Ngubani uNoam Chomsky?

UNowa Abraham Abraham Chomsky Wazalelwa ePhiladelphia (e-USA) ngo-1928, ngakumbi nge-7 kaDisemba. Ulilwimi (enkosi kutata wakhe, kuba ibinguye obekhokele amanyathelo akhe ekufundeni iilwimi) kananjalo Isithandi sobulumko.

Imfundo efunyenwe ekhaya (wakhulela kwindawo yamaJuda, wafunda isiHebhere kwaye wamamela rhoqo, kunye nomntakwabo uDavid Eli Chomsky, kwiingxoxo malunga ezopolitiko zionism, nanjengoko usapho lwakhe lwalubandakanyeke kakhulu kwiZionism yamaphiko asekhohlo), waqondisa izifundo zakhe kunye neenkxalabo zakhe kwilizwe lokucinga.

Ndifunda kwi Yunivesithi yasePennsylvania, apho waphenjelelwa nguZellig Harris. Kugqityiwe Ugqirha ngo-1951Emva koku, wachitha iminyaka emine eHarvard kwaye, ngo-1955, wafudukela kwiDyunivesithi yasePennsylvania, apho wafunda khona ukuqala umsebenzi onzima nothatha ixesha elide. ukufundisa eMassachusetts Institute of Technology.

Iilwimi zakho kunye nefilosofi yakho, ziquka ntoni?

Ungomnye wabaseki abaphambili be- Igrama yolungiso.

Yintoni igrama yenguqulelo?

Emva kweli gama lide nelintsokothileyo yinkqubo ye Uhlalutyo lweelwimi olukhuphisana nolwimi lwendabuko ukuba inxulumene nefilosofi, ingqiqo, kunye ne-psycho-linguistics.

Ngo-1957 wapapasha incwadi yakhe "Ulungelelwaniso lobumbeko", incwadi eyayithathwa njengenguquko kuqeqesho lweelwimi. Kuyo, uChomsky ucebisa ukuba intetho nganye yomntu inezakhiwo ezibini:

• Omnye Ubume bomhlaba, eyindlela yokudibanisa amagama ngokungaphezulu.
• Kwaye enye Ubume obunzulu esekwe ngaphezulu kwayo yonke imithetho kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Kolu lwakhiwo kuyaxoxwa ukuba iindlela zokufumana ulwimi ziyindalo kubo bonke abantu kwaye zenziwa zisebenze nje kwangoko xa umntwana eqala ukufunda iziseko zolwimi. Oko kukuthi, a uthotho lwezakhiwo zegrama enokuthi iqheleke, ke ngoko, kubo bonke abantu.

Itshantliziyo elikhulu lezopolitiko

Es umgxeki omkhulu wongxowankulu, ngakumbi umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle wase-United States. Kwakungo-1967 apho waqala khona ukungena kwezopolitiko, echasa ngokupheleleyo ukubandakanyeka kweMelika kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam. Ukusuka koku wafumana incwadi yakhe yesincoko esinesihloko "Uxanduva lweengqondi", awayedume ngayo.

Inxulunyaniswa ne 'Ekhohlo elitsha' (Ekhohlo elitsha), kwaye yayiyiyo wabanjwa amatyeli aliqela ngenxa yokulwa kwakhe imfazwe. UChomsky, kunye no-Edward S. Herman, bakhuthaze imodeli yepropaganda ebalulekileyo ngayo yonke into enxulumene nomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle wase-US, naxa athe wathatha umhlala-phantsi, waqhubeka nobugorha ngokuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo intshukumo 'Ukuxhamla' kunye nezinye zeempawu ezifanayo.

Watshata noCarol Schatz Doris ngo-1949, kunye naye de kwaba ngu-2008, unyaka wokufa kwakhe. Ngolu lwalamano wayenabantwana abathathu: uAviva, uDiane noHarry. Ngo-2014 watshata noValeria Wasserman.

Eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo

Malunga neelwimi

• Ngo-1957: "Izakhiwo zokwenza izinto"
• Ngo-1965: "Iinkalo zeTheory ye-Syntax"
• Ngo-1965: "Iilwimi zeCartesian"
• Ngo-1968: "Ulwimi nengqondo"
• Ngo-1970: "Ushicilelo lwangoku kwiTheyori yeeLwimi"
• Ngo-1972: "Izifundo kwiiSemantics kwiGenerama yeGrama"
• Ngo-1975: "Ukucinga ngolwimi"
• Ngo-1977: "Izincoko zeFomu nokutolika"
• Ngo-1980: "Imithetho kunye nokumelwa"
• Ngo-1981: "Iinkomfa zikaRhulumente kunye nokuBopha iincwadi: IiNkomfa zePisa".
• Ngo-1984: "Ukufikelela kwimodyuli kufundo lwengqondo"
• Ngo-1986: "Izithintelo"
• Ngo-1986: "Ulwazi loLwimi: Ubume, imvelaphi kunye nokuSebenzisa"
• Ngo-1995: "Inkqubo encinci"

