi okanye ndikude kangakanani ukufezekisa.
AL: Iinoveli zakho zingena njani kuluntu lwanamhlanje? Ubhala nini ofuna abafundi bakukhumbule ngawe? Zithini izihloko onomdla kuzo ngaphaya kwembali ezigubungelayo?
VDA: Ziyangena kunye nomnqweno wokudibanisa umxholo kunye nekhonteyina. Intetho ehlaziyiweyo, eyonwabisayo, ethe ngqo yokuxela iinyani ezifanayo ezindala, amathandabuzo angaze abangele kunye nemixholo yendalo iphela kubugcisa, umnqweno wokuphanda ngento esiyiyo kunye nentsingiselo yako konke oku sikubiza ngokuba buBukho. Ndinomdla wokulahleka kobuntwana, umbuzo wenkohlakalo kunye nombuzo wokulungileyo nokubi.
Andazi ukuba abafundi bazokukhumbula ntoni, andazi ukuba baya kuyikhumbula na into, ukuba ndiza kuhamba na ukuba zininzi kangakanani izinto ezenzekayo ngaphandle kokushiya into efanelekileyo.
Kodwa ndihlala ndicinga ukuba igama, umhlathi, incwadi inokuvula iminyango yokuba umntu angene ngokwakhe kwaye ashiye isininzi sezinto ezingaqinisekanga zobuqu zisonjululwe.
AL: Andizukucela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kweenoveli zakho, kodwa ndiza kukucela ukuba usivulele umphefumlo womfundi wakho.Zeziphi ezona ncwadi zigugileyo kwilayibrari yakho, ezihamba nawe uhlala ufunda kwakhona? Nawuphi na umbhali onomdla kuye, ngaba uhlobo oluthengayo kuphela okupapashiweyo?
VDA: Ndiyifundile yonke imisebenzi kaDelibes, okuninzi okubhaliweyo kwaye kwapapashwa malunga neCamus, ndiphinde ndifunda iiNtsuku zokugqibela kunye noTeresa amaxesha amaninzi. Kwaye ndiyifundile into ayipapashayo kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba ivele iguqulelwe kuPaul Auster noCoetzee. Ndiligcina ngothando i-anthology ye-Spanish Poetry enendawo ekhethekileyo yombongo othile ka-Antonio Machado.
AL: Ngoku ukuba ulifezekisile iphupha labo bonke ababhali lokuziphilisa ngomsebenzi wakho, ngaba ubugebenga boncwadi buyakukhathaza?
VDA: Ayindim kuphela, kodwa kuye nawuphina umntu oziva ngokwenyani nayiphi na intetho yokuyila eyakhe. Kukho iindlela zasimahla zokufikelela kufundo ngaphandle kokweba: amathala eencwadi, iincwadi ezinamaxabiso ancitshisiweyo, iincwadi ezinamaphepha, iimali mboleko, amanyathelo okutshintshiselana. Okwangoku, ndixhalabile ngakumbi ngasemva kweshishini le-opaque lokukhuphela ngokungekho mthethweni. Namhlanje siyazi ukuba emva kolu thando lobuxoki kukho izigidi ezibiweyo ezijongela phantsi amathuba okuba abanye ababhali bakubone ukukhanya ngesiqinisekiso esincinci sokucaca kunye nomgangatho. Andazi ukuba ndingalibala njani ixabiso lemali lencwadi kodwa ndiwazi wonke umsebenzi osemva kwayo ukuze iphele ifikelela kumfundi, ababhali, abapapashi, abathengisi beencwadi, ubuntatheli bezenkcubeko ... Baninzi abantu abaphela bonakele ukuba abambalwa bazityebise ngokungekho mthethweni. Siyayazi iminyaka, siyibonile kwintengiso yomculo. Isiyatha sinokufunda ukungazi; Kuba kububudenge ukungafuni ukubona ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha esi sicwangciso siyingozi kuwo wonke umntu.
AL: Ezi ntsuku xa ukumka kukaLorenzo Silva kwi-Twitter sisihloko esihamba phambili, andinakukunceda kodwa ndikubuze: Bunjani ubudlelwane bakho nenethiwekhi yoluntu? Ngaba bayamnceda umbhali ukuba aqhakamshelane nabafundi okanye ngaba lihlathi elenza kuphela ukuphazamiseka?
VDA: Ukunyaniseka, ixesha ngalinye kude kancinci. Nangona ndithandabuza ukuyeka kuba ndiye ndadibana nezinto ezinkulu kwaye ndafumanisa kwimidiya yoluntu. Isitshixo kukugcina imbeko, kanye njengokuba ubuya kwenza ukuba ubunalo mntu uphambi kwakho. Iinethiwekhi zizindlela zonxibelelwano notshintshiselwano endizithandayo, kodwa ii-troll ziphumelela umdlalo, i-narcissists, abo bafuna ukuthandwa ngeendleko zakho, batsala umdla ... Iphela iyadinisa kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke, iyatyhafisa. Kodwa kufanelekile.
AL: Iphepha okanye ifomathi yedijithali?
VDA: Iphepha.
AL: Ukuvala, njengamaxesha onke, ndiza kukubuza owona mbuzo usondeleyo ungawubuza umbhali: Kutheni ubhala?
VDA: Ngenye imini ndiza kuyazi. Okanye mhlawumbi awufuni ukwazi. Mhlawumbi ufuna ukuqhubeka uyenza.
Enkosi Víctor del Árbol, ndinqwenela ukuba niqhubeke niphumelele kwaye niqhubeke nokusinika iinoveli ezintle.