Don UMiguel Hernandez wazalelwa eOrihuela eyadlulayo 110 iminyaka usuku olunje namhlanje. Enye ye Iimbongi ezinkulu kunye nezibalulekileyo zoncwadi lwaseSpain usishiye kwangoko kakhulu kwaye sisebancinci kakhulu. Lo nyaka ikwayisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-75 yokusweleka kwakhe ngo-1942 ngenxa yesifo sephepha. Kodwa rhoqo nge-30 ka-Okthobha sibhiyozela kwakhona ukuba yeyethu, ukuba ibhalwe ngolwimi lwethu oluhle kwaye isishiyile Ilifa lezona vesi zintle inokufunyanwa.

Iimfazwe ezibuhlungu, Abasebenzi bemini, Ingoma yokugqibela, Itswele nana, Izandla… Zininzi kwaye zilungile. Kufanelekile oku kulula irhafu kumzobo wakhe kunye nobugcisa ekhumbula inxenye yomsebenzi wakhe nge ukhetho yeevesi endizithandayo nemibongo. 

UMiguel Hernandez Gilabert

Wazalelwa ngaphakathi Orihuela ngo-Oktobha 30, 1910 no wayengumdlali odlalayo Ngaphandle kokuba yimbongi. Ivela kwi usapho oluthobekileyo kwaye kwafuneka ashiye isikolo kwakusasa kakhulu ayokusebenza njengomfundisi. Kodwa yayingu umfundi omkhulu wemibongo yamandulo (Garcilaso, Góngora, Quevedo okanye San Juan de la Cruz) kwaye ke wafumana ukukhuthazeka kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukubhala izibongo.

Yayivela 1930 xa iqala papasha umbongo wakhe kwiimagazini ezinje Idolophu yaseOrihuela o Usuku luka-Alicante. Ngelo shumi leminyaka waya Madrid kwaye wasebenzisana nakwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo, ezazimvumela ukuba asebenzisane nezinye iimbongi zelo xesha. Ukubuya kuka-Orihuela wabhala Ingcali kwiinyanga, Apho ungabona khona impembelelo yababhali awafunda ebuntwaneni bakhe kunye nabo wadibana nabo kolo hambo eMadrid.

Xa ebuyela eMadrid ukuza kuhlala, wasebenza njenge Umshicileli kwi Isichazi-magama sikaCossío sokulwa inkunzi kwi Imisebenzi yokufundisa lifakwe nguAlejandro Casona. Kukule minyaka xa wabhala imibongo efana Impempe eyophulweyo e Umfanekiso weenyawo zakho, kwaye yaziwa kakhulu Umbane ongapheliyo.

Ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya idityanisiwe Umoya waselalini y Umntu uyabetha, izihloko zento eyabizwa ngokuba "yimibongo yemfazwe." Emva komlo, wazama ukumka eSpain, kodwa wabanjwa kumda nePortugal. Lakhe isigwebo sentambo ekuqaleni yatshintshwa yaya kweye iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ejele yaphela Incwadi yeeNgoma kunye neebhaladi zokungabikho. Kodwa wagula isifo sofuba Kwaye wasweleka ngoMatshi 28, 1942 kwintolongo yaseAlicante.

Ukukhethwa kweevesi

Itswele nana

Mhlawumbi kweyona mibongo yakhe mihle kwaye yothusayo ukuba le mbongi yabhala isentolongweni iphendula ileta yomfazi wayo. Belahlekelwe ngumntwana wabo wokuqala kunyaka ongaphambili kwaye wamxelela ukuba ngezo ntsuku wayesitya isonka kunye netswele kuphela.

Itswele yingqele
ivaliwe kwaye ihlwempu.
Iqabaka yemihla yakho
nobusuku bam.
Indlala kunye netswele,
Umkhenkce omnyama kunye neqabaka
inkulu kwaye ijikeleze.

Kwindlala
umntwana wam wayenjalo.
Ngegazi itswele
Uncanciswe.
Kodwa igazi lakho
iqabaka ngeswekile,
itswele nendlala.

Umfazi o-brunette
isonjululwe enyangeni
umsonto ngomsonto uchithekile
ngaphaya kwebhedi.
Hleka, mntwana
ukuba ndikuphathele inyanga
xa kuyimfuneko.

Lark yendlu yam,
hleka kakhulu.
Kukuhleka kwakho emehlweni akho
ukukhanya kwehlabathi.
Hleka kakhulu
Umphefumlo wam ukukuva
shaya indawo.

