Iziqendu ezilandelanayo

Iziqendu ezilandelanayo.

Iziqendu ezilandelanayo.

Siyayiqonda ngokweziganeko ezilandisayo, ngokwengcinga yazo esisiseko, kwiqela ngalinye elenza izicatshulwa ezibalisayo. Ezi zokugqibela zenzelwe ukubalisa ibali (ngesiseko sokwenyani okanye hayi) ngenjongo yokudlala (ukonwabisa). Kwimbali, abalinganiswa-abaqhelekileyo bangaphandle kumbhali- banqunyulwe kwindawo ethile kunye nexesha.

Kwizigaba zembali sinokufumana iintlobo ezimbini: ezoncwadi kunye nezingezizo ezoncwadi. Phakathi kwezicatshulwa ezilandelwayo ezinoncwadi esinalo ibali, inoveli, ibali, ibali elincinci, ilivo, intsomi kunye nentsomi. Ezi zilayishwe ngumsebenzi obizwa ngokuba yimbongi, nto leyo ingeyiyo enye into engaphaya komthombo ovumela ukunika amandla kumyalezo okhutshiweyo. Ngokubhekisele kwizicatshulwa ezibalaselwayo ezingezizo ezoncwadi, zezabo ngokwendalo. Sinokufumana phakathi kwabo iileta, amaphephandaba, ii-imeyile.

Ibali

Ingxelo emfutshane yeziganeko eziyintsomi apho inani elincinci labalinganiswa lithatha inxaxheba ngaphakathi kwesiqwenga ekulula ukusiqonda.. Ke ngoko, ukukhula kwebali kunesakhiwo esilula nesicwangcisiweyo. Zimbini iintlobo zamabali:

Iintsomi okanye iintsomi

Umbhali ongaziwayo, uhanjiswe ngesiko lomlomo (ikakhulu) kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Kwelinye icala, kuxhomekeke kumxholo, iintsomi zinokuba:

  • Kwizilwanyana
  • Ngomlingo
  • IiComics okanye ii-anecdotes
  • Iinoveli
  • Ezenkolo

Iincwadi zoncwadi

Umbhali owaziwayo kwaye upapashwe kwifom ebhaliweyo. Phakathi kokukhutshelwa kwale subgenre, ezinye izihloko zababhali abakhulu beLatin American zibonakala. Banokuthiywa ngegama: "Umkhondo wegazi lakho kwikhephu", nguGabriel García Márquez; "El Aleph", nguJorge Luis Borges; "A la deriva", nguHoracio Quiroga; "Axolotl", ebhalwe nguJulio Cortázar.

Ibinzana nguJorge Luis Borges.

Ibinzana nguJorge Luis Borges.

Ibali elichasene neKrisimesi

Ibali elichasene neKrisimesi litshintsha amaxabiso emveli eKrisimesi kwibali elilayishwe yintsimbi, uburharha obumnyama kunye neziganeko ezoyikisayo. Ngokwesiqhelo umbalisi usebenzisa umntu omnye ukucacisa iziganeko. Ezi mpawu zibalisayo zibonakala kwi "Les Foufs" ngumbhali waseCanada uYvan Bienvenue.

Ibali

Ingxelo emfutshane enesakhiwo esingavisisaniyo (inentetho enye okanye ezingaphezulu), esilela ekumiselweni kwebali ngokusemthethweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, amabali ayimveliso yokuphefumlelwa okomzuzwana okanye injongo yokugqibela, apho iinyani zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo. Nanga amanye amabali aziwayo aseMelika aseSpain:

  • "Umntu uza kuphupha", nguJorge Luis Borges.
  • "Amor 77", nguJulio Cortázar.
  • "UDuelo", nguAlfonso Reyes.
  • "Ukudibanisa", nguRubén Darío.
  • "Idrama yabangakholwanga", nguGabriel García Márquez.

Ibali elincinci

Ikwabizwa ngokuba libali elincinci, Isicatshulwa esibhalwe ngeprose emfutshane kakhulu enengxoxo eyintsomi, eyakhiwe ngolwimi oluchanekileyo nolungqingqwa. Kwangokunjalo, i-ellipsis ihlala isetyenziswa kwibali elincinci njengesixhobo esithandayo sokumangalisa umfundi.

Inoveli

Ingxelo eyandisiweyo yeziganeko zendalo ezicingelwayo, eziphantse zihlala zibandakanya ingxoxo kunye nesisombululo. Iinoveli ngokubanzi zinamagama angama-XNUMX amawaka ubuncinci abhalwe kwiprozi. Ngoku, phakathi kwemihlathi kusenokubakho imibongo xa ibali lisivuma. Ngokunjalo, ubunzulu babalinganiswa bukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobo bebali okanye ibali.

Iimpawu eziphambili zenoveli

Inoveli emnandi:

Kuzo abalinganiswa abaphambili zizinto ezingeyonyani kwaye isenzo senzeka kwihlabathi elithelekelelwayo okanye iphela. Ngale ndlela, i-sagas iyathanda INkosi yamasongo de JRR Tolkien y Ingoma yomlilo kunye neqhwa UGeorge RR Martin zezona zinezihloko ezaziwa kakhulu zefantasy ngalo lonke ixesha. Oku kubonakalisa ukunyuka okukhulu kwale subgenre kumaxesha exesha langoku.

