Iinxalenye zencwadi

Kuyamangalisa ukuba umfundi ayeke ukuhlalutya onke amalungu encwadi. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu zoyilo loovimba uxabisekileyo aziqwalaselwa., kuba umxholo wayo uthathwa njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo. Ukuphelisa oku kuxabisa, ekwakhiweni kwencwadi sifumana izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, esingafanele sizityeshele.

Incwadi iyeyona nto ibonakalisayo kuphuhliso lwempucuko yoluntu. Inokuhlulwa, enyanisweni, njengomkhombe okhusela ulwazi lwabantu. Okwangoku, abafundi banazo zombini iincwadi eziprintiweyo nezidijithali. Ezi zokugqibela zahlukile kwiinguqulelo zazo ezibonakalayo kuphela ngokwakhiwa kwazo kwangaphandle, nangona kunjalo, ziyangqinelana nezinto zangaphakathi. Indlela esenziwe ngayo esi sibonelelo iya kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha apha ngezantsi:

Iindawo zencwadi

Okokuqala, kufuneka sicacise ukuba -ngokuya kwi-UNESCO- Ukuze incwadi ithathelwe ingqalelo enjalo, kufuneka okungenani ibenamaphepha angama-49. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba eli nani lisezantsi, lidwelisiwe njengencwadana. Emva kokucacisa le ngongoma, incwadi yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini aphambili: ngaphandle nangaphakathi.

Ubume bangaphandle bencwadi

Yenziwe ngawo onke la malungu owona msebenzi wawo uphambili kukukhusela amaphepha encwadi. Phakathi kwabo sine:

Ibhatyi yothuli

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "shirt" okanye "iyonke". Sisiqwenga sephepha (esiqhele ukuqaqamba) esinobude obufanayo nencwadi esebenza njengelining.

Uqweqwe

Inxalenye yangaphandle ekhusela incwadi. Ihlala yenziwe ngezinto ezishinyeneyo ezifana nekhadibhodi, isikhumba okanye iplastiki. Kuyo sifumana isihloko sencwadi, umbhali kunye nemifanekiso ethile ukuze siyenze yahluke ngakumbi kwaye kwangaxeshanye ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kubafundi. Isigqubuthelo esingasemva kubhekiswa kuso njengesiciko esingasemva

Gcina

Abalindi ngala maphepha asongiweyo adibanisa ikhava kunye neqweqwe elingasemva nangaphakathi kwincwadi. Ezi zingenanto okanye ziyilo oluthile. Umsebenzi wayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, wokuhombisa. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokugcinwa kwiphepha elixineneyo kunelamaphepha encwadi.

Iilaptops

Zizo ezo iithebhu ezongezelelweyo ezinokuba yinxalenye yebhatyi yothuli okanye ikhava. Kuzo uya kufumana-kwiimeko ezininzi-i-biografi yombhali okanye isishwankathelo sencwadi. Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukwahlula abanye abafundi.

Khawuleza

Kulapho aqhotyoshelwe khona onke amaphepha encwadi. Kuxhomekeke kwinani lamashiti, anokuza edityaniswe, ancanyathiselwe okanye athungelwe kuwo. Emqolo sifumana idatha efana nale:

• Isihloko sencwadi.
• Igama lombhali.
• Isitampu somshicileli.
• Inombolo yokuqokelela.

Eli candelo liyimfuneko, ngakumbi kumathala eencwadi, kuba iququzelela indawo ekuyo incwadi.

Ubume bangaphakathi bencwadi

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yithumbu, yinxalenye enamagqabi encwadi. Oku kubandakanya amacandelo amathathu aphambili, angala:

Iphepha lokuqala okanye lokuqala

Ziseti zamaphepha andulela umzimba ophambili. Phakathi kwabo sine:

Uqweqwe

Ikwabizwa ngokuba "sisimbozo sobuxoki" okanye "isiciko sangaphambili" Ibekwe phambi kwekhava kwaye likhasi lokuqala elinesihloko sencwadi kunye negama lombhali (eshwankathelwe).

