Indoda endala nolwandle
Indoda endala nolwandle (Ngo-1952) ngowona msebenzi ubalaseleyo weentsomi ze-American Ernest Hemingway. Emva kokupapashwa kwakhe, umbhali wabuyela kwibala zoncwadi. Ibali liphefumlelwe ngamava ombhali njengomlobi waseCuba. Yabanjwa ngaphezulu kwamaphepha ali-110 ama-adventures omatiloshe omdala kunye nomzabalazo wakhe wokubamba intlanzi enkulu yasemarlin.
Eli bali lifutshane lapapashwa okokuqala kwiphephancwadi ubomi, eyayivuyisa uHemingway, kuba incwadi yakhe yayiza kufumaneka kubantu abaninzi abangazange bakwazi ukuyithenga. Kudliwanondlebe wavakalisa: "... oku kundonwabisa kakhulu kunokuwina iNobel." Ngandlela thile, la magama aba sisothuso, njengoko umbhali wawongwa ngembasa kaNobel yoNcwadi ngo-1954.
Isishwankathelo se Indoda endala nolwandle (1952)
Santiago es umlobi owaziwayo eHavana njenge "endala". Yena uhamba kwisiqwengana esirhabaxa: ngaphezulu kwe Iintsuku ezingama-80 ngaphandle fumana iziqhamo ze lokuloba. Ukuzimisela ukutshintsha ubutyebi bakhe, uvuka kwangoko angene kwiGulf Streams, yonke into ibonakala ilunga xa iluma kwindlwana yakhe intlanzi yaselwandle. Lo mceli mngeni mkhulu uwubona njengendlela yokubonisa abanye ngezakhono zakhe.
Idabi elikhulu
Indoda endala yalwa naye iintsuku ezintathu inkulu kwaye yomelele intlanzi; ngeeyure ezinde zininzi izinto ezahamba engqondweni yakhe. Phakathi kwabo, elidlulileyo, nini umfazi wakhe waphila kwaye wonwabela ukuchuma emsebenzini wabo. Ukhumbule kwakhona uMandolin, umfana owayefundise lo msebenzi kuselusana kwaye wayeliqabane lakhe elithembekileyo, kodwa owafudukayo.
Isiphelo esingalindelekanga
USantiago wanikela ngayo yonke into, kwaye ngomzamo wokugqibela ikwazile ukukhusela iintlanzi wamenzakalisa ngeharhu yakhe. Ngokuzidla ngomdlalo wakhe, wagqiba kwelokuba abuye. Ukubuyela emhlabeni kwakungekho lula kwaphela, kuba umlobi omdala wayefanele ajongane nookrebe ababebambisa. Nangona wayesilwa nabaninzi, kancinci kancinci bakwazile ukuyidla loo ntlanzi inkulu kwaye bashiye kuphela amathambo ayo, awayeveza iimvakalelo zokoyiswa kwindoda endala.
Emva kwexesha, USantiago wafika elunxwemeni; ushiye isikhephe sakhe kunye neentlanzi zentlanzi enkulu ndagoduka ndidiniwe kwaye ndibuhlungu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuba kwakungekho nto ishiyekileyo kwimarlin, wonke umntu elalini wamangaliswa bubukhulu bentlanzi enjalo. UMandolin wayekhona kwaye wabona ukufika, kwaye wazisola ngokushiya ixhego, ke wathembisa ukumkhapha kwakhona emsebenzini.
Uhlalutyo Indoda endala nolwandle
Ulwakhiwo
Ibali liqulathe ulwimi olucacileyo nolulula, oluvumela ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo nangokonwaba. Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwamaphepha amaninzi-xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinoveli-, ibonelela ngesiqulatho esixineneyo kunye nomgangatho. Zininzi iimfundiso ezikhoyo kule ngxelo, ethi, ukongeza, ixhomekeke kutoliko lomfundi. Kungenxa yoko le nto unokufumana izimvo ezahlukeneyo ngalo msebenzi.
Uhlobo lomboniso
Eli bali lifutshane ibonisa uhlobo olulodwa lombhali. Kwaziswa iqhawe - uSantiago, umlobi omdala - othi, nangona sele ekhulile, anganikezeli. Njengesiqhelo, kukho umba ongaphezulu: ukungabikho kokuloba; Nangona kunjalo, ibali liya phambili. Umlinganiswa udlula kuthotho lweemeko zabantu, ezinje nge isizungu, ukuphoxekat ilahleko, kodwa uyiphila yonke ngaphandle kokuphulukana nentando yakhe kunye nesibindi.
