UJorge Guillen

UJorge Guillén Álvarez (Valladolid, 1893 - Málaga, 1984) wayelilungu lembongi kwisizukulwana sama-27 ebonakaliswa ngumbono ongaqhelekanga kwihlabathi. Lo mbono wamenza intshaba phakathi kwamagcisa amaninzi aseSpain awayefumana ubunzima emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya. Ngesi sizathu, ababhali-mbali bahlala bethelekisa isikhundla sakhe (ngokuchasene) nombono wombongo wethemba lika-Aleixandre.

Kwelinye icala, uGuillén uthathwa njengembongi esekupheleni-ukupapashwa kwakhe kokuqala kwavela xa wayeneminyaka engama-35 ubudala-kunye nomfundi othe ngqo kaJuan Ramón Jiménez. Phambi kokuqala kwayo koncwadi, Wayekhonza njengomgxeki kunye nentsebenziswano kwiimagazini ezibaluleke kakhulu zexesha laseSpain. Phakathi kwabo, Spain, La Pluma, Isalathiso y Imagazini yaseNtshona.

I-Biography

UJorge Guillén wazalelwa eValladolid, NgoJanuwari 13, 1893. Ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe waya kwiColegio de San Gregorio de wafudukela eFreiburg eneminyaka eli-16 ukuya kufunda isiFrentshi. Kamva, ndahlala kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiMadrid Student Residence ngelixa ndifunda ifilosofi kunye neeleta kwikomkhulu laseSpain. Nangona isidanga sakhe ekugqibeleni safunyanwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseGranada.

Umtshato kunye nemisebenzi yokuqala yokufunda

Phakathi kuka-1909 no-1911 wayehlala eSwitzerland. Ke ukusuka ngo-1917 ukuya ku-1923 wayengumfundi waseSpain eLa Soborna eParis, apho aqala khona ukubhala imibongo yakhe yokuqala. Eli yayilixesha lehambo ezininzi; kwenye yazo wadibana noGermaine Cahen, owatshata naye ngo-1921. Esi sibini sasinabantwana ababini, uClaudio noTeresa (Owokuqala waba ngumgxeki kunye nochwephesha kuthelekiso loncwadi).

UJorge Guillén wabuyela eSpain ngo-1923. Kunyaka olandelayo Ufumene ubugqirha kwaye ukususela ngo-1925 waqalisa ukufundisa uncwadi lweSpanish kwiYunivesithi yaseMurcia. Ngaphandle kokuzibophelela kwezemfundo, uGuillén waya rhoqo eResidencia de los Estudiantes, apho wenza izihlobo ezinje ngoFederico García Lorca noRafael Alberti.

Indima yakho ngaphakathi kwesiZukulwana sama-27

I-1920s yayilixesha apho uGuillén aqala ukusebenza ngaphakathi komsinga "wemibongo emsulwa." Yayilutyekelo loyilo olubonakaliswa kukuchaneka komxholo kunye nokungabikho kwezihombiso eziqhelekileyo zala maxesha. Iposi yakho yokuqala, Ukucula (1923), yayiquka imibongo engama-75 eyapapashwa ngo Imagazini yaseNtshona.

UGuillén wakha imibhalo yakhe njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo, ke ngoko, Ukucula Yapapashwa ngokulandelelana de kwangowe-1950. Ubungqongqo bakhe bokulibazisa bulibazise ukupapashwa kwe Ukucula kwifomathi yencwadi kude kube ngo-1928. Olu hlobo lwengoma ehlaziyiweyo lwamkelwa nangabanye oogxa Isizukulwana se-27. Phakathi kwabo, uPedro Salinas, uVicente Aleixandre noDámaso Alonso.

Ngaphambi nasemva kweMfazwe yamakhaya

UJorge Guillén ugqibe isidanga sobugqirha sesibini e-Oxford phakathi kowe-1929 nowe-1931. Ukubuyela eSpain Usebenze njengoNjingalwazi woNcwadi kwiYunivesithi yaseSeville de kwaqhambuka iMfazwe yamakhaya ngo-1936. Emva kokuqala kwemfazwe, wabanjwa ngokufutshane ePamplona, ​​xa sele evalelwe wabuyela kwindawo yakhe eSeville waguqula Ndiculela abafeli-nkolo baseSpain NguPaul Claudel.

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Ukucula

Lo msebenzi watolikwa njengendlela yokusondela kwi-Spanish Falange kwaye uGuillén akazange athathe thuba lide ukuzisola. Ngayiphi na imeko, uMphathiswa Wezemfundo wayemalela ukuba abambe izikhundla kwezemfundo okanye kwezolawulo. Ngesi sizathu, UGuillén wagqiba kwelokuba aye elubhacweni e-United States ngo-1938.