Uqweqwe olungasemva

Ingumva okanye ivesi yephepha lesihloko, elijongene nephepha lesihloko. Kuyo sinokufumana isishwankathelo esifutshane somsebenzi kunye nezibakala ezinomdla ezinje ngokuqokelelwa. Kukwaziwa nangamagama anje:

• Isimbozo esingaphambili.
• Isimbozo esingaphambili.
• Ngaphambili.
• Ikhava enemifanekiso.

Ngaphambili okanye kwiFacade

Oku, ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuqwalaselwa njengephepha lokuqala lencwadi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nangona ingadweliswanga. Inesihloko esipheleleyo somsebenzi negama lombhali, kunye nedatha efana nale:

• Umhla wopapasho.
• Ingqokelela yokuhlela.
• Phawula.

Ikhredithi iphepha

Ikwabizwa ngokuba liphepha elisemthethweni. Siyifumana emva nje kwekhava kwaye iqulethe yonke idatha malunga nomnini welungelo lokushicilela, i-ISBN kunye nedipozithi esemthethweni. Ukongeza, kufuneka iqulethe idatha efana negama lenkampani kunye nedilesi yenkampani yokupapasha kunye nonyaka wokupapashwa komcimbi.

Ukunikezela

Yiphepha apho sinokufumana khona amagama ombhali enikezela umsebenzi wakhe kumntu omnye okanye ngaphezulu.

I-Epigraph

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "motto", liphepha elicaphula isicatshulwa ngumbhali owahlukileyo kunalowo usayine incwadi. Oku kunokugcina ulwazi malunga nento ephefumlele umbhali okanye umxholo oqhelekileyo ngomxholo.

Intshayelelo okanye intshayelelo

Umbhali unika isishwankathelo sokuba incwadi ingantoni kwaye umfundi uza kufumana ntoni kuyo.

Intshayelelo

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yingabula-zigcawu. Eli phepha iqulethe ntetho umxholo. Ibekwe kumaphepha okuqala encwadi kwaye inokubhalwa ngumbhali okanye yingcali emsebenzini.

Index

Inokufumaneka kumaphepha angaphambili okanye angasemva encwadi. La maqela umxholo womsebenzi ocwangciswe ngezahluko ngohlobo lwesishwankathelo. Kubalulekile ukufumana naluphi na ulwazi oluthile. Ngamanye amaxesha singayifumana phantsi kwegama elithi "isishwankathelo" okanye "itafile yemixholo".

Lists

Inolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nezifinyezo, iitshathi okanye iitafile ezinokunceda ukuhlanganisa incwadi.

Umzimba ophambili

Yeyona block inelona nani likhulu lamaphepha, kuba iqulethe umxholo wencwadi. Ngaphandle komzimba ophambili, incwadi ayinakubakho. Amanye amalungu ayongeza kuyo. Inokwahlulahlulwa ibe lelinye:

• Izahluko
• Amacandelo
• Izifundo.

Amaphepha okugqibela

Ezi zifumaneka emva komzimba ophambili. Njengoko igama labo lichaza, bafumaneka ekupheleni kwencwadi. Phakathi kwezi, sine:

Uluhlu

Eli candelo lenza ukuphindwaphindwa kwawo wonke umxholo womsebenzi. Kwelinye icala, ikwasoloko isombulula iziza ezingagqitywanga kwaye inike isigqibo esifanelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Eli candelo lenza isishwankathelo somsebenzi ngokubanzi.

Isihlomelo okanye izihlomelo

Inolwazi oluncedisayo malunga nomsebenzi. Inezinto ezingabalulekanga kangako ezinokusinceda siqonde iindinyana ezithile.

IBhayibhile

Kule nxalenye, naluphi na uhlobo lomthombo apho umbhali anokuxhaswa khona lukhankanyiwe. Ukufezekiswa komsebenzi.

Amanqaku

Ngamanye amaxesha sifumana amanqaku ekupheleni kwencwadi, nangona ezi zinokuba sezantsi ephepheni.

Iiglosari

Kule nxalenye sifumana amagama athile anentsingiselo yawo ukukunceda uqonde umsebenzi ngokucacileyo.

I-Biography

Ibandakanya iinkcukacha zomkhondo wonke wombhali. Singayifumana ekupheleni kwencwadi okanye kwi-flap.

IColophon

Inedatha yoshicilelo lwencwadi kunye nomhla wencwadi. Siphantse siyifumana kwiphepha lokugqibela.