Ukutolika okwahlukileyo
Sijongene nento abayibiza ngokuba sisiphelo esivulekileyo. Ibali ayinasiphumo esithile, kuba ayichazwanga ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kanye ngeSantiago. Ke ngoko, yonke into ishiye ukutolikwa komfundi. Umzekelo, usizi kunye noloyiso abuyela kulo umlobi ekhaya kunokutolikwa njengesiphelo sobukho bakhe.
Umxholo
Ngaphandle kothandabuza, Indoda endala nolwandle Yincwadi ekwenza ubonakalise kwiimeko ezininzi zobomi. Ngaphandle kokuba unomxholo ophambili wohambo lomlobi ongumlobi ohamba ngesiqwengana sebali, ibali ngokomfuziselo lichukumisa amanye amanqaku, anje ngala: ubuhlobo, ukuthembeka, unyamezelo, ukungoyiki, ukuzingca, isizungu y ukufa, ukubala nje ezimbalwa.
Olunye ulwazi ngobomi bomlobi
Umbhali kunye nentatheli u-Ernest Miller Hemingway Wazalwa ngolwesiHlanu, Agasti 21, 1899 kwi-Oak Park Village kumantla e-Illinois. Abazali bakhe yayi: UClarence Edmonds Hemingway kunye noGrace Hall Hemingway; yena, ugqirha wamabhinqa owaziwayo; kwaye yena, imvumi ebalulekileyo kunye nemvumi. Zombini zazinjalo amanani ahloniphekileyo kuluntu lwe-Oak Park.
U-Ernest waya e-Oak Park nakwi-River Forest High School. Kunyaka wakhe wokugqibela, waya Phakathi kwezifundo ezininzi— iklasi yobuntatheli, eyalelwa nguFannie Biggs. Kule meko, ababhali ababalaseleyo banikezelwa ngokupapashwa kwamanqaku abo kwiphephandaba lesikolo, elibizwa ngokuba: I-Trapeze. IHemingway uphumelele ngokubhala kwakhe kokuqala, ibiyi malunga neChicago Symphony Orchestra kwaye yaziswa ngo-1916.
Ukuqala kobuntatheli kunye nemfazwe yokuqala yehlabathi
Ngo-1917-emva kokwala ukuya ekholejini- wafudukela eKansas. Pha Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njenge ntatheli kwiphephandaba IKansas City Star. Ukucinga ngokuhlala kule ndawo iinyanga ezi-6, wayenamava aneleyo okwenza imisebenzi yakhe yexesha elizayo. Kamva wajoyina i-Red Cross ukuya kwi-WWIApho wayesebenza njengomqhubi weambulensi ngaphambili.
Umbhali wemfazwe
Emva kwengozi kwi-ambulensi, uErnest kwafuneka abuyele kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, apho wabuyela khona kwintatheli. Ngo-1937 waya eSpeyin njengentatheli nguMbutho wamaphephandaba waseNyakatho Melika ukugubungela iMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseSpain. Kunyaka kamva, waxela ngeziganeko zeMfazwe ye-Ebro kwaye embindini weMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi wabona ubungqina be-D-Day, apho i-Operation Overlord yaqala khona.
Uhlobo loncwadi
Hemingway yayithathwa njengenxalenye yesiZukulwana esilahlekileyo, iqela lamaMelika aqala umsebenzi wawo wokubhala emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Kungenxa yoko Imisebenzi yakhe ibonisa ukudana nokungabi nathemba kwexesha elinzima. Amabali akhe kunye neenoveli zibonakaliswa ngokubhalwa kwiprozi ebalisayo, enezivakalisi ezifutshane zokuchaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kancinci kweempawu zangaphakathi.
Umbhali yaqatshelwa njengesitayile esahlukileyo, esasiphawula ngaphambi nasemva kwibala lokufunda. Incwadana yakhe yokuqala, Fiesta (Ngo-1926), waqala umsebenzi wakhe. Lo msebenzi ubonise indlela ebhaliweyo yokubhala, ethi yona Hemingway ebizwa: ithiyori yomkhenkce. Ngayo, umbhali ugcina Isiseko sebali akufuneki siziswe ngqo kumfundi, kodwa kufuneka ime ngokugqwesileyo.
Molo, igama lam ndinguAreli kwaye bendiyithanda le bhlog, ndiyifumene inomdla kwaye ndiza kubuya rhoqo kuba indlela yokubonisa umxholo iyile kwaye inomdla kangangokuba kuthi kuthi bathandi bokuyifunda kuyasikhuthaza ukuba sifunde ngakumbi kwaye sazi ngakumbi malunga nelizwe loncwadi. Inyani yile yokuba ndiyithandile le bhlog kuba okomzuzwana ndaziva ndiyintombazana encinci kwivenkile yeelekese ndingazi ukuba yeyiphi eswiti yokukhetha yonke into ekhangeleka inomdla kangangokuba ndifuna ukufunda yonke into yaaa.