Ukugxothwa

EMntla Melika, uGuillén ubuyile ekufundiseni uNcwadi kunye neeleta kwiiDyunivesithi zaseMiddlebury, eMcGill (eMontreal) naseWellesley College. Umsebenzi uphazamisekile kathathu. Okokuqala xa waba ngumhlolokazi ngo-1947. Kwathi ngo-1949 wachitha iiveki ezimbalwa eMalaga etyelele utata wakhe owayegula. Ekugqibeleni, wathatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-1957 e-Wellesley College waya e-Italiya ngo-1958.

Apho, eFlorence, wadibana noIrene Monchi-Sismondi, owatshata naye eBogotá ngo-Okthobha 11, 1961. Kungekudala emva koko, wabuyela emsebenzini wakhe wokufundisa kunye neenkomfa kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard nasePuerto Rico. Kodwa Ukuwa kukwaphuka inyonga kwanyanzela uJorge Guillén ukuba athathe umhlala-phantsi ngokusisigxina ekufundiseni ngo-1970.

Iminyaka edlulileyo

Ekupheleni kolawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaFranco, umbhali waseValladolid wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele eSpain, emva koko bahlala eMalaga ukusukela ngo-1975. Ukusukela ngoko de kwasekufeni kwakhe (ngoFebruwari 6, 1984), umbhali waseValladolid wafumana uninzi lwamkelo kunye nokwahlulahlula. Phakathi kwazo, oku kulandelayo kuvela:

• Umvuzo wokuqala weCervantes (1976).
• UAlfonso Reyes International Award (1977).
• Elilungu elibekekileyo kwiRoyal Academy yoLwimi lwaseSpain (1978).
• Unyana oyintanda kaAndalusia (1983).

Imibongo kaJorge Guillen

"Uthando lokulala"

Walala, wazolula iingalo zakho kwaye wothuka
Ungqonge ubuthongo bam Ngaba uhambe ngoluhlobo
ubusuku bokungalali, phantsi kwenyanga yexhoba?
iphupha lakho lindigubungele, ndiphuphe ndiziva.

"Ulwandle luyalibala"

Ulwandle luyalibala,
ingoma, umlebe;
ulwandle lungumthandi,
impendulo ethembekileyo kwiminqweno.

Kufana nobusuku
Amanzi ayo anjengeentsiba.
iimpembelelo eziphakamisa
kwiinkwenkwezi ezibandayo.

Ukucinywa kwakhe ngamaphupha
bavula ukufa ukufa,
ziinyanga ezifikelelekayo,
bobona bomi buphezulu.

Kumqolo omnyama
amaza ayonwabela.

Iimpawu zomsebenzi kaJorge Guillén

Ingqondo ka-Guillén enomdla kwimibongo yenye yovuyo oluqhubekayo kumdaniso obalaseleyo wobukho. Ukwengeza, kukuphakanyiswa okuchazwe ngendlela ehlelwe kakuhle, yeklasikhi, kwaye ibhalwe ngobungqwabalala bengqondo. Apho ukungabikho kwemihombiso yeengoma kuvela kwinkqubo engqongqo yokupheliswa ekhokelela ekudalweni kwamabinzana ashinyeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga.

Ke ngoko, Kumsebenzi kaGuillén igama ngalinye limele eyona nto iphambili kwimbongi. Apho izimvo zijikeleza khona ukuhambelana kwendalo egqibeleleyo kunye nezona zinto zilula zobukho bomntu zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ukufezekisa iqondo lobumbano-ngaphandle kokuphulukana nenjongo yeengoma- imbongi yaseSpain isebenzise isimbo esisekwe:

• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezibizo (phantse njalo ngaphandle kwamanqaku), kunye nezibizo zesibizo ngaphandle kwesenzi. Ewe, injongo kukuba amagama abonisa ubunjani bezinto.
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezivakalisi ezikhuthazayo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweevesi zobugcisa obuncinci.

Ubalo maxesha lwemisebenzi yakhe

• Ukucula (1928; 75 imibongo).
• Ukucula (1936; 125 imibongo).
• Ukucula (1945; 270 imibongo).
• Ukucula (1950; 334 imibongo).
• UHuerto de Melibea (1954).
• Yokusa nokuvuka (1956).
• Ingxolo: Maremagnun (1957).
• Indawo kaLazaro (1957).
• .. ukuba baya kunika elwandle (1960).
• Imbali yeNdalo (1960).
• Izilingo zika-Antonio (1962).
• Ngokweeyure (1962).
• Ekuphakameni kweemeko (1963).
• Imbeko (1967).
• Umoya wethu: Canticle, Cry, Tribute (1968).
• Isithsaba sombutho (1970).
• Emacaleni (1972)
• Kunye neminye imibongo (1973).
• Ulungelelwaniso (1975).
• Final (1981).
• I binzana (1981).