Ubomi kunye nemibongo kaPablo Neruda: imbongi yendalo iphela

Ukuthetha ngoPablo Neruda kufuneka sibuyele ekuzalweni kabini kwembongi enye. Oko kukuthi, njengokuba kwakukho uRicardo Neftalí Reyes, kwabakho noPablo Neruda, amagama amabini ahlukeneyo aneendlela ezimbini zokuthetha. Ayizokwanela ukuyichaza loo nto URicardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1904 Kwaye ukuba uPablo wasweleka nge-23 ka-Septemba ngo-1973, kuya kufuneka ungene nzulu kwaye uphonononge iinkcukacha ezingapheliyo zale mbongi yendalo iphela.

URicardo Neftalí uthathe isigqibo sokuya kwikomkhulu ephethe ubutsha bakhe ebuhlanti, kwaye ephethe imyuziyam ethambekele kuthando, uvuyo kunye nomnqweno. Uyise wembongi akazange ayithande italente yakhe yemibongo, ezisa iyantlukwano phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yokungena kukayise, uRicardo wagqiba kwelokuba amkele igama likaPablo Neruda, isibizo esasihamba naye ukuya esiphelweni kwaye ngelo xesha samkhulula kumatyala osapho. Italente yembongi yayidume kakubi, de kwathi, xa yayineminyaka nje eyi-16, ngo-1921 yaphumelela ukhuphiswano lwayo lwemibongo.

Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala

Uhlobo lukaPablo Neruda Kwakuqhuma, lo mfana waqala ukubhala ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwaye ukubaxeka okwamchaza ngelo xesha yayiyinkwenkwezi yakhe yobomi. Umzekelo, Ngorhatya (Ngo-1923) wazalwa embindini wokufunyanwa kweemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zakhe.

Emva koko, imbongi eselula bothusa abahlali boncwadi ngomnye weyona misebenzi ithengiswa kakhulu kulwimi lweSpanish: 20 imibongo yothando kunye nengoma yokuphelelwa lithemba (1924). Lo msebenzi ungene nzulu kwihlabathi leeleta kwaye wavula iingcango zempumelelo kumbhali oselula.

Imbongi ye-avant-garde

Iimpawu zikaNerudian ngokuthe ngcembe zaqala ukubonisa ubuso obunobuchule. I-avant-garde kaNeruda ibonakaliswe ekusetyenzisweni kwezakhiwo zemibongo, kwisiphazamiso sobuchule bakhe, kwinkululeko yokucinga kunye nokukhathazeka ngokunzulu malunga nemicimbi yezentlalo. Le mbongi inye, kwimbali yobomi bakhe, waqinisekisa: "Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ndivale umnyango wesitalato ngaphakathi kwemibongo yam." Okwangoku, uRicardo Reyes waqala ukuqonda ukuba uNeruda wayeyinto engaphaya kwegama: udumo.

Utshintsho lwendalo, utshintsho kumbono wobomi

Ewe, Njengokuba wayedlula eluzolweni lukaParral, idolophu yakowabo, esiya kufutshane ekufikeni kokufika kwakhe emsebenzini kwilizwe liphela, imbongi yehlabathi yavela, umqokeleli wezinto, imbongi enamehlo akhukhumeleyo, i-Latin American ebhalileyo Cula ngokubanzi kunye nomntu owongwa ngembasa kaNobel yoNcwadi ngo-1971. Ngamanye amazwi, kuRicardo owayelityelwe watsiba waya kuPablo ozinikeleyo.

Amanqanaba amane okudala kaNeruda

Ubomi bukaPablo Neruda babonakaliswa ngamanqanaba amane okudala, ngalinye linemeko yeemeko ezazingqonge yena.. Ekuqaleni, ubuntwana bakhe eParral kunye neminyaka yakhe yokuqala eSantiago, eyayichaza imbongi yothando ephenjelelwa yimpucuko kaRubén Darío. Kwinqanaba lesibini, inqanaba lomsebenzi wakhe: Indawo yokuhlala emhlabeni (Ngo-1937), echaza ukuhlala kwakhe eBurma, eColombo naseHolland apho afumana khona umtshato wokuqala kwimitshato yakhe emithathu. Okwesithathu, inqanaba lakhe lezopolitiko elaqala ngo-1937 de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Kweli nqanaba lokugqibela incwadi yeencwadi yahlukile kwimisebenzi kaNerudian: Cula ngokubanzi (1950).

