Imibongo kaRubén Darío

Enye yemibongo kaRubén Darío

Umbongo nguRubén Darío.

"Iimbongo zikaRubén Darío" yenye yezona zinto zikhangelwe kuGoogle, kwaye ayilolize, italente yale mbongi yaziwa kakhulu. Umbhali wazalelwa eMetapa, eNicaragua, nge-18 kaJanuwari ngo-1867. Waziwa eLatin America ngenxa yemibongo yakhe — italente awathi wayibonisa kwasebutsheni-, nangona wayegqamile njengentatheli nonozakuzaku. UFélix Rubén García Sarmiento ligama lakhe elipheleleyo; Wamkela ifani enguDarío ngenxa yokuba amalungu osapho, "los Daríos", babesaziwa ngaloo ndlela.

Ababhali-mbali balatha eSalvador uFrancisco Gavidia njengenye yezona mpembelelo zabo zinkulu, njengoko kwamkhokelela kulungelelwaniso lweevesi zaseFrance zaseAlexandria ukuya kwimethrikhi yaseSpain. Inyani yile yokuba uRubén Darío uthathelwa ingqalelo ziingcali njengoyena mmeli ubalaseleyo wolwazi lwanamhlanje kulwimi lwesiSpanish kwaye igama lakhe ngu phakathi kwee-greats zeentsomi zaseLatin American zamva nje.

IJuventud

Umbhali ngobomi bomntu ubanzi kakhulu. URubén ufumene uqeqesho lobuntu, wayengumfundi onomdla kunye nombhali onobuchule. Kwiminyaka eyi-14 wenza ushicilelo lwakhe lokuqala kwiphephandaba laseLeón; Kule mibongo yokuqala uveza izimvo zakhe ezizimeleyo nezinenkqubela phambili, uhlala ethanda inkululeko. Ngo-1882 (eneminyaka eyi-15) u-Rubén omncinci wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala e-El Salvador, njengomkhuseli wabathunywa bezopolitiko.

Kwiminyaka eyi-16, wayesele enegalelo kumaphephandaba ahlukeneyo eManagua. Ngo-1886 wafudukela eChile ukuze afumane amava njengentatheli kushicilelo losasazo olunje Ixesha, La Libertad y IHerald; ezimbini zokuqala zivela eSantiago kwaye ezokugqibela zivela eValparaíso. Kweli lizwe lo Mzantsi Melika wadibana noPedro Balmaceda Toro, owamazisa kwezona ngqondi, kwezopolitiko nakwezentlalo zeli lizwe ezashiya impembelelo yazo kwimbongi yaseNicaragua.

UValparaíso kulapho kwapapashwa khona ingqokelela yemibongo Azul, ixabiswa ngabagxeki boncwadi njengesiqalo sale mihla. Ukongeza, lo msebenzi umnika ukufaneleka okwaneleyo ukuba abe ngumnxibelelanisi wephephandaba. Uhlanga lweBuenos Aires. Emva koko, phakathi kuka-1889 no-1892, waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe njenge ntatheli kunye nembongi kumazwe aliqela akuMbindi Merika.

Ukusukela ngo-1892 usebenze njengelungu labathunywa bezopolitiko baseNicaragua eYurophu, Kwinkulungwane ye-IV yokuFunyanwa kweMelika. Babengamaxesha okunxibelelana nesangqa seBohemian eParis. Kunyaka kamva wabuyela eMzantsi Melika, wahlala eBuenos Aires kude kube ngo-1896 kwaye apho wapapasha imisebenzi yakhe emibini yokuchaza - echaza i-modernism kwisiSpanish. Inqabile y Iprose prose kunye neminye imibongo.

Umzobo kaRubén Darío.

Umzobo kaRubén Darío.

