Iincwadi zikaRoald Dahl

URoald Dahl wayengumbhali wenoveli odumileyo waseWelsh, imbongi, umbhali webali elifutshane, kunye nombhali wesikrini ovela eNorway.. Ufumene udumo lwehlabathi lonke ngenxa yemisebenzi ethandwayo enje James kunye neGeach Peach (1961) UCharlie kunye noMzi-mveliso weTshokholethi (1964) Iimbali ezingalindelekanga (1979) Amagqwirha (1983), Matilda (1988) okanye UAgu Trot (1990). Uzalelwe eLlandalf (eCardiff), nge-13 kaSeptemba, 1916, wayenobomi obugcweleyo amaxesha ama-epic asebenza njengokhuthazo. Impembelelo yayo ibe yinto yokuba uEmma Watson acebise ukuyifunda.

Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke into elula, ukusweleka kwabathandekayo yayisisihlandlo esiphindaphindayo kuye. Wayebandakanyeka kwiimpikiswano ezahlukeneyo de kwaba ziintsuku zakhe zokugqibela, ngakumbi ngenxa yeengxelo zakhe ezichasene no-Israyeli, okanye ngenxa yeengxaki ezavela ngexesha lokulungelelaniswa kwemiboniso bhanyabhanya. Nangona kunjalo, ukhunjulwa ngelifa lakhe elikhulu lobukrelekrele, kunye nokuzincama kwakhe. Phakathi kwegalelo labo kugqame Amagama awavelisileyo afakwe kwisichazi magama sesiNgesi saseOxford.

Ubomi bukaRoald Dahl

Ubuntwana

UHarald Dahl noSofie Magdalene Hesselberg babengabazali bakhe. Xa uRoald omncinci wayeneminyaka emi-3 ubudala, udadewabo uAstrid wasweleka ngenxa yeappendicitis. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva koko utata wakhe wabulawa sisifo semiphunga. Ngaphantsi kwezi meko, into esengqiqweni kulomama ongumhlolokazi ngeyabuyela kwelakubo eNorway, kodwa wasala ese-Bhritane. Oku wakwenza kuba umnqweno womyeni wakhe yayikukufundisa abantwana babo kwizikolo zase-Bhritane.

Imfundo yamabanga aphantsi

Kude kube iminyaka esibhozo uDahl wayefunda eLlandalf Cathedral School, Emva koko waya kwisikolo sabucala iSt.Peter kwidolophu eselunxwemeni iWeston-super-Mare kangangeminyaka emithandathu. Ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe lweshumi elinesithathu, uRoald okwishumi elivisayo wabhaliswa kwisikolo iRepton eDerbyshire, apho wayengukapteni weqela lesihlanu lesikolo kwaye wasebenza njengomncedisi wokufota.

Ukuzalwa kukaCharlie odumileyo kunye no "Mfana"

Ukuhlala kwakhe eRepton kwavela iyelenqe lebali labantwana bakhe abadumileyo UCharlie kunye nomzi mveliso wetshokholethi (1964)Njengenkampani yendawo ngamanye amaxesha ithumela iibhokisi zeelekese ukuba zingcamlwe ngabafundi. Wayehlala nokuchitha iiholide zasehlotyeni kunye nezihlobo zakhe eNorway, ezaziza kuba yinkuthazo yokubhala. Inkwenkwe: amabali obuntwana (1984). Nangona kunokubonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi wobomi, uDahl wayehlala eyikhanyela.

Imfundo ephezulu

Emva kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wathatha ikhosi yokuhlola eNewfoundland noMbutho woPhando lweZikolo zikaRhulumente. Emva kwexesha, ngo-1934, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-United Kingdom kunye neRoyal Dutch Shell, inkampani yeoyile. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva wathunyelwa eDar-es-Salaam (namhlanje eyiTanzania) ukuya kugqibezela uqeqesho lwakhe eShell House, apho anikezela khona ipetroli phantsi kwengozi efihlakeleyo yeengonyama kunye nezinambuzane.

