Ibinzana ngu-Alejandra Pizarnik
Kule minyaka ingamashumi amahlanu idlulileyo, u-Alejandra Pizarnik yeyona mbongi ifundwayo ngokubanzi e-Latin America nakwihlabathi. Isitayile sakhe esahlukileyo nesingenakuthelekiswa nanto sagqitha ngexesha, ngaphaya kokufa kwakhe okulusizi. Umbhali udale intetho yesihobe yokuqala, ephawulwa lulwimi olutyebe kakhulu kwaye egubungela imixholo entsonkothileyo yexesha lakhe.
Nangona ubomi bakhe babufutshane kakhulu -Wasweleka eneminyaka eyi-36 kuphela ukwazile ukwakha umsebenzi owomeleleyo kwaye washiya ilifa lemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngeposi yakho yokuqala, Owona mhlaba wasemzini (Ngo-1955), uPizarnik woyisa amawaka abafundi, abahlala bethembekile kwada kwaba yincwadi yakhe yokugqibela ebomini: Iingoma ezincinci (1978). Phakathi kweembasa awazifumanayo, ibhaso lemihobe kaMasipala (1965).
Iincwadi zika-Alejandra Pizarnik
Umqondiso kwisithunzi sakho (1955)
Ingqokelela yesibini yemibongo epapashwe nguPizarnik. Yingqokelela yemibongo emithandathu awayeyibhale ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Oku kuqanjwa kubonisa amandla kunye nefuthe lombhali oselula; iivesi zifakwe kukungazinzi, ukungaqiniseki, amathandabuzo kunye nemibuzo emininzi.
Omnye wemibongo esinokuyonwabela kule ntsomi ngu:
"Ukude"
“Ukuzaliswa kwam ziinqanawa ezimhlophe.
Ukuziva kwam.
Zonke zam ziphantsi kwezikhumbuzo ze
amehlo akho.
Ndifuna ukutshabalalisa ukurhawuzelela kwakho
iithebhu.
Ndifuna ukunqanda ukungazinzi kweyakho
imilebe.
Kutheni le nto umbono wakho wesiporho ujikeleze iibhokhwe ze
kwezi yure?
Ubumsulwa bokugqibela (1956)
Yingqokelela yesithathu ethiwe thaca ngumbhali. Umsebenzi uqulethe iingoma zothando ezilishumi elinesithandathu. Kwakhona Kukho ukubonakaliswa okungaziwayo kobomi bukaPizarnik uqobo, kwaye kukho uguquko olubonakalayo ngokubhekisele kwimisebenzi yakhe yangaphambili. Kwakhona, olu qulunqo lunemibongo ebalulekileyo yobufazi ukusuka kwelo xesha. Phakathi kwemibongo ibonakala:
"Lala"
"Iya kuqhuma kwisiqithi seenkumbulo.
Ubomi buya kuba yinto nje yokunyaniseka.
Intolongo
iintsuku zokungabuyi.
Ngomso
oominenga benqanawa baya kulutshabalalisa ulwandle
kumoya wemfihlakalo.
Ngomso
ileta engaziwayo izakufumana izandla zomphefumlo ”.
Umthi kaDiana (1962)
Kule ncwadi, IPizarnik iveza imibongo emifutshane engama-38 eneevesi zasimahla. Umsebenzi Kwandulelwa liBhaso likaNobel loNcwadi uOctavio Paz. Ngeli thuba, imixholo efana nokufa, isizungu kunye nosizi ziyabonakala. Njengakwizavenge zangaphambili, umgca ngamnye wesihobe utyhila iinkcukacha ezisenyongweni zombhali, njengokungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo nangokwengqondo. Kukho iindinyana ezinokuphikisana ngokupheleleyo.
Imibongo yokuqala kwi-anthology yile:
"1"
Ndenze umtsi ngam ekuzeni kokusa.
Ndishiye umzimba wam ecaleni kwesibane
kwaye ndicule usizi lwento ezelweyo ”.