Imitshato kunye nezikhundla zozakuzo

Ubudlelwane bothando kunye nokunyamalala kosapho okusondeleyo kuphawule uninzi lweempembelelo zakhe zoncwadi. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-23 ubudala, uRubén Darío watshata noRafaela Contreras Cañas eManagua ngoJuni ka-1890. Kunyaka olandelayo izibulo lakhe lazalwa kwaye ngo-1893 waba ngumhlolokazi kuba uContreras wasweleka emva kotyando.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo ku-Matshi 8 watshata-wanyanzelwa, ngokwababhali-kunye no-Rosario Emelina. Kuyabonakala ukuba, uRubén Darío wamiselwa ngabantakwabo basemkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, imbongi yaseNicaragua yathatha ithuba lokuhlala kwayo eMadrid njengentatheli yephephandaba laseBuenos Aires La Nación kuba, ukusukela ngonyaka we-1898, ukuhlala kwenye indawo phakathi kweParis neMadrid.

Ngo-1900 wadibana noFrancisca Sánchez kwikomkhulu laseSpain, umfazi ongafundanga onemvelaphi yamahlwempu amtshatileyo kwaye wayenabantwana abane (kwasinda omnye kuphela, uRubén Darío Sánchez, "Guincho"). Imbongi yamfundisa ukufunda nabahlobo bakhe (abahlala eParis) u-Amando Nervo kunye no-Manuel Machado.

Ukusuka kuhambo lwakhe olwahlukeneyo eSpain waqokelela umbono wakhe kule ncwadi ISpain yanamhlanje. IziKronike kunye neefoto zoncwadi (1901). Ngelo xesha, uRubén Darío wayesele evuselele abantu abaziwayo ababekhusela i-Modernism eSpain, phakathi kwabo yayinguJacinto Benavente, uJuan Ramón Jiménez kunye noRamón María del Valle-Inclán.

Ngo-1903 wonyulwa njenge-Consul yaseNicaragua eParis. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva wathatha inxaxheba njengenxalenye yegqiza elalijongene nokusombulula impikiswano yomhlaba neHonduras. Kwakhona, ngo-1905 wapapasha incwadi yakhe yesithathu: Iingoma zobomi kunye nethemba, ii-swans kunye neminye imibongo.

Emva koko uRubén Darío uthathe inxaxheba kwiNkomfa yesiThathu yePan American (ngo-1906) njengonobhala wegqiza laseNicaragua. Ngo-1907 u-Emelina wabonakala eParis ebanga amalungelo akhe njengomfazi. Umbhali ubuyile eNicaragua ukuya kufaka umtshato wakhe, kodwa watsho phantsi.

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo kaRubén Darío

Ekupheleni kuka-1907 wamiselwa njengonozakuzaku omele iNicaragua eMadrid ngurhulumente kaJuan Manuel Zelaya, enkosi kwigama lakhe njengembongi eMelika naseYurophu. Wabamba esi sikhundla kwade kwango-1909. Emva koko, wayephakathi konyaka we-1910 nowe-1913 kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo nakwimishini yaseburhulumenteni kumazwe awahlukeneyo aseLatin America.

Ngelo xesha wapapasha Ubomi bukaRubén Darío obhalwe nguye e Imbali yeencwadi zam, ezibini ezibhaliweyo ngobomi bakhe zibalulekile ukuqonda ubomi bakhe kunye nokuvela kwakhe kuncwadi.

E-Barcelona, ​​wabhala ingqokelela yakhe yokugqibela yemibongo: Ndiculela iArgentina neminye imibongo (1914). Ekugqibeleni, emva kotyelelo olufutshane eGuatemala, ukuqhambuka kweMfazwe Enkulu kwamnyanzela ukuba abuyele eNicaragua, apho wafela khona eLeón, ngoFebruwari 6, 1916. Wayeneminyaka engama-59 ubudala.

Uhlalutyo lweminye imibongo eyaziwa kakhulu nguRubén Darío

"UMargarita" (Kwisikhumbuzo)

“Uyakhumbula ukuba ubufuna ukuba yiMargarita Gautier?

Kugxile engqondweni yam ubuso bakho obungaqhelekanga,

xa sasidla kunye, ngomhla wokuqala,

Ngobusuku obumnandi obungasokuze babuye

Imilebe yakho ebomvu yo mfusa uqalekisiwe

baphunga i-champagne kwi-baccarat emnandi;

iminwe yakho ityhile iMargarita emnandi,

< > Kwaye ubusazi ukuba uyakuthanda kakade!

