Homer bust kwiiMyuziyam zaseCapitoline. Umzobo kaHenry James Draper, I-Ulysses kunye neentsimbi.
Kwakuyinyanga yokugqibela ye julio en Olimpia (Grisi). Ndifumene ipleyiti yodongwe, yomhla wamaxesha aseRoma, egcina Iivesi ezili-13 ezintsha ze I-Odisea ukusuka kuHomer, Ngokukodwa incoko ka-Odysseus (i-Ulysses kwinguqulelo yayo yesiLatin) kunye no-Eumeo, isicaka sakhe kunye nomhlambi weehagu. Ngeli thuba lokufumanisa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubaluleke kakhulu kwixabiso layo lezinto zakudala, ezembali kunye noncwadi, ndijonga kancinci omnye weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yoncwadi ayisiyodidi kuphela kodwa yeyendalo iphela.
Ukufunyanwa
Ukufunyanwa kweli cwecwe lodongwe kwenzeke ngaphakathi kwesakhelo seprojekthi yophando ebizwa Indawo ebanzi yeOlimpia, ejikeleze Ingcwele kaZeyus. Abaphathi be-Elide Antiquities Ephorate basebenze, ngokusebenzisana kwe-Archaeological Institute yaseJamani. Kule ndawo, kunye namathambo exesha lamaRoma, eli litye lafunyanwa linombhalo okroliweyo kwisiGrike othi, emva kohlalutyo, igcina iivesi ezili-13 ze I-Odisea kaHomer. Baye bathetha umhla ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD
Homer nezinto zakhe
Ezo sizifundileyo kwi-BUP yakudala iileta ezimsulwa kwaye sasinabantu abaphantsi IsiLatin nesiGrike simazi kakuhle uHomer. Sifunde isiGrike esiqhelekileyo (ubuncinci ubuncinci) kunye naye kunye naye Achilles, Hector, Paris, Helena, Priam, Odysseus, Telemachus, Penelope, Circe okanye Charybdis.
Kwakukho abanye bethu ababeqhubeka ngesiGrike kwizifundo ezizezinye eyunivesithi, ke ngoko saba ngumhlobo wabo bonke abantu. Kodwa eImvelaphi yombhali wayo ocingelwayo, uHomer, uhlala ebumnyameni bokwenyani kunye neentsomi, Njengemisebenzi yakhe, i Iliad kunye I-Odisea. Ndihlala ndihlala nale yokugqibela. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba ndiyifumene yonwabisa ngakumbi kuneemfazwe zeTrojan okanye ngenxa yokuba Ixesha ledanaos et dona ferentes de la Uncedo UVirgilio, owayeguqulela kwisiLatin ngaxeshanye nala aorist wase-Greek wala, wandikrwitsha okokuqala.
Kodwa ndiyaxoka. Abafundi beminyaka yobudala sinendlela yokuqala yokuya kuloo nto I-Odisea kuloo nto Iindonga ze-Ulysses 31 de i kathathu AmaJapan, axubana kamnandi nexesha elidlulileyo leentsomi zamaGrike kunye noncwadi kunye nekamva elikude lee-spaceships kunye nehlabathi zegalactic.
Emva kwexesha kubekho ezinye iinguqulelo, ikhathuni, okanye mhlawumbi ezaziwa kakhulu le nguqulo, ka-1997, ngubani odlala phambili U-Armand Assante, uGreta Scacchi, u-Isabella Rossellini kunye noJeroen Krabbe, phakathi kwabanye. Kwaye abafundi bezizukulwana ezincinci banesalathiso esisondeleyo kwifayile ye- Iliad (nangona iyimpucuko) kwi UTroy, ifilimu ka-2004, ekhokelwa ngu UWolfgang Petersen nangobuso be UBrad Pitt, u-Eric Bana, uSean Bean kunye no-Orlando Bloom phakathi kweetoliki zayo. Kodwa zininzi kakhulu.
