Imibongo ebhalwe nguRosalía de Castro

URosalía de Castro wayengumfazi waseSpain owayeneflegi yokukhusela iingcambu zakhe, Wazalwa ngoFebruwari 24, 1837 eSantiago de Compostela. Umbhali wayenobomi obuhlaselwe ngamathuba abuhlungu; emva kokufumana ubunzima njengokufa kwabantwana bakhe kunye nomama wakhe waphefumlelwa ukuba enze amanye amabali akhe.

Ngexesha le mbongi yaseSpain, ulwimi lwaseGalician lwalugxekiwe, kwakungekho siqulatho semisebenzi eyayiza kufundwa kwaye ababhali babengoyiki ukubhala izicatshulwa besebenzisa olu lwimi. URosalia de Castro ibinguye umntu owayenomsebenzi wokwenza uncwadi lwaseGalician luvele, kwaye indlela yakhe yokuyiphumeza yayingumsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunye namazwi. Umsebenzi wakhe ukhuthaze abaninzi Ababhali beli xesha.

Ubutsha bakhe kunye nenkuthazo

URosalía wayehlala ngaphandle kukayise, kuba wayengumfundisi owagqiba ekubeni angamazi, yiyo loo nto wachitha iminyaka esibhozo yobomi bakhe kwiziko laseGalicia elibizwa ngokuba yiCastro de Ortoño apho kwakuhlala amafama amaninzi. Inkcubeko kunye nezithethe zamaGalikhi zezona zinto zaphembelela imisebenzi kaRosalía de Castro.

Njengomfana osemncinci wafunda izifundo zenkcubeko eLiceo de la Juventud, njengomculo kunye nokuzoba; ngezo ntsuku zazithathwa njengezifanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yentombazana engangaminyaka yakhe. U-Aurelio Aguirre wayeyimbongi eyamazi kwezi ntsuku kwaye ngokwababhali-mbali babenolwalamano olusenyongweni.

Amabali amaninzi kaRosalía aphefumlelwa ngabo bathandwa nguAurelio Aguirre; nangona kunjalo into yokuba babethandana ayiqinisekiswanga. Ngo-1856 wafudukela eMadrid, emva konyaka wapapasha uthotho lwemibongo ebhalwe ngeSpanish ayibhale kwincwadi enye enesihloko Intyatyambo.

Wazinikezela kunina uTeresa de Castro incwadi yemibongo ebizwa Kumama wam, eyapapashwa ngo-1863. Wabhala imibongo esixhenxe apho wabonisa khona ukubandezeleka okukhulu, ukungakwazi ukuzinceda kunye nesithukuthezi awayebuva ngokusweleka kulo mntu ubalulekileyo ebomini bakhe.

umshado

Incwadi yakhe yemibongo Intyatyambo yayikukuthanda kukaManuel Murgía, umbhali uRosalía wadibana naye ngomhlobo. Le ndoda yayijongene no-de Castro eqhubeka nomnqweno wakhe wokubhala, nakula maxesha xa abafazi babengenayo indima ebalulekileyo eluntwini.

Kungekudala uCastro watshata noMurgía. URosalía oselula wayemalunga neeveki ezisibhozo ekhulelwe xa umsitho wakhe womtshato wenzeka ngo-Okthobha 10, 1858.

Emva kwexesha wazalwa intombi yakhe uAlejandra, elandelwa ngu: Aura, Gala kunye no-Ovidio, Amar. UAdriano owasweleka esemtsha ngengozi kunye noValentina owasweleka engekazalwa; Bonke abantwana bakhe bevela kumbutho waseGalicia.

Uninzi lwabameli luyasebenza

Umbhali uqalise kwasekuqaleni ukuyila imisebenzi ebhalwe ngolwimi lwaseGalician, kuba kwakungekho mbali yamabali eGalician. UDe Castro waqalisa into eyayibizwa ngokuba yi Ukuphinda ubuye nencwadi yakhe Iingoma zaseGalician (1863).

Umbhali uRosalía de Castro uqhagamshelene neengoma kunye neengoma zeGalicia. Iingcambu zomhlaba wakhe zaziphambili ekudalweni kwencwadi yakhe yokuqala Iingoma zaseGalician, enemibongo engamashumi amathathu anesithandathu apho ungabona khona uthando, ukusondelelana, isimilo, imixholo yezentlalo nezopolitiko ezijikeleze lo mmandla.