Inoveli yefilosofi:

Lubonakaliswa yingxoxo yethisisi ephakanyiswe ngumbhali (Inokunxulumana nemeko ethile, uhlalutyo lokuziphatha komlinganiswa okanye malunga nomsitho). Emva koko, umbhali omnye ubhengeza into echaseneyo kwaye uqukumbela ngokudibanisa okuvela kolo ngqubano lweembono. Ezimbini zeencwadi ezaziwayo ngaphakathi kolu luhlu zezi Yiloo nto wathetha iZarathustra (1883) nguFriedrich Nietzsche kunye I sizathu (Ngo-1938), nguJean-Paul Sartre.

Inoveli yomcuphi:

Njengoko igama lisitsho, Kolu hlobo lwenoveli umlinganiswa ophambili uqhele ukuba lipolisa okanye umcuphi ojolise ekusombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuphathelene noku, i-CWA (Umbutho wababhali bolwaphulo-mthetho) ithathela ingqalelo ukuba ezi-3 eziphezulu zale nxalenye yenziwa: Intombi yexesha (1951), nguJosephine Tey; Iphupha elikhulu (Ngo-1939) nguRaymond Chandler; Y Intlola eyavela kubanda (Ngo-1963), nguJohn le Carré.

Inoveli yezengqondo:

Kafka elunxwemeni.

Kafka elunxwemeni.

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Kafka elunxwemeni

Inye ibonakaliswa yingxelo egxile kwiingcinga okanye kwihlabathi elingaphakathi lomnye wabalinganiswa. Esinye sezihloko zamva nje kunye nezibalaseleyo kule subgenre yile Kafka elunxwemeni (2002), nguHaruki Murakami.

Inoveli eyiyo:

Ngaphandle kokubonisa abalinganiswa abenziwe ngumbhali, Luhlobo lwenoveli eneenkcukacha zophuhliso ezineziganeko ezinokwenzeka okanye ezinokwenzeka kubomi bokwenyani.

Inoveli epinki:

Ngabo umxholo wabo ophambili luthando. Enye yeenoveli ezidumileyo ze-rose ngalo lonke ixesha- kwaye ikwazile ukulungelelanisa ngempumelelo kwiscreen esikhulu- kunjalo Ikratshi nomkhethe (1813), nguJane Austen.

Ezinye iintlobo zeenoveli ezikhethekileyo ngexesha, umbhali okanye inkolo

I-nívola:

UMiguel de Unamuno.

UMiguel de Unamuno.

Luhlobo lwenoveli eyilwe ngumbhali waseSpain UMiguel de Unamuno, Ocacise amabali abanzi apho isenzo sigqitha kwelona monologues linqabileyo kubalinganiswa abaphambili. Nkqu nakumantyi Inkungu (Ngo-1914), umbhali waseBasque wabonisa iingcinga zenja.

Inoveli yamaMoor:

Olu hlobo lwenoveli luvele ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yahlulwe yiprocessistic-themed narrative prose kunye nabalinganiswa bayo abangamaSilamsi. Banika imizekelo yokuhlalisana ngoxolo phakathi kwamaMoor namaKristu.

Inoveli yePolyphonic:

Eli gama laqulunqwa sisithandi sobulumko saseRussia kunye nomgxeki wezoncwadi uMikhail Bakhtin kuphononongo olunesihloko Iingxaki Poetics Dostoevsky (1936). Le ncwadi iphakamisa isidingo soluhlobo olutsha lwenoveli, apho kukho ukungqubana kwezivakalisi phakathi kweembono ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi okanye iinjongo eziqulathwe ngabalinganiswa abohlukeneyo.

Ezinye iintlobo zinoveli

  • Imfazwe.
  • IByzantine.
  • Ngokufanelekileyo.
  • Inkundla.
  • Ithisisi.
  • Picaresque.
  • Ukuhlalisa.

Intsomi

Luhlobo lokubalisa — phantse lonke luhlobo lomlomo— apho Iziganeko ezingaphezu kwendalo ziphathwa ngokungathi zenzekile. Ke ngoko, injongo yeenkcazo (kukuzama) ukufumana inkcazo enobungqina besiganeko esingaqondakaliyo okanye esingenangqondo.

IMito

Libali elinenkwenkwezi enye okanye ngaphezulu kwamagorha avela kwiinkcubeko eziphambili (isiGrike, isiRoma, isiJiphutha, uMaya ...). Ngokufanelekileyo, amalungu ebali ngoothixo, oothixo okanye izithixo ezineengxelo ze-epic ezidluliselwe ngomlomo. Umzekelo: intsomi yokuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite (intsomi yamaGrike) okanye ibali lee-Aluxes (intsomi yamaMaya).

Intsomi

Ingxelo kwiprose (inokuba nakwivesi) eneenkwenkwezi zezilwanyana ezibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lokuziphatha komntu. Phi eyona njongo kukushiya isifundo sokuziphatha okanye sokugqibela. Ngesi sizathu, iintsomi zihlala zisetyenziswa njengenxalenye yamabali abantwana. Umzekelo: intsomi yomvundla kunye nofudo.

Izicatshulwa ezilandelelanayo ezingezizo ezoncwadi

Imibhalo yobuntatheli

Ngokuqinisekileyo, isicatshulwa sobuntatheli kufuneka sibonise ngokungqongqo iinkcukacha ezinxulumene nesiganeko sokwenyani. Ke ngoko, Ulwimi kufuneka lucace kwaye lube mfutshane, ukulungiselela ukuqondwa komfundi. Kwangokunjalo-ngaphandle kokuba sisiqwengana-nembono yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Iitekisi ezizezakho

Ezi ziimbali ezibalaseleyo, ezinesimo esiphakamileyo seemvakalelo kumbalisi webali. Babonakala ngokunika ingxelo ngeziganeko ezithembekileyo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.