Nkosi yeempukane

Nkosi yeempukane yincwadi yenoveli eyaziwayo yombhali waseBritane uWilliam Golding. Yapapashwa ngo-1954, a Nkosi yeempukane (igama lesiNgesi ngesiNgesi) lithathwa njengesiqhelo seNcwadi ye-Anglo-Saxon yexesha lasemva kwemfazwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala emva kokumiliselwa kwayo yayinamanani entengiso athobekileyo.

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kuye kwaba yinto engafunekiyo yokufunda kwiikholeji nakwiiyunivesithi zase-United Kingdom nase-United States. Itayitile ibhekisa kubundlongondlongo babantu obuqulethwe kwiBhelezebhule, i icon yamaFilisti (kamva yafakwa kubuKrestu) ogama lakhe lesidlaliso "yinkosi yeempukane."

Sobre el autor

Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana kunye nolutsha

NgoSeptemba 19, 1911, uWilliam Gerald Golding wabona ukukhanya okokuqala. Ngokwe-portal Iibhayografi kunye nobomi, ISaint Columb Minor yayiyindawo awazalelwa kuyo. Yidolophana encinci ebekwe kunxweme olusemantla eCornwall, eNgilani, eUnited Kingdom. Esemncinane wafumana imfundo eqinileyo, ejolise ikakhulu kubuntu kunye noncwadi.

Ukongeza, Abazali bakhe, U-Alec (owayengutitshala wesayensi) kunye noMildred (owayengummeli ophambili wevoti yabasetyhini) waba nefuthe ekucingeni okuqiqayo kunye nengqondo. kaWilliam oselula. Kwelinye icala, kwaphawulwa ngokukodwa ngemisebenzi ye William Shakespeare kunye Alfred Tennyson. Akumangalisi ke ukuba incwadi yakhe yokuqala, (Imibongo, 1934) yingqokelela yemibongo.

Ngaphambi nasemva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi

Wafunda isayensi yendalo (kamva watshintshela kuncwadi lwesiNgesi) kwiKholeji yaseBrasenose, eOxford. Emva koko wasebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-30 kwiziko iMichael Hall Institute eLondon. Ngo-1937 wabuyela e-Oxford ukuya kugqibezela ubugqirha kwaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva watshata no-Ann Brookfield, naye wayenabantwana ababini, uDavid noJudith Diana.

Ngo-1940 wabhalisa kwiBritish Royal Navy. Phakathi kwamaphulo abalulekileyo athe wathatha inxaxheba kuwo yintshutshiso kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe Bismarck IsiJamani, kunye nokufika kweNormandy. Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, uWilliam Golding wakwazi ukuchitha ixesha lakhe lonke kuncwadi.

El mnumzana de las iimpukane

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Nkosi yeempukane

Ekuqaleni, le noveli yayiza kupapashwa phantsi kwesihloko esithi Abaphambukeli ngaphakathi (Abasemzini abavela ngaphakathi). Kodwa, emva kokuba ilahliwe ngabavakalisi abohlukeneyo, ekugqibeleni yabonakala ngo-1954 njenge Nkosi yeempukane. Namhlanje ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kuncwadi lwangoku.

Incwadi ichaza inguqu yabafundi abancinci ukusuka kwimeko yokuqala engenalwazi kunye nabamsulwa ekubonakalisweni kobubi baseMachivavellian. Apho iintsana zenza uluntu phantsi kwemithetho yazo ekhokelela kuluntu olungqongqo, olulawulwa ngumthetho wabomeleleyo.

Ubumnyama bemvelo bomntu

Emva kwexesha izithuba zeGolide-Iindlalifa (1955) Icawa enkulu (1964) kunye Amasiko okudlula (1980), phakathi kwabanye- kwalandela umgca othathwe ngu Nkosi yeempukane. Kuzo Uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo ezisezantsi nezona zimbi emntwini lubonakalisiwe.