"2"
"Ezi ziinguqulelo asicebisa zona:
umngxuma, ludonga olushukuma… ”.
imisebenzi nobusuku (1965)
Leyo yingqokelela yemibongo engama-47 enemixholo eyahlukeneyo. Ixesha, ukufa, uthando kunye nentlungu ziphakathi kwabona baphambili. Ngomnye wemisebenzi enzima kakhulu yombhali waseArgentina, kunye nalowo ngakumbi ibonisa isimilo sayo sesibongo. Kudliwanondlebe noMarta Isabel Moia, uPizarnik wathi: “Le ncwadi indinike uyolo lokufumana inkululeko ngokubhala. Ndandikhululekile, ndandingumnini ngokuzenzela ifomu ngendlela endandifuna ngayo ”.
Isampulu yale ngqokelela yemibongo yile:
"Ngubani okhanyayo"
"Xa undijongile
Amehlo am azizitshixo,
udonga luneemfihlelo,
uloyiko lwam amazwi, imibongo.
Nguwe kuphela owenza inkumbulo yam
umhambi onomdla,
umlilo ongapheliyo ”.
Ubuninzi begazi (1971)
Ku malunga Ibali elifutshane malunga nokubala u-Erzsébet Báthory, umfazi okhohlakeleyo nonobuhlungu, abenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi ukuze bahlale bebatsha. Kwizahluko ezilishumi elinambini iindlela zokuhlukumeza ezisetyenziswe leli "nenekazi" zichazwe kancinci kancinci. Incwadi inamaphepha angama-60 anemifanekiso ebhalwe nguSantiago Carusola kwaye ibandakanya iziqwenga zeprozi ye-poetic ngolona hlobo lubalaseleyo lwePizarnik.
Isiqendu
Isikhulu saseHungary u-Erzsébet Báthory sitshata u-Count Ferenc Nádasdy eneminyaka eyi-15. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, le ndoda iyasweleka. Ngoko, obalaseleyo uneminyaka engama-44 ubudala kwaye uyoyika ukuguga. Ukuthintela iinwele ezingwevu ekufikeleleni kuwe, uqala ebugqwirheni, ethweleing yenza amasiko apho esebenzisa khona igazi lamantombazana amancinci ukugcina ukutsha kwayo. Ngokwamanqaku afunyenwe egumbini lakhe, wangcungcuthekisa wabulala abafazi abangaphezu kwama-600 ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Malunga nombhali
UAlejandra Pizarnik
Imbongi uFlora Alejandra Pizarnik wazalwa ngo-Epreli 29, 1936 eBuenos Aires, eArgentina. Wayevela kusapho lwabafuduki baseRussia abakumgangatho ophakathi, ababenefani Pozharnik kwaye balahleka ngelixa babehlala kwilizwe laseBarça. Ukususela kumncinci kakhulu Wayekrelekrele kakhulu, nangona wayekwanjalo Wayephawulwa ngokuba nokungazithembi okuninzi ngenxa yokubonakala kwakhe emzimbeni kunye nokuthintitha kwakhe.
Izifundo
Emva kokugqiba isikolo esiphakamileyo, Ngo-1954 wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseBuenos Aires, ngakumbi iFakhalthi yeFilosofi kunye neeleta. Kodwa, kungekudala emva koko-ngokunxulumana nobuntu bakhe obuguqukayo- watshintshela kwikhondo lobuntatheli. Emva kwexesha, waqala iiklasi zobugcisa kunye nomzobi uJuan Batlle Planas, nangona ekugqibeleni wayeka yonke into ukuba azinikezele ekubhaleni kuphela.
Unyango
Ngeentsuku zakhe zaseyunivesithi, waqala unyango kunye noLeón Ostrov. Ngokwenza njalo, wazama ukulawula ukukhathazeka kunye nokuphucula ukuzithemba kwakhe. Ezo ntlanganiso zazibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bakhe nakwimibongo yakhe, kuba wongeze kwimisebenzi yakhe enamava ngokungazi nokuzithoba. "Ukuvuka", enye yeenkondlo zakhe ezidumileyo, zazinikezelwa kwi-psychoanalyst yakhe.