Kwangolu hlobo lunye, xa wayethetha ngesihlandlo sesine somsebenzi kaNeruda, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ayinike ezona zinto "zingabalulekanga" kufuneka zenziwe kwikhathalogu. Imixholo ephindaphindayo yomsebenzi kaNeruda yayijolise kwinyani yemihla ngemihla, ukuya ekhaya, nakwiziganeko zesitalato, kuyo yonke into. Umbongo wakhe ngale ndlela uqhubeka kwi Izinto ezisisiseko. Umzekelo, kwi "Ode kwiArtichoke", ayinguye wonke umntu ojika isityalo sibe ligorha eliphupha ngomkhosi kwaye liphele ngoxolo lwembiza. Ingqondi kaNeruda, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yangqungqa kwimeko yakhe. Banokuthiywa ngegama: Ode emoyeni, Ode kwi-anyanisi, Ode kwisakhiwo, Ode ukuba nomona, Ode ukuba lusizi, Ode amanani, Ode ukuya iwotshi ebusuku, phakathi kwabanye.

UNeruda kunye nabafazi bakhe abathathu

UNeruda wayenabafazi abathathu: uMaría Antonieta Hagenaar, awadibana naye eJava, Delia del Carril, owathi nangona wayeneminyaka engama-50 wakwazi ukuthimba uPablo oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, noMatilde Urrutia, umongikazi kunye nomenzi wekhaya owayemkhathalela i-phlebitis ngelixa wayeseMexico. Ukugqibela kwakhe wanikezela ingqokelela yemibongo Iivesi zomphathiIncwadi eyahlulwe yangamacandelo asixhenxe nalapho nganye nganye ichaza ulandelelwano, ngokwembongi, ngalo naluphi na ulwalamano lothando: "Uthando", "Umnqweno", "iiFury", "Ubomi", "Ode kunye nokuntshula", " Epitalamio "kunye" Ileta esendleleni ".

Imibongo kaPablo Neruda

Ngezantsi zintathu izibongo zikaPablo Neruda, le ngqiqo yevesi:

UAngela Adonica

Namhlanje ndizolulele ecaleni komfazi omncinci ococekileyo
njengaselunxwemeni lolwandle olumhlophe,
njengaphakathi kwenkwenkwezi evuthayo
indawo ethe chu.

Ngombono wakhe omde oluhlaza
ukukhanya kwawa njengamanzi owomileyo,
kwizangqa ezinzulu ezibonisa ngaphaya
yamandla amatsha.

Isifuba sakhe sinjengomlilo wamadangatye amabini
itshile kwimimandla emibini iphakanyisiwe,
kwaye kumlambo omibini yafika ezinyaweni zakhe,
inkulu kwaye icacile.

Imozulu yegolide yayingekavuthwa
ubude bokutshintsha komzimba wakhe
ukuyizalisa ngeziqhamo ezisasazekileyo
nomlilo ofihliweyo.

amor

Mfazi, ngendingunyana wakho ukusela
amasi amabele ngathi ngumthombo,
ngokukujonga kwaye uzive usecaleni lam kwaye unawe
ekuhlekeni kwegolide kunye nelizwi lekristale.
Ngokuziva kuwe emithanjeni yam njengoThixo emilanjeni
kwaye akukhonze emathanjeni alusizi othuli kunye nekalika,
kuba ubukho bakho buya kudlula ngaphandle kwentlungu ecaleni kwam
Kwaye baphuma kwisitanza-bahlambuluka kubo bonke ububi-.

Ndingazi njani ukuba ndikuthande kanjani, mfazi, ndingazi njani
ndiyakuthanda, ndikuthanda ngokungathi akekho umntu owaziyo!
Ukufa nangoku
thanda ngokudlulisile.
Kwaye u
thanda ngokudlulisile
nangaphezulu

Ubumelwane ngaphandle kokukhanya

Ngaba imibongo yezinto iyahamba
okanye ubomi bam abunakubuxhamla?
Izolo -ukujonga ngorhatya lokugqibela-
Ndandi sisiqwenga somthi phakathi kwamanxuwa athile.

Iidolophu -sosles kunye nokuziphindezela-,
ingwevu engcolileyo yamadlelo,
iofisi egoba umva,
umphathi wamehlo anamafu.