Ilifa

Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ogqithisileyo-onomdla kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka- yafumana amabhaso amaninzi ebomini. Nangona ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezona zibalulekileyo zibalaseleyo el Izincwadi zeNobel (1983) kunye nesihloko se mhlekazi (Ngo-1988) wanikwa ngu-Queen Elizabeth II waseNgilane. UWilliam Golding usweleke ngoJuni 19, 1993, ePerranarworthal, e-UK

Uluhlu lwemisebenzi yakhe lugqityiwe ngu:

• UMartin umlahli (UPincher Martin, 1956). Ibali.
• Ibhabhathane eBras (Ngo-1958). Umsebenzi weqonga.
• Isimahla yonke (Isimahla yonke, 1959). Inoveli.
• Iingcango ezishushu (Amasango ashushuNgo-1965). Ukuqokelelwa kwesincoko.
• IPiramidi (Iphiramidi, 1967). Inoveli.
• Unkulunkulu we-scorpion (IScorpion uThixo, 1971). Inoveli.
• Ubumnyama obubonakalayo (Ubumnyama buyabonakala, 1979). Inoveli.
• Ithagethi yokuHamba (1982). Ukuqokelelwa kwesincoko.
• Amadoda ephepha (Amadoda ePhepha, 1984). Inoveli.
• Idayari yase-Egypt (Ijenali yase-Egypt, 1985). Inoveli.
• Kuse eziphelweni zomhlaba (Inoveli trilogy):
  • Amasiko okudlula (Amasiko endlela, 1980).
  • Umzimba emzimbeni (Vala iikota, 1987).
  • Umlilo kwisibindi (Umlilo ezantsi, 1989).
• Ulwimi olufihliweyo (Ulwimi oluBini, amashumi alithoba anethoba). Inoveli emva kokufa.

Uhlalutyo Nkosi yeempukane

Iqonga kunye nemixholo

Nkosi yeempukane yinoveli yokomfuziselo ethetha ngongquzulwano phakathi kwempucuko kunye nobundlobongela obabuzuzwa ngumntu wonke. Ngendlela enye, Umbhali uthi uluntu luvele njengeziphumo zobungendawo bomntu kunye nesidingo sakhe sokulawula.

Ngaphantsi kwezi ndawo, UGolding uthatha iqela labantwana besikolo abenza ukufika okungxamisekileyo kwisiqithi ngo-1945. Xa abantwana beqaphela ukungabikho kwabantu abadala, bazilungiselela ukuba bavumelane ngemithetho yabo yokuhlalisana. Ke, babumba amaqela amabini: abancinci okanye "inginginya" (abangakhathaliyo, abakhalazayo nabaziphethe kakubi) kunye nabadala (abakhokeleli).

Rationalism kunye nenkolo

Iyelenqe Nkosi yeempukane igubungela ngokugqibeleleyo ubunzima be-rationalism kunye nengqondo yomntu. Ngale ndlela, omnye wabalinganiswa bayo ongumfuziselo yiPiggy. Ngubani, ngaphandle kwesimo sakhe sokuthandabuza kunye nokujongela phantsi, uhlala ezama ukweyisela umhlobo wakhe ngezinto anokuziphumelela kuzo ukuba bayazimamela iingqondo zabo.

Kwangokunjalo, isimilo somntu ngokwembono yemithetho yonqulo yinto ebuzwa rhoqo kuyo yonke imisebenzi kaGolding. Ukwenza oku, usebenzisa abalinganiswa abanjengoSimon (omnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili kwinoveli), obonisa ukulunga nobungcwele. Ngokuchaseneyo, umbhali wase-Bhritane uchaza abanye abalinganiswa abanezizathu eziqinisekileyo zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha.

Isiqendu

Ukugxilwa kweziganeko kuwela kwiqela labantwana abadala. Phakathi kwabo, uRalf usebenza "njengentloko", ekuthi, enze isandi senkumba ukubiza bonke abanye abantwana. Kwangokunjalo, uSimon ubonwa njenge-wimp engaqhelekanga, kunye ne-Piggy iyacekiswa ngokuba yi-chubby kunye nokuziphatha kwayo okungapheliyo.

Kwelinye icala, uJack ngoyena mntu unobundlobongela, udibanisa "abachasayo" abangavumelaniyo nezimvo zikaRalf. Le yokugqibela ikholelwa ngakumbi ekwenzeni amaqhinga ajolise ekufumaneni uhlangulo kuye wonke umntu (njengomlilo womlilo encotsheni yentaba, umzekelo). Endaweni yoko, UJack uxhasa ukudalwa "kwesizwe", ingcali yokuqokelela, ukuzingela kunye neendlela zokuphila.

Umdlalo

Umlo phakathi kwala maqela mabini anovelwano -uRalf ngokuchasene noJack - awunakuphepheka. Embindini wokulwa, abalinganiswa abahloniphekileyo abanjengoSimon noPiggy babulawa, ngelixa abanye benogonyamelo ngakumbi (uRobert, umzekelo) bebonisa konke ukugqwetha kwabo. Ekugqibeleni, URalf unyanzelwa ngamandla ukuba abaleke (esongelwa ngokufa) bade bahlangulwe bonke abantwana.