Ukubhaliswa kwakhe kwi-WWII

Xa kwaqhambuka iMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ngo-1939, uRoald Dahl wafudukela eNairobi ukuya kubhalisa kwiRoyal Air Force. Emva kokugqiba uqeqesho phantse lweeyure ezisibhozo, waqala ukubhabha yedwa kwaye wamangaliswa zizilwanyana zasendle zaseKenya (wasebenzisa amanye ala mava kwiincwadi zakhe kamva). Ngo-1940 uqhubeke noqeqesho oluphambili e-Iraq, wenziwa igosa kwaye wayalelwa ukuya kuma-80^vo Iqela leRAF.

Kufuphi nengozi ebulalayo

Imishini yayo yokuqala yayiquka ikakhulu ukuhambisa amafutha kwiGloster Gladiator. Kwenye yazo, NgoSeptemba 19, 1940, yafumana ingozi yokufa e-Libya ngenxa yempazamo kwindawo echongiweyo (phakathi kwemigca yaseBritane neyase-Italiya). Oku kwagqitywa kuphando olulandelayo lweRAF. URoald Dahl wasinda ngokulambisa kwinqwelomoya evuthayo ngekrele elaphukileyo, impumlo eyaphukileyo kunye nemfama.

Ukubuyiselwa okungummangaliso

Ngaphandle koogqirha bexela kwangaphambili ukuba ngekhe aphinde abhabhe, uRoald oselula waphinda wabona kwakhona kwiiveki ezisibhozo kamva. yengozi kwaye wakhululwa ngoFebruwari 1941, ebuyela kwimisebenzi yakhe yenqwelomoya. Ngelo xesha, iqela lama-80 lalisele lisondele eAthene lisilwa phantsi kweemeko ezingathandekiyo ngokuchasene nemikhosi yeAxis. Okwangoku, emva kweenyanga ezimbini, uDahl wawela iMeditera ukuze azimanye nabo.

Imbonakalo yayimfiliba: Izaqhwithi ezili-14 kunye neBritane iBristol Blanheims eziyi-4 kummandla wonke wamaGrike ngokuchasene neenqanawa zotshaba ezingaphezu kwewaka. Ngexesha lokulwa kwakhe okokuqala ngenqanawa eChalcis, uDahl wajongana neebhombu ezintandathu yedwa, ekwazi ukudubula enye ukubaleka kamva ungonzakalanga. Onke loo mava anjengomlo afakwa kwincwadi yakhe yobomi Ukubhabha wedwa.

Ukupapashwa kokuqala, umtshato nabantwana

ENgo-1942 waqeshwa njengosekela-moya kwi-Washington. Kweso sixeko wayeza kwenza upapasho lwakhe lokuqala, olwalubizwa okokuqala Iqhekeza lekhekhe (I-peasy elula). Apho wabalisa ngeenkcukacha zengozi yakhe eyayikwiGloster Gladiator, kodwa ekugqibeleni yakhutshwa phantsi kwesihloko Ukuhlaselwa phantsi kweLibya. Ngo-1943 kwavela iprozi yakhe yokuqala yabantwana, IiGrmlin, yahlengahlengiswa kwi-cinema kumashumi eminyaka kamva.

Umlingisi waseMelika uPatricia Neal wayengumfazi wakhe ukusukela ngo-1953 ukuya ku-1983, naye wayenabantwana abahlanu, phakathi kwabo, umbhali uTessa Dahl. Ngelishwa, ngo-1962 intombi yakhe eneminyaka esixhenxe u-Olivia yasweleka kwi-encephalitis ebangelwe yintsholongwane yemasisi. UTheo, unyana wabo okuphela kwakhe, wayenengxaki yehydrocephalus ngenxa yengozi ebuntwaneni bakhe. Ngenxa yesi siganeko, wabandakanyeka kuphando olukhokelele ekuyilweni kwevalve ye-Wade-Dahl-Till, isixhobo esenzelwe ukunciphisa i-hydrocephalus. Enye yeentombi zakhe, u-Ophelia, wayengumseki kunye nomlawuli weParthners in Health, umbutho ongajonganga nzuzo oxhasa abahlali bezona ndawo zihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi ngononophelo lonyango.