Iminyaka yakhe eParis
Kwii-60s zokuqala, uPizarnik wayehlala eParis iminyaka emine.. Ngelo xesha wayesebenza kule magazini Iincwadana, kananjalo Usebenze njengomgxeki kunye nomguquleli woncwadi. Apho waqhubekeka noqeqesho kwizifundo zokungena kwiYunivesithi yaseSorbonne, apho wafunda khona iMbali yeNkolo kunye noFrentshi. Kumhlaba waseParis walima nobuhlobo obuhle, phakathi kwabo uJulio Cortázar no-Octavio Paz babalasele.
Ulwakhiwo
Incwadi yakhe yokuqala yapapashwa phakathi kwiminyaka yama-50 yaze yanesihloko esithi Owona mhlaba wasemzini (Ngo-1955). Kodwa kwade kwafika ixesha lokubuya kwakhe eParis apho wabonisa eyona misebenzi yakhe mikhulu — enamava asemagqabini akwisihobe—, ebonisa indlela yakhe ebukhali, edlalayo kunye nobuchule bokuyila. Phakathi kwemibongo yakhe esi-7 yima ngaphandle: Umthi kaDiana (1962) imisebenzi nobusuku (1965) kunye Ukukhutshwa kwelitye lempambano (1968).
IPizarnik nayo yangena kuhlobo lokubaliswa, kunye nebali elifutshane Ubuninzi begazi (1971). Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, kuye kwenziwa iimpapasho ezininzi emva kokufa kwakhe, ezinje: Umnqweno welizwi (1985), Imibhalo kaSobra kunye nemibongo yamva nje (1982) kunye Gqibezela imibongo (2000). Iileta zakhe kunye namanqaku ahlanganiswa Imbalelwano yePizarnik (1998) kunye Iidayari (2003).
Uxinzelelo
Ukusukela emncinci kakhulu uPizarnik wayenokungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo, enoxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nobunzima, iingxaki eziboniswayo kwimibongo yakhe. Ukongeza koku, wagcina imfihlo ukhetho lwakho ngokwesondo; Uninzi lutyhola ukuba wayelifanasini kwaye ukufihla inyani yakhe kwamchaphazela kakhulu. Imbongi yamnyanga kwizigulo ezahlukeneyo ngamayeza awaba likhoboka lakhe.
Enye inkcukacha ebuchaphazele kakubi ubomi bakhe kwaye yamenza wangumntu oswelekileyo ngesiquphe kukusweleka kukayise, eyenzeka ngo-1967. Ngenxa yelo lishwa, imibongo nedayari yakhe zadana, zinamanqaku afana nala: “Ukufa okungapheliyo, ukulibala ulwimi nokulahleka kwemifanekiso. Ndingathanda njani ukuba ndingabikho kwimpambano nasekufeni (…) Ukufa kukatata kwenza ukuba ukufa kwam kubeyinyani ”.
Ukufa
Kwi-1972, uPizarnik wangeniswa kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo eBuenos Aires ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulu. Nge-25 kaSeptemba-ngelixa ngempelaveki yekhefu-, imbongi ifake inani elikhulu leepilisi ze-Seconal kwaye yagqithisa oko kwakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe. Kwibhodi egumbini lakhe kwahlala kuyintoni iivesi zakhe zokugqibela:
"Andifuni kuhamba
akukho Okuninzi
ukuya ezantsi ”.
Umsebenzi ka-Alejandra Pizarnik
- Owona mhlaba wasemzini (1955)
- Umqondiso kwisithunzi sakho (1955)
- Ubumsulwa bokugqibela (1956)
- Izinto ezilahlekileyo (1958)
- Umthi kaDiana (1962)
- imisebenzi nobusuku (1965)
- Ukukhutshwa kwelitye lempambano (1968)
- Amagama kunye namanani (1969)
- Ifunyenwe phakathi kwe-lilacs (1969)
- Isihogo somculo (1971)
- Ubuninzi begazi (1971)
- Iingoma ezincinci (1971)