Ngo-1880 wabhala omnye umsebenzi ngesiGalician obizwa ngokuba Utshiza i-novas, yeyesibini ebhalwe kolu lwimi. URosalía wavelisa le mibongo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-XNUMX nasekuqaleni koo-XNUMX. Yayilibali elalichaza ukuphathwa gadalala kwabasetyhini, iintsana ezilahliweyo kunye nabahlali; Umfazi ononcwadi wathi kulo msebenzi akazukuphinda abhale ngesiGalician.

Kwiibhanki zeSar Yapapashwa ngo-1886Yayiyimveliso yokugqibela yombhali kwaye yayiyincwadi enemibongo engaphezu kwekhulu ethi ngendlela efanayo inxibelelane nenjongo enye. Kule ncwadi uRosalía waveza amava akhe, kwaye ezi zazizele kukuncamathela emadodeni, usizi, umnqweno, ukuphoxeka kunye nothando ngoThixo.

Ezo zibhalo zamkhulisa ukukhula kwakhe njengomntu kunye nombhali, evumela ukuba athathwe njenge omnye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yothando lwaseSpain. URosalía wagula ngumhlaza wesibeleko kwaye wasweleka ngoJulayi 15, 1885 ePadrón, eSpain, eshiya ilifa lenkcubeko kwilizwe liphela.

Imibongo ebhalwe nguRosalía de Castro

Nazi iziqwengana zemisebenzi ebalaseleyo yemibongo kaRosalía de Castro (ebhalwe ngeSpanish kwaye yaguqulelwa kuye):

ICantares Gallegos (uguqulo)

Sala kakuhle, imilambo; salani kakuhle, mithombo yolwazi;

Sala kakuhle imilambo emincinci;

sala, ukubona kwamehlo am,

Andazi ukuba siza kubona nini

Umhlaba wam, mhlaba wam,

umhlaba endakhulela kuwo,

igadi encinci endiyithandayo kakhulu

imikhiwane endayityalayo.

IPadros, imilambo, iashera,

iipineyves ezihambisa umoya,

ukuntyiloza kweentaka,

izindlu ezincinci zomxholo wam ...

Ungandilibali, Owu sithandwa,

ukuba ndiyafa ndedwa ...

Iilwimi ezininzi kangaka elwandle ...

Sala kakuhle indlu yam!

Iifollas novas (uguqulelo)

Njengamafu kwindawo engenamda

Iibhola ezirhuqayo!

Eminye imhlophe,

abanye bamnyama;

amanye, amahobe athambileyo abonakala kum,

badubula abanye

kukhazimla ...

Imimoya echaseneyo ivuthela ukuphakama

sele kuphelisiwe,

bazithatha ngaphandle komyalelo okanye ubulumko,

Andazi nokuba kuphi

Andazi nokuba kutheni.

Banxiba zona, ezineminyaka

amaphupha ethu

kunye nethemba lethu.

Kwiibhanki zeSar

Ngokusebenzisa amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza

ukuva oko kushiya amarhe angaqhelekanga,

naphakathi kolwandle oluhambisa amanzi

imifuno,

ukuthanda indlu yentaka,

kwiifestile zam ndiyabona

itempile ebendisoloko ndiyifuna kakhulu.

Itempile endandiyifuna kakhulu ...

Ewe, andazi ukuba ndingathini ukuba ndiyamthanda

ukuba ubuqhetseba bujikeleze ngaphandle kwesivumelwano

iingcinga zam ziyaphazamiseka,

Andithandabuzi ukuba inzondo

uhlala emanyene nothando esifubeni sam.

Rexurdimiento yoonobumba beGalicia

Reexurdimiento Kwakulinqanaba apho inkcubeko kunye neeleta zeGalicia zazifumana kwakhona ukubaluleka kwazo eSpeyin, kwaye uRosalía de Castro wayengumfazi onguvulindlela walo mbutho.

Inxalenye ye ukomelela komsebenzi kaRosalía kulele ekumeleni ngaphezu kwayo yonke into echaza abantu baseGalicia,

Iminyaka ihambile kungekho msebenzi uveliswayo eGalician, ke emva kukaRosalía abanye ababhali abaninzi babhala amabali ngolu lwimi. Umdlalo Iingoma zaseGalician yaqala le ntshukumo kwaye yahlala ezintliziyweni zabemi baseGalicia, njengoko bade bathatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni kweminye imibongo kunye.

Iimbono ezibekwe ngoorhulumente baseSpain ngelo xesha zazingakuhoyi kwaphela ukubaluleka koluntu lwaseGalicia, ukuze ngokuhamba kweminyaka amalungu alo acalulwe. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufika komsebenzi kaRosalía de Castro, yonke imbono yeGalicia yatshintsha.