Umtshato wesibini kunye nokufa

Umzukulwana wakhe, imodeli kunye nombhali uSophie Dahl (intombi kaTessa), ukhuthaze omnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili Isigebenga esihle (1982). Wayetshatile okwesibini ngo-1983, kunye noFelicity Ann d'Abreu Crosland, umhlobo osenyongweni womfazi wakhe wokuqala. Myacelwa ngo-Novemba 23, 1990, ekhayeni lakhe eBuckinghamshire, ngenxa ye-leukemia.

Phakathi kweepostmortem honours ezifunyenweyo kukuvulwa kweGalari yeRoald Dahl yaBantwana kwiMyuziyam yaseBucks County. kunye neMyuziyam yaseRoald Dahl-iZiko leMbali lavulwa ngo-2005 eGreat Missenden. Kwangokunjalo, iSiseko esinegama lakhe siye saqhubeka nokuzibophelela kombhali waseWelsh kwiindawo ezinje nge-neurology, hematology kunye nokufunda nokubhala kwabemi abakwiingingqi ezisengozini.

Iincwadi ezaziwa kakhulu nguRoald Dahl

UCharlie kunye nomzi mveliso wetshokholethi

Ukuphehlelelwa kwincwadi yesithathu yabantwana bakaRoald Dahl- emva IiGrmlin y James kunye neGeach Peach-Oku kwakuthetha inguquko kwincwadi yakhe yobuchule. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba lo msebenzi uhlengahlengiswe ngempumelelo kwiscreen esikhulu kabini (ngo-1971 nango-2005). Ibali elipapashwe ngo-1964 ijolise kuCharlie Bucket, inkwenkwe evela kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo oluhlala nabazali bayo noomawokhulu, abalambayo nababandayo.

Inhlanhla iyatshintsha xa iphumelela elinye lamatikiti egolide amahlanu anika ukhenketho kwifektri yedolophu yetshokholethi.. Indawo ihlala ivaliwe ukunqanda ubuqhetseba kwaye ungumnini usozigidi ome ngeenyawo uWilly Wonka. Le eccentric ilungelelanise konke oku ukukhetha indlalifa phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abahlanu. Emva kothotho lweziganeko zemidlalo yeqonga, uCharlie ubizwa ngokuba uphumelele kwaye usiya kumzi-mveliso kunye nosapho lonke.

Iimbali ezingalindelekanga

Ingqokelela enobuchule yamabali amafutshane ali-16 awavela ngo-1979. Ngaphambili, amabali ayepapashwe kwimithombo yeendaba eyahlukeneyo. Uburharha obumnyama, ukuthandabuza kunye nokuthandabuza zizinto eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke. Abanye ngakumbi malunga nokuziphindezela (Ufudo lwenenekazi, UNunc Dimittis) okanye ingqumbo (IWundlu eligcadiweyo, ukunyukela ezulwini). Kwaye, ngendlela efanayo nakumabali abantwana babo, bahlala bephela ngentsomi yokuziphatha.

Amagqwirha

Yapapashwa ngo-1983. Ukulungiswa kwayo kwefilimu (ngo-1990) ekhokelwa nguNicolas Roeg kwabangela impikiswano ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lwenziwe, kuba zazingafanelanga inoveli kwaye zazimcaphukisa kakhulu uDahl. Libali elibaliweyo emntwini wokuqala owakhe wadibana namagqwirha "awangafani nalawo akumabali". Eyokuqala yona yafuna ukumnika inyoka; ngeyesibini kwakukubi nangakumbi.