Igazi elibomvu ezindulini,
igazi ezitratweni nasezikwereni,
intlungu yeentliziyo ezaphukileyo,
Ndiza kubola ngokudikwa ziinyembezi.

Umlambo ugudle idolophu
njengesandla somkhenkce esilinga ebumnyameni:
babe neentloni emanzini alo
ukubona iinkwenkwezi.

Kwaye izindlu ezifihla iminqweno
emva kweefestile eziqaqambileyo,
ngelixa ungaphandle komoya
yiza nodaka oluncinci kwirosi nganye.

Kude ... inkungu yokulibala
-Umsi otshisayo, amanzi aqhekekileyo-,
kunye nentsimi, ibala eliluhlaza!
iinkabi namadoda abilayo.

Kwaye ndilapha, ndahluma phakathi kwamabhodlo,
Ukuluma kuphela lonke usizi,
ngokungathi ukukhala kwakuyimbewu
kwaye ndim kuphela umsele emhlabeni.

UNeruda, usiba olubonisa yonke into

UPablo Neruda wayeyimbongi yendalo iphela kuba wabhala yonke into ekhoyo, kwimibuzo, iimpendulo, ukuqiniseka, ukuxoka, ukungaqondani, ubulungisa, amaxabiso. Kwangokunjalo, akazange ashiye kwindinyana yakhe amava exesha lakhe elidlulileyo, uxinzelelo lwangoku kunye nemibono yekamva lakhe.

Kwakhona Wayecula izizathu, ezopolitiko, indoda, ubuntwana, ixesha lokufikisa, uvuyo kunye nenkohlakalo. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto intle kakhulu kukushiya ngasemva indalo yakhe imifanekiso engenakuchazeka esiqhubeka nokuyifumana nanamhlanje. Yeyona yokugqibela imenza ukuba abe yimbongi engenakwenzeka kwikhathalogu.

Incwadi kaPablo Neruda

Kufuneka kuthethwe ngokukodwa ngeeleta zakhe, Kuzo iileta ezithunyelwe kuthando lobudala bakhe, u-Albertina Azocar, iileta eziya kusapho lwakhe, kumhlobo wakhe uHéctor Eandi kunye neeleta zothando eziya kuMatilde Urrutia. Ngokunxulumene nomntu owayeluthando lokugqibela olukhulu ebomini bakhe, wambhalela ileta yomhla we-21 kuDisemba, 1950 kwaye wathi oku kulandelayo: “Ukuba uyeza, ungathembela kum ukuba uza kuwususa umsindo wam. Ndiyakudinga nyani. Ngoku sukundibhalela ngasese ngakumbi. Ndiphendule ngokubanzi ngobomi bakho nangeeprojekthi zakho ”. Ngokucacileyo, kwaqatshelwa ukuba akasafuni ukuqhubeka nokufihla obu budlelwane kunye neUrutia.

Isla Negra, izibuko layo lokugqibela

Ukongeza kwimisebenzi esele ikhankanyiwe, kunokukhankanywa oku kulandelayo: Twilight, Farewell kunye sobs, I-slinger enomdla, iidiliya kunye nomoya, i-Estravagario, ukuKhangela kunye nokuBuya, iiSonets ezilikhulu zothando, kwaye Isla Negra Memorial. Ngokuphathelele u-Isla Negra, apho amathambo akhe angcwatywayo angcwatyelwe khona, kulapho wabhala khona: "Ndim lo, ndiza kuthi, ndishiye le mbono ibhaliweyo: obu bubomi bam.". Ngokucacileyo, le ngqokelela yemibongo yaqala isigaba sayo sokugqibela kwaye kuxhomekeke kubafundi abanomdla wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ukuqhubeka nokuhlola indalo enkulu yeNerudian.

INeruda kunye nokuphakama kwezinto kunye nezinto

Ngombongo kaPablo Neruda yonke into yathatha intsingiselo entsha, iivesi zekhephu zaphakama, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaphuphuma kwaye iminatha yoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki yathathwa. NgoNeruda, amadoda alula aqhubeka nokuphakama, amehlo athambileyo, amakhaya atshabalalisiweyo, ii-ovari ezinegwele. Yiyo loo nto, kungenakwenziwa ikhathalogu imbongi ebhale phantse kuyo yonke into kwaye esaqhubeka nokubhala ngaphandle kokubhala.