“Emva kwexesha, oh, ntyatyambo yeHysteria! Ubulila uhleka;

ukwanga kwakho kunye neenyembezi zakho bendinazo emlonyeni wam;

ukuhleka kwakho, iziqholo zakho, izikhalazo zakho, zezam.

"Kwaye emva kwemini ebuhlungu kwezona ntsuku zimnandi,

Ukufa, onomona, ukubona ukuba uyandithanda na,

Njengengxelo yothando, ikunyelisile! ”.

Caphulelwa nguRubén Darío.

Caphulelwa nguRubén Darío.

Uhlalutyo

Lo ngumsebenzi okhuthazwe luthando kunye nosizi lokuswelekelwa ngumntu omthandayo. Ifumaneka ngaphakathi Iprose prose kunye neminye imibongo (Ngo-1896). Ithathwa njengenye yeetekisi zangaphambi kolwimi lwesiSpanish ngolwimi lwesiSpanish, olubonakaliswa ngokungafaniyo kwenkcubeko, ulwimi oluxabisekileyo kunye nokugcinwa ngokusesikweni.

"Sonatina"

“Inkosazana ibuhlungu… iya kuba yintoni inkosazana?

Uyancwina ephuma emlonyeni wakhe wequnube,

ngubani ophelelwe yintsini, oshiye umbala.

Inkosazana iphaphathekile kwisitulo sayo segolide,

ikhibhodi yesitshixo sayo segolide ithe cwaka;

Kwivasi evaliweyo intyatyambo iyatyhafa.

“Isitiya eso sivelisa uloyiso lweepikoko.

Ukuthetha, umnini uthi izinto ezinqabileyo,

kwaye, banxibe ezibomvu, iipirouettes ijester.

Inkosazana ayihleki, inkosazana ayiziva

inkosazana ibaleka ngesibhakabhaka esisempuma

uhlabamanzi ebhadula emfihlekweni.

Ngaba ucinga ngenkosana yaseGolconda okanye yase China,

okanye apho iflothi yakhe yaseArgentina ime khona

Ukubona ngamehlo akhe ubumnandi bokukhanya

Okanye kukumkani weziqithi zeeroses ezinuka kamnandi,

okanye kulowo uphetheyo iidayimani ezicacileyo,

okanye umnini webhongo weeperile zeHormuz?

"Owu! Inkosazana ehlwempuzekileyo enomlomo opinki

ufuna ukugwinya, ufuna ukuba libhabhathane,

unamaphiko alula, phantsi kwesibhakabhaka,

uye elangeni ngesikali esikhanyayo semitha,

bulisa iinyibiba ngeevesi zikaMeyi,

okanye ulahleke emoyeni kukuduma kolwandle.

"Akasalifuni ibhotwe, okanye ivili lesilivere elijikelezayo,

akukho ntloko yokuthakatha, okanye jester ebomvu,

okanye ii-swan ngazwinye echibini le-azure.

Iintyatyambo zilusizi ngentyatyambo yenkundla;

ijasmine yaseMpuma, ii-nelumbos zaseNtla,

ukusuka eNtshona i-dahlias kunye neeroses ezivela eMzantsi.

"Nkosazana ehlwempuzekileyo ngamehlo aluhlaza! ...".

Uhlalutyo

Ukuzoba nguRubén Darío.

Ukuzoba nguRubén Darío.

"Sonatina" nayo ivela Iprozi engcolileyo. Ubonisa isihobe ngemitha egqibeleleyo, ngendlela enomdla yokwenza ingxoxo yakho, ngeenkcukacha ezintle kwizinto ze-chromatic kunye ne-sensory. Ngokukwanjalo, kulo mbongo kukho amanani ama-Greco-Latin kunye neentsomi zaseFrance Versailles ezisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokunxibelelana neemvakalelo zabo. Ngumsebenzi obalisayo onentlawulo enkulu yeemvakalelo, uxelelwe ngokombono osondeleyo kunye nokuzithoba we-protagonist, inkosazana egcwele usizi.


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