Kwilizwe loncwadi kukho iincwadi eziyintsomi ezingasoloko ziyanelisa bonke abafundi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuntsokotha kwazo okanye ngenxa yolwakhiwo olugqithisileyo lovavanyo xa kuthelekiswa noko ihlabathi laliqhele ukwenza. Oku kulandelayo Kunzima ukufunda iincwadi zibangela uthando kunye nentiyo, kwaye mhlawumbi kulapho ubukhulu babo bulele khona.
I-Steppe Wolf, nguHerman Hesse
Nangona uHessian esebenza njenge uSiddhārtha Baye baba ziincwadi ezigqibeleleyo zokufunda ngexesha elinye ngenxa yolwimi lwabo olulula kunye nobude obulinganiselweyo, ezinye ezinje ngale sijongana nayo apha ziye zaba yimiceli mngeni yokwenene kuncwadi. Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo, enye ye Iincwadi ezinkulu zekhulu lama-XNUMX Ikwayimbali ibali mhlawumbi lefilosofi kubantu abafuna izinto ezilula. Ibhalwe ngexesha lobunzima obunzulu bokomoya awathi uHerman Hesse wabandezeleka ngeminyaka yoo-20, inoveli ilandela ekhondweni lomlinganiswa ohlukane kwaphela noluntu kunye nexesha ahlala kulo, ekhulisa isimilo esincomekayo. I-classical, kodwa mhlawumbi ayizizo zonke izinto ozithandayo.
I-Silmarilion, nguJRRTolkien
Uninzi lwabalandeli beTolkien's fantasy bafumanisa umbhali ebulela kuye Inkosi edumileyo yeeRings trilogy kunye nokukhanya kakhulu i-Hobbit. Nangona kunjalo, xa ilixesha lokungena I-Silmarilion izinto zitshintshe kakhulu. Ukusekwa ngexesha leemfazwe zaseMelkor, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-Sauron eyandulelayo kuMhlaba oPhakathi usenabantu abangaphantsi kunye namadoda, I-Silmarilion, zombini kubume nakwimixholo, ikude nemisebenzi yeTolkien eyatsala abalandeli ababehamba noFrodo okanye uBilbo Ihlabathi elinomlingo elinamabali anikezela ngengxelo yorhwebo kunye nomlutha. Kuba kakhulu abalandeli beTolkien's Wizarding World.
IHopscotch, nguJulio Cortázar
Nangona namhlanje ingomnye wemisebenzi emikhulu yoncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ukupapashwa kwe Rayuela Ngo-1963 wacela umngeni kubafundi kwihlabathi liphela ngokucebisa isakhiwo esahlulwe siziqendu ezahlukileyo ezithobela iinkqubo zokufunda ezahlukeneyo, Ukutshintsha isiqalo sesiqhelo, isikimu esiphakathi kunye nesiphelo. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo njenge "antinovela" ngexesha lokupapashwa, ibali lothando likaHoracio Oliveira kunye neLa Maga linomlingo omninzi njengoko linamandla okubangela ukwaliwa okuthile kumfundi xa kuthelekiswa neminye imisebenzi eyaziwayo latin american boom Kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kune-Cortuszar's magnum opus.
Ulysses, nguJames Joyce
Nangona yinxalenye yendawo ebonakala ilula, le Inguqulelo yanamhlanje yeHomer's Odyssey Utshintshe uncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-1922 unaphakade emva kokupapashwa kwayo ngo-XNUMX. Inoveli, uhambo oluya kusuku kubomi bomntu ophambili kuLeopold Bloom (ngokutsho kukaJoyce ngokwakhe) kwizitrato zaseDublin, kukujonga kwilizwe eligcweleyo kunye nesimboli; ezininzi kangangokuba into ebonakala ngathi ibali elula iphela iba i-ode yemetaphysical apho ingenguye wonke umntu ebhaptizwa ngendlela efanayo. Mhlawumbi sesona sizathu sokuba Ulysses UJoyce uhlala eyimfihlakalo, enomdla njengoko injalo kwindalo iphela.
Umnyama woMvulo, nguThomas Pynchon
Kwaigama lalo msebenzi lisixelela ukuba sijamelene nento enkulu enomdla, kodwa kananjalo inzima kakhulu kubafundi. Ibekwe eYurophu ekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, inoveli ka-American Thomas Pynchon ijolise kuyo inkqubo yokwakha nokumilisela irokethi ye-V-2 eqaliswe ngumkhosi waseJamani kwaye waba yinto yokuqala yomntu yokwenza inqwelomoya. Isiseko sokuntywilisela umfundi kwihlabathi apho izinto ezibonakalayo nezingabonakaliyo, eziyinyani kunye nezingaphantsi komntu, zidibanisa ukwenza umsebenzi ekunzima ukungena kuwo xa uxabisa konke okukuko. Kuthathwa njengenye ye iinoveli zibalaseleyo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ziingcali ezininzi, wayengomnye wabagqatswa bePulitzer Prize ngo-1974, nangona engakhange ayifumane, ngokutsho kwamahemuhemu, ngenxa isicatshulwa esifaka iingxelo kwi-coprophilia.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda Umnyama womxhuzulane?
Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo, nguFyodor Dostoevsky
Iingxoxo zefilosofi kunye nokwandiswa kwemisebenzi zizinto ezimbini ezibonisa Uncwadi lwaseRussia kunzima ukulufunda Abanye abafundi abangazange bazigqibe naziphi na iincwadi ngababhali abanjengo Leo Tolstoy okanye, kule meko, uFyodor Dostoevsky kunye nodumileyo Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo. Ishicilelwe ngo-1866, inoveli ilandela ekhondweni lika Rodion Raskolnikov, umfundi oselula ongakwaziyo ukuhlawula iintlawulo zakhe, ewela kulusizi olunzulu apho azama ukubaleka khona phakathi kwababolekisi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho angayi kuba nako ukuphuma kulo. Imbali yinkanyamba kwi-crescendo ephela isonjululwa kumhlathi wokugqibela ekungafikanga wonke umntu kuwo.
IParadiso, nguJosé Lezama Lima
Yeyiphi enye iinoveli ezinkulu Latin American kwimbali, IParadiso yinoveli yokufunda ekuluhambo lobomi bomntu ophambili kuye, uJosé Cemí, ukusuka ebuntwaneni bakhe ukuya kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala eyunivesithi. Iphawulwe ngolwimi olutsha ngeli xesha, njengobumnandi njengesiqithi saseCuba esazala uLima, Paradiso ngumsebenzi apho uhlobo lwayo lubaluleke ngakumbi kunebali elisibalisayo, lokwahlula indawo yokufunda ekwamkelayo kwaye ibaleke kwesi siqhamo soncwadi simnandi njengoko sirhabaxa.
Iminyaka Elikhulu yokuba wedwa, nguGabriel García Márquez
Ngexesha lenkomfa enikwe nguGabo, omnye wabo bebeze kwiNdawo yeNobel Kutheni uninzi lwabalinganiswa kwi Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa babebizwa ngendlela efanayo. Kungelo xesha ke apho umbhali wabuza igama kumphulaphuli. "Enrique" - utshilo. "Utatakhe?" -Ubuze uGarcia Márquez. "NoEnrique" - uphendule watsho. Kwaye utat'omkhulu? "UEnrique. . . » Emva kokuhlekisa ngokubhekisele kumasiko osapho enkulungwane yamashumi amabini eColombia, uGabo khange abenakho ukuqhubeka nencoko, nangona oku kungakhange kuthintele abafundi abathile ekulahlekelweni zizinto ezimbi zesaga yaseBuendía ekhokelele kuninzi yethu ukukhangela umthi womnombo kaGoogle ukuze siqhubeke nokuphulukana nathi ngokenye yazo ezona ncwadi zilungileyo.
Zeziphi ezona ncwadi zinzima kuwe ukuba uzifunde?
Xa ufunda incwadi ngemfundiso yobuKrestu, ingakumbi eyamaKatolika, ukuba awunayo ipakethi yecuba, ithemos yekofu emnyama kunye nomonde omninzi; Ingqondo iqhuma. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukungena kwi-labyrinth yengqondo, funda incwadi ngefilosofi okanye inzululwazi ephawule ngayo ngumfundisi.
UDavid Kanales Perea, ngenxa yeencasa, imibala, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba izimvo zakho zinencasa embi ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye into.
Kuya kufuneka songeze isandi kunye nobushushu buka W. Faulkner
Iingcali zicebisa ukuba zicaciswe kwaye zingabi lilifu: - Ifilosofi: Bergson; -imbali: Jaeger; i-anthropology: iCampbell; Ukugxekwa: A. Reyes; njl. Incasa engalunganga ayiyibaxi i-exotic okanye i-churrigueresque.
Andiyongcali, kodwa ukusukela apho ndifunde ngokuzithandela iHopscotch, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo kunye neminyaka eli-XNUMX yokuba wedwa kwaye ndicinga ukuba ubulungisa obuncinci benzelwa le yokugqibela nangona iyinyani inabalinganiswa abaninzi kwaye amagama ayaphindwa eninzi inoveli enye enkulu, kwaye wonke umntu ofunda ayithande.
Kum, ezinye zezona ncwadi zinzima ukuzifunda nokuziqonda zezithi "The Bead Game" nguHerman Hesse, "Martin Eden" nguJack London, "Igama lam liBomvu" nguOrhan Pamuk, "L'écume des jours" kunye noL. "automme à Pekin "ngu-Boris Vian," i-Capital "nguKarl Marx," uL'être et le néant "nguJean Paul Sartre.
Kwezi zikhankanyiweyo ndifunde ezininzi, kodwa mna ndifumene iNtaba yomlingo nguThomas Mann ixinene kakhulu.