Ngaxeshanye, rapporteur uxela ngengozi yemoto eyabethwa ngabazali bakhe, awakhuliselwa yona ngumakhulu wakhe eNorway.. Umongikazi umcacisela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zobugqwirha kwaye umlumkisa malunga nolu hlaselo lwangaphambili lwaba bantwana besi-5 abaziyo. Kodwa ukuchonga oosiyazi kunzima, banxiba njengabafazi abaqhelekileyo ngelixa begqibezela umsebenzi wabo oyimfihlo: ukutshabalalisa abantwana behlabathi.

Matilda

Lo msebenzi nguDahl opapashwe ngo-1988 kufuneka ube ngowona uqhelekileyo kwiiMillennials, oku kungenxa yefilimu eyaziwayo engaziwayo (1996) eyalelwa nguDanny DeVito. Umlinganiswa ophambili nguMatilda Wormwood, intombazana eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ekrelekrele kakhulu, inomdla wokufunda kwaye inobuchule. Uyintombi yabazali eyonqenayo kwaye engazi malunga nokulunga kwakhe.

Utitshala wakhe, U-Honey Honey, ebona iimpawu zakhe ezingaqhelekanga, ubuza iNqununu uTrunchbull ukuba uMatilda aye kwiklasi eqhubele phambili. Inqununu iyala, njengoko eneneni ingumntu okhohlakeleyo okonwabelayo ukohlwaya abantwana ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngeli xesha, uMatilda uvelisa amandla e-telekinesis, ekwazi ukuhambisa izinto ngamehlo akhe.

U-Honey Honey unomdla malunga nobuchule bentombazana kwaye uyimemela ekhayeni lakhe. Apho uMatilda uqaphela ukuba utitshala wakhe uhlwempuzeke kakhulu kwaye uyasokola phantsi kolawulo lukayisekazi wakhe, (otyhilwe kamva) UNkosikazi Trunchbull. Ke uMatilda uceba isicwangciso sokufumana uNkskz Trunchbull ebomini babo ngokulungileyo. Xa ephumelela, uMatilda uyonwatyiswa ngabanye abantwana kwaye uqhubela phambili kwiklasi eqhubele phambili.

Ngenxa yoko, iprodigy encinci iphulukana namandla e-telekinesis kuba kufuneka isebenzise yonke ingqondo yayo ukuze iphumelele kwizifundo zayo ezitsha. Ekugqibeleni, uMatilda ugqibela ngokuhlala phantsi kolawulo lukaNkskz Honey. (ongasenayo into yokujongana noNkosazana Trunchbull) emva kokuba abazali bentombazana babanjiwe beba iimoto.

Ilifa lobugcisa kunye noncwadi lukaRoald Dahl

Lilonke, uRoald Dahl ipapashe amabali abantwana ali-18, iincwadi ezi-3 ezenzelwe abantwana, iinoveli ezi-2 zabantu abadala, iingqokelela zamabali asi-8, iimemo ezi-5 zebhayibhile kunye nomdlalo. Ngokumalunga nelizwe elibukelwayo, uDahl wenza imibhalo yeefilimu ezili-10, kubandakanya nezavenge ezaziwayo Siphila kabini kuphela ngo (1967), I-Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) kunye Umhlaba omnandi (1971), phakathi kwabanye.

Uthathe inxaxheba njengomvelisi kunye / okanye umphathi kwiinkqubo zikamabonakude ezisi-7 e-United Kingdom nase-United States.. Imisebenzi yakhe iguqulelwe kwiifilimu ezili-13 ezamkelwe kakuhle luluntu, ezinje James kunye neGeach Peach (1996) UMnu Fox omangalisayo (2009) kunye I-BFG (2016 -isihloko sokuqala sesiNgesi se Isigebenga esihle). Ukongeza, indalo yakhe idluliselwe kuthotho lwe-9 kunye neebhulukhwe ezimfutshane zikamabonwakude.