I-odyssey
Kukholelwa ukuba yabhalwa kwifayile ye- Inkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC C. Ngolwakhiwo kwi 24 iingoma, iqala embindini webali, ibalisa ngeziganeko ezidlulileyo ngeememori okanye iincoko zika-Odysseus ngokwakhe. Yahlulwe kathathu. Kwi I-Telemachia (iingoma ukusuka ku-I kuye ku-IV) zichaza imeko ye-Ithaca ngokungabikho kokumkani wayo, ukubandezeleka kwe Telemachus (unyana ka-Odysseus) kunye UPenelope (umfazi wakhe) ngenxa yabasukeli, kwaye lo mfana uluqala njani uhambo eyokhangela utata wakhe.
En ukubuya kwe-odysseus (Iingoma V ukuya kwiXII) U-Odysseus ufika kwinkundla kakumkani Unobungozi Apho ebalisa onke amava akhe ukusukela oko wemkayo eTroy. Okokugqibela, kwi Impindezelo ka-Odysseus (iingoma ezivela kwiXIII ukuya kwiXXIV), i Buyela eIthaca, ukwamkelwa ngamanye amakhoboka akhe nonyana wakhe, kunye nendlela uOdysseus aziphindezela ngayo kubafana ngokubabulala bonke. Emva kwexesha u-Odysseus waziwa ngumfazi wakhe kwaye wabuphinda ubukumkani bakhe. Ekugqibeleni, uxolo lusayinwe phakathi kwabo bonke abantu base-Itaca.
Iziqwenga
- «Ndixelele, oh Muse, ngendoda enobuchule obuninzi eyathi, emva kokutshabalalisa isixeko esingcwele saseTroy, yaya kuhambo olude ixesha elide kakhulu, yabona iidolophu kwaye yafunda ngamasiko amadoda amaninzi kwaye yafumana ubunzima obukhulu imisebenzi ekuhambeni kwakhe kwinqanaba, nje ukuba azame ukugcina ubomi bakhe kunye nokubuya kwamaqabane akhe kwilizwe. Kodwa nangona kunjalo ebengenakubakhulula, njengoko ebenqwenela, kwaye bonke batshabalala ngenxa yeempazamo zabo, izidenge! Batya iinkomo zelanga, nyana kaHyperion; engazange ivumele ukuba usuku lokubuya lufike. Yithixokazi ntombi kaZeyus, sixelele nokuba yinxalenye nje yezinto ezinjalo. "
- «Kwaye oothixo bakunika yonke into esentliziyweni yakho oyilangazelelayo: umyeni, usapho kunye nemvisiswano eyonwabileyo, kuba akukho nto ilunge ngakumbi okanye eluncedo ngakumbi kunaleyo indoda nenkosikazi bayilawula indlu yabo ngomoya ofanelekileyo, ovelisa intlungu enkulu kwiintshaba zabo kunye novuyo kwabo babathandayo, kwaye ngabo abanoxabiso kakhulu ngezibonelelo zabo. "
- "Bambalwa abantwana abafana nabazali babo, uninzi luphuma lubi, kwaye abanye kuphela bayabadlula."
- Ukufa yinto eza kubo bonke abantu ngokulinganayo. Nokuba oothixo abakwazi ukuyiphepha le ndoda bayithandayo, xa intshabalalo yokufa ikufikile. "
- «Oothixo ababoneleli ngobabalo nangayiphi na indlela emadodeni, nokuba ngesiqu okanye kubukrelekrele okanye ubuciko, kodwa kukho uhlobo lomntu, oluneziphiwo ezincinci kubuhle ... kodwa oothixo babeke ubuhle kumagama abo, kwaye bajonge kuye uzele luvuyo, kwaye uthetha nabo ngaphandle kokuthandabuza ukufumana ukuthozama, kwaye uyakhanya phakathi kwabo bahlanganiseneyo, kwaye abantu bambona njengothixo xa ehamba esixekweni. "
- «Uya kuba ngowokuqala ukuya kwiialarm, ezinomtsalane kulo lonke uluntu kunye nawuphina umntu owela indlela yakhe, kwaye le ndoda ithi ngokungathandabuzekiyo isondele kwaye ive ingoma yeialilini ayinalo ithuba lokubuyela ekhaya kwaye wonwabele Umfazi nabantwana abamlindileyo, kuba kukhala imiqobo yengoma yabo.
Umthombo: kwiSizwe seJografi.