Ukuhleka kwakho kuyandikhulula
indinika amaphiko.
Ubushushu buyandisusa,
ijele liyandithatha.
Umlomo ophaphazelayo,
Intliziyo ukuba imilebe yakho
kudanyaza. […]

Iminquma

Ama-Andalusians kaJaén,
Iminquma ekhukhumeleyo,
ndixelele emphefumlweni wam: ngubani,
ngubani ophakamise iminquma?

Akukho nto ibakhulisileyo,
Nokuba yimali, okanye inkosi,
kodwa umhlaba ozolileyo,
sebenza kwaye ubile.

Emanyene namanzi acocekileyo
sele zidibeneyo iiplanethi,
abathathu banika ubuhle
yemiboko ejijekileyo.

Vuka, mnquma, ngwevu,
Batsho ezinyaweni zomoya.
Kwaye umnquma waphakamisa isandla
isiseko esinamandla. […]

Inkwenkwe yobusuku

Ukuhleka, ukuhlekisa ngokucacileyo ngomhla,
umntwana bendifuna ukutshona kabini ebusuku.
Bendingasafuni kukhanya. Lo nto? Ayizukuphuma
Okuninzi kokuthula kunye nobo bumnyama.

Bendifuna ukuba… Ndenzela ntoni?… Bendifuna ukufika ndonwabile
embindini wenqanaba layo yonke into ekhoyo.
Ndifuna ukuzisa ukuhleka njengeyona nto intle.
Ndife ndincumile ndonwabile.

Umntwana kabini umntwana: amatyeli amathathu ezayo.
Qengqeleka kwakhona kwilizwe opaque lesisu.
Buyela umva, uthando. Buyela umva, mntwana, kuba andifuni
Phuma apho ukukhanya kufumana usizi olukhulu. […]

Ingoma yendoda yejoni

Ndisizalisile isisu sakho ngothando nokuhlwayela,
Ndiye ndenza ixesha elide ukuba ndimphendule
ndilinde umjelo njengoko ikhuba lilindile:
Ndifikile emazantsi

I-Brunette eneenqaba eziphakamileyo, ukukhanya okuphezulu kunye namehlo aphezulu,
umfazi wolusu lwam, isiselo esinxilisayo ebomini bam,
amabele akho aphambeneyo akhula eza kum exhuma
imazi yebhokhwe ekhulelweyo.

Kubonakala kum ukuba uyikristale ebuthathaka,
Ndiyoyika ukuba uyakundophula nakukukhubazeka,
kwaye yomeleza imithambo yakho ngesikhumba sam sejoni
ngaphandle njengomthi wecheri.

Isibuko senyama yam, ukondla kwamaphiko am,
Ndikunika ubomi ekufeni kwabo bandinike bona kwaye andikuthathi.
Mfazi, mfazi, ndifuna ukuba ungqongwe ziimbumbulu,
Ukunqwenela ukukhokelwa. […]

Boca

Umlomo otsala umlomo wam:
umlomo ondirhuqe ngawo:
umlomo ovela kude
ukundikhanyisela ngemitha.

Alba oyinika ubusuku bam
ukukhanya okubomvu nokumhlophe.
Umlomo ugcwele ngemilomo:
intaka egcwele iintaka
Ingoma ebuyisa amaphiko
phezulu nasezantsi.
Ukufa kuncitshiswe ukwanga
ukunxanelwa ukufa kancinci,
Ninika ingca eyophayo igazi
iimpiko ezimbini eziqaqambileyo.
Umlomo ongaphezulu kwesibhakabhaka
nomhlaba omnye umlomo.

Wanga uqengqeleka kwisithunzi:
ukwanga okuqengqelekayo
ukusuka emangcwabeni okuqala
kude kube ziinkwenkwezi zokugqibela.
I-Astro enomlomo wakho
kuthulisiwe kwavalwa
kude kube kukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
yenza ukungcangcazela kweenkophe zakho. […]

Ndibiza inkunzi yenkomo yaseSpain

Vuka, nkunzi yenkomo yaseSpain: vuka, vuka.
Vuka ngokupheleleyo, inkunzi yegwebu emnyama,
uphefumla ukukhanya kwaye ukhuphe isithunzi,
kwaye ugxila elwandle phantsi kwesikhumba sakho esivaliweyo.

Vuka

Vuka ngokupheleleyo, ndiyabona ulele,
isiqwenga sesifuba kunye nenye intloko:
ukuba awukavuki njengenkunzi ivuka
xa ehlaselwa ngokungcatsha.

Phakama.

Hlutha amandla akho, tyhila amathambo akho,
Nyusa ibunzi lakho ngamazembe angumqondiso,
ngezixhobo ezibini ezoyikisa iinkwenkwezi,
ukusongela isibhakabhaka ngeempondo zentlekele.

Ndithambise.

[...]

Umthombo webhayiloji: I-Instituto Cervantes