U-Alice Walker ngumbhali wase-Afrika-waseMelika kunye netshantliziyo. Lo waseMelika waziwa ngokuba ngumbhali we Umbala omfusa ukuba uSteven Spielberg wayejongene nokuzisa izikrini ze-cinema kwi-1986. Kwaye nangona ifilimu yayityunjwe kwi-11 Oscar akukho mfanekiso uqingqiweyo. Inoveli yavuka, ewe, ingenanto kwaye akukho nto ingaphantsi kwe Ipulitzer e 1983.
Nangona kunjalo, u-Alice Walker unoluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo kunye nemisebenzi, kwaye akaphumelelanga kuphela kumsebenzi wakhe wokubalisa amabali. Ukwabhale amabali amafutshane, imibongo nezincoko, kwaye ungunjingalwazi waseyunivesithi. Y Umfuziselo womlinganiswa onyanzelisayo nocaphukileyo, ukuzibophelela kwakhe bekuhleli ecaleni kwamalungelo oluntu, umzabalazo wabasetyhini kunye nenkxalabo yemozulu.
U-Alice Walker: Umbhali wase-Afrika-waseMelika kunye nomlweli
UAlice Malsenior Walker wazalelwa eGeorgia (eUnited States) ngo-1944.. Wayenza kwintsapho ethobekileyo, esemazantsi, kunye nexesha elidlulileyo elinobukhoboka kunye negazi leCherokee. Wayengoyena mncinane kubantwana bakowenu abasibhozo.
Uyise wayesebenza emasimini kwaye unina wayengumfazi wekhaya kunye nomthungi; ulwalamano noyise lwalungquzulana, yaye wayewujonga ngamehlo amabi umdla awayenawo nawuphi na umsebenzi wobukrelekrele owawuvusa intombi yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, umama, owaqonda utyekelo loyena mncinane kusapho, Ndandidla ngokumnika umatshini wokuthunga, isutikheyisi nomatshini wokuchwetheza. Izinto ezizele luphawu.
Xa wayeneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, wafumana ingozi embi eyamshiya eneliso elinye.. Ngoxa wayedlala ama-cowboy nama-Indiya kunye nabantakwabo, omnye wabantakwabo wamdubula ebusweni ngepellet. U-Alice Walker, nangona kunjalo, akanakuze abone njengengozi, kodwa njengesenzo sokuzithandela.
Esi siganeko, nangona kunjalo, siya kuba nefuthe kumsebenzi wakhe kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. Ukubandezeleka ilahleko enkulu kangaka ndisemncinci, U-Walker uye wabonakalisa ngakumbi, wacotha kwaye waba ngumbukeli obalaseleyo wehlabathi. Waliwa ngabanye abantwana waza waziva engazithembi. Ulwazi lomntu siqu luya kuba yimpembelelo yokubhala kunye nokudala; kwaye kwelinye icala, oku kuqonda kuya kuba sisizathu sokupeyinta abalinganiswa kunye neenguqu eziguqula ubomi kunye nobuntu obucacileyo.
Ngokuphathelele kubomi bakhe babucala, u-Alice Walker wayetshate nomntu olwela amalungelo abantu umkhuseli wamalungelo oluntu wemvelaphi yobuYuda, ogama linguMel Leventhal. Waqhawula umtshato naye ngo-1976 kwaye intombi yabo uRebecca Walker (okwalitshantliziyo kunye nombhali) wazalwa kobu budlelwane, abangenabudlelwane obuhle naye.
Ukuqatshelwa kunye nobutshantliziyo
Ubonakalisile kwaye wavakalisa kwizizathu ezahlukeneyonjengamalungelo oluntu (ukwazi uMartin Luther King), amalungelo ezilwanyana, i-pacifism, kunye ubufazi (ingakumbi obugxile kucalucalulo lobuhlanga lwabafazi abamnyama). Ikwagwebe nejoni uChealsea Manning (otyholwa ngokusasaza ulwazi oluyimfihlo) nakwityala. WikiLeaks kunye noJulian Assange. U-Alice Walker ukwangumthetheleli okhutheleyo wenkululeko yabantu basePalestine.
Kumsebenzi wakhe woncwadi, kunye nokulwela kwakhe amalungelo oluntu, uye wamkelwa kwizihlandlo ezininzi.. Elona bhaso libalulekileyo lelo walifumana ngo-1983, i IBhaso lePulitzer leFiction kwinoveli yakhe ethi The Colour Purple, ekwathe wawongwa ngayo Ibhaso leNcwadi leSizwe.
umsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi
UAlice Walker wafundela isidanga soBugcisa kwiKholeji yaseSarah Lawrence emva koko wenza iPhD eRussell Sage College. Ngoku usebenzela iKholeji yaseWellesley (Massachusetts). Ngeentsuku zakhe zokufunda wayekwi-Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, uburheletya bokuqala base-Afrika-Amerika e-United States.
Umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi uqulathe ukuqulunqwa kwamabali (iinoveli namabalana amafutshane), izincoko kunye nemibongo.. Imixholo ebalaseleyo emsebenzini wakhe yeyobuhlanga, isini, inkululeko yezesondo (uzichaza ukuba unesini esibini) kunye nokuziphatha kobundlobongela obuzinze eluntwini.
Inkxalabo yobuhlanga kunye nesini kunye nokuzinikela kuye kwakhatshwa kwiinzame zakhe njengombhali kunye netshantliziyo. Imisebenzi yakhe kubantu base-Afro-Amerika, umbuzo wobuhlanga e-United States, ixesha elidlulileyo lakhe lobukhoboka, kwaye ngakumbi imeko yobuthathaka obukhulu apho abafazi abantsundu bazifumana bengekho kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwilizwe awazalelwa kulo. ngaphandle.
Umbala omfusa, inoveli ye-epistolary, ngowona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo. Yapapashwa ngo-1982. Ibalisa ibali likaCelie, intombazana yase-Afrika-yaseMelika ekufuneka ilwe kungekuphela nje ukucalucalula kunye nobuhlanga, kodwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa koosolusapho kuluntu olumnyama.. Konke oku ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ngobuntwaneni obuxhaphazayo, owahlukaniswa nodade wakhe othandekayo uNettie, kwaye ekhulelwe nguyise, umbhali ubalisa ibali likaCelie kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Ezinye iincwadi zikaAlice Walker
- Ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke (1973).
- Meridian (1976).
- Umbala omfusa (1982).
- itempile yabahlobo bam (1989).
- Imfihlelo yovuyo (1992).
- Ukukhupha Utolo Entliziyweni (2018).
- Ukuqokelela Iintyatyambo Ngaphantsi Komlilo: IiJenali zika-Alice Walker (2022).