Malunga nezopolitiko

• Ngo-1970: "Urhulumente wexesha elizayo"
• Ngo-1984: "Imfazwe yesibini ebandayo"
• Ngo-1988: "Inkululeko yesihlanu"
• Ngo-1987: "Ngamandla kunye nemibono"
• Ngo-1990: "Abalondolozi Benkululeko"
• Ngo-1992: "Uloyiko lwentando yesininzi"
• Ngo-1997: "i-Global Village"
• Ngo-1997: "Umzabalazo weklasi"
• Ngo-1997: "Inkqubo yehlabathi elitsha (kunye nendala)"
• 2000: "Izenzo zobundlongondlongo"
• Ngo-2000: "Inzuzo yinto ebalulekileyo"
• Ngo-2001: "Iimbono zamandla"
• 2001: "Un-Education"
• 2002: "Ipropaganda kunye noluvo loluntu"
• Ngo-2003: "unxantathu obulalayo"
• Ngo-2003: "Inkcubeko yobunqolobi"
• Ngo-2004: "Iingcinga zoMbindi Mpuma"
• Ngo-2004: "IPirates kunye neKumkani"
• Ngo-2007: “Amazwe Asileleyo. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamandla nokuhlaselwa kwedemokhrasi "
• Ngo-2008: "Ungenelelo"
• Ngo-2008: "Kwi-anarchism"
• Ngo-2008: "ILebhanon, ngaphakathi"
• Ngo-2010: "Ithemba nenyani"
• Ngo-2012: "Abakhohlisi"
• Ngo-2013: "Kwi-Anarchism"
• Ngo-2015: "Ngenxa yokuba sitsho njalo"

Ezinye zezopolitiko, ulwimi kunye nenkolo

Uluvo lukaChomsky, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuba siyavumelana naye okanye akunjalo, kulungile ukwazi, kunye nabo bonke abantu abacingayo kunye nefilosofi abaye banikezela iminyaka emininzi yobomi babo ukuba babonakalise. UChomsky unakho konke: ezopolitiko, ezolwimi kunye nenkolo, kwaye ukuba akunjalo, funda njalo ezinye zeengxelo zakhe:

Kuninzi lwabemi, nakwilizwe elityebe njenge-US, imivuzo ime okanye yehle kule minyaka ingama-25 idlulileyo, ngelixa iiyure kunye nokungaqiniseki kwemisebenzi kuye kwanda kakhulu […] Uqoqosho lwehlabathi lwehlile kwangelo xesha linye ( (…] ubukhulu becala kwinani labemi behlabathi, iimeko ziyothusa kwaye zihlala ziwohloka, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, […] Unxibelelwano phakathi kokukhula koqoqosho nentlalontle yoluntu okuye kwenzeka (umzekelo, emva kwemfazwe okanye inkululeko yangaphambili. incitshisiwe.

UYesu ngokwakhe, kwaye uninzi lomyalezo weeVangeli, ngumyalezo wokunceda abantu abahluphekileyo, ukugxekwa kwezityebi kunye namandla, kunye nemfundiso yokulwa, kwaye yahlala injalo, yindlela ubuKrestu obabunjalo ... de kwaba nguConstantine. : UConstantine wayitshintsha, ke umnqamlezo, owawungumqondiso wentshutshiso yomntu osebenzela amahlwempu, wafakwa kwikhaka loBukhosi baseRoma. Yaba luphawu lobundlobongela nengcinezelo, nto leyo engaphaya okanye icawe ibikhona ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ...

Ukuba uyakholelwa kwintetho yasimahla ke uyakholelwa kwintetho yasimahla yeendawo zokujonga ongazithandiyo. Umzekelo, uGoebbels wayexhasa inkululeko yokuthetha ngeembono awabelanayo, noStalin. Ukuba uxhasa inkululeko yokuthetha, oko kuthetha ukuba uyayithanda inkululeko yokuthetha ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo yokujonga ongabelaniyo ngayo, kungenjalo, ngekhe uthethelele inkululeko yokuthetha.

Iinyani zokuziyolisa

Njengomdla onomdla malunga nomfanekiso kaNoam Chomsky siza kukuxelela ukuba bobabini abanqolobi bin iLaden njengomongameli wangaphambili waseVenezuela, UHugo Chavez, wenza "ipropaganda" malunga nezincoko zikaNoam Chomsky, eqinisekisa ukuba ezo zinto kufuneka zifundwe "ukuqonda" kancinci "umgaqo" wakhe ngokuchasene neUnited States.