Uthathwa njengo "King of Terror", uStephen King (Portland, Maine, 1947) ngomnye wababhali abaphambili abathengisayo benkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Kunye zingaphezulu kwe-350 leencwadi ezithengisiweyo, umbhali weCarrie okanye ethi The Shining unobomi obubi kanye njengobo bamanoveli amenze ukuba abe luphawu loncwadi lwanamhlanje. Sihamba ngenqanawa kwi UStephen King ngobomi kunye neencwadi ezilungileyo.
UStephen King Biography
Uzalelwe kusapho oluphawulwe ngokushiywa nguyise xa wayeneminyaka emibini kuphela ubudala, uStephen King wakhula kunye nomntakwabo uDavid kunye nonina uRuth eMaine, eIndiana okanye eConnecticut. Imeko yosapho, eyayinengxaki enkulu yemali, yaba sisimo esifanelekileyo somntwana ongazinzanga Waqala ukubhala amabali esemncinci kwaye kamva wawathengisa njengamabali kwabo wayefunda nabo. Umsebenzi ongakhange ujongwe kakuhle ngootitshala abathile ababemnyanzela ukuba abuyise imali awayeyifumene.
Utshintsho lukaKing oselula kuncwadi olothusayo lwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-13, xa wafumanisa ibhokisi yeenoveli ezoyikisayo ezazizeziyise. Ukusukela ngoko ke waqala ukubhala amabali ahlukeneyo amafutshane esayensi awathumela kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi loshicilelo lwaphetha luyala imibhalo yakhe de Kwisiqingatha seHlabathi soBugorha, epapashwe kwiphephancwadi leComics Review, ikhathuni yakhe yokuqala yakhutshwa lupapasho olusemthethweni ngo-1965.
Kunyaka kamva, waqala ngokufunda ubuGcisa ngesiNgesi kwiDyunivesithi yaseMaine ngelixa esenza imisebenzi yesingxungxo ukubhatalela izifundo zakhe kunye nokunceda umama wakhe ngemali. Amabali ahlukeneyo avela kule minyaka, anje ngeCrusher okanye iCursed Highway.
Ngo-1971, unyaka awathi wakwazi ukuphumelela ngawo, umbhali watshata umbhali uThabitha King, awadibana naye eYunivesithi. Ukudibana kwexesha elizayo ucinga ukuba nguThabitha ngubani wahlangulwa enkunkumeni umsebenzi owawulahlwe ngumyeni wakhe ogama linguCarrie ukukhuthaza ukuba ugqibe. UKumkani akazange abone kwangaphambili ukuba emva kokungenisa lo mbhalo-ngqangi kumpapashi waseDoubleday wayeza kufumana incwadi yokupapashwa ehlawulwa nge- $ 2.500 kwangaphambili. Inani elonyuke laya kwi-400.000 yeedola kuthengiso lwamalungelo kwinoveli.
Impumelelo kaKumkani ephezulu ihambelane nayo iingxaki zakhe ezininzi ngotywala neziyobisi, iziyobisi eziboniswe ngabalinganiswa abanjengoJack Torrance, umbhali ophambili we -Shining (1977). Ngethamsanqa, umbhali uthathe isigqibo sokucoca ngokupheleleyo ngee-80s.
Ngemisebenzi enje ngemfihlakalo yokulahleka kukaSalem (ngo-1975), uMdaniso wokuFa (1978), uMmandla oFileyo (1979), uCujo (1981), Amangcwaba ezilwanyana (1983), It (1986) okanye iMbandezelo (1987), uStephen UKumkani angaziqhayisa ngomnye wemisebenzi yamandla kakhulu kwisizukulwana sakhe, kuba ukongeza kwintengiso yezigidi zeenoveli zakhe, uninzi lwazo UCarrie, u-Shining, usizi, ukuvalelwa ubomi ejele okanye okwangoku kuye kwaba yimveliso yeefilimu ezinamabhongo.
Umsebenzi omninzi oye wancitshiswa xa, ngehlobo lowe-1999, uKing watshayiswa yimoto kwaye wenza imisebenzi engaphezu kweshumi. Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni acothise ukubhalwa kwemisebenzi yakhe kwaye adibanise umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali oyintsomi kunye nekholamu yakhe kwiZolonwabo ngeVeki okanye iiprojekthi ezinje ngokubhala i-comic esekwe kwi-saga yakhe edumileyo I-Dark Tower.
Enye ye ababhali ababalaseleyo bohlobo oloyikisayo amandla abo aqinisekiswa zezi zihloko zilandelayo.
Iincwadi ezilungileyo zikaStephen King
noCarrie
Nangona ingathathelwa ngqalelo njenge owona msebenzi ungcono kaStephen King, uphawu lwe noCarrie iya ngaphaya komlingiswa wayo njengomdlalo wokuqala okanye ukuziqhelanisa nescreen esikhulu esatshayela ngonyaka we-1976. Libali apho uxinzelelo luqhubela phambili kwi-crescendo Inentombazana encinci, ebonakala ngathi ineentloni kwaye ingqumbo yayo engalawulekiyo ibonisa uhanahaniso loluntu olonakeleyo.
Apocalypse
Intsomi kaKumkani ethengisa kakhulu yakhululwa ngo-1978 ukuba ihlonishwe ngokubalulekileyo kunye nomthengisi othengisa kakhulu. Ukusekwa ngo-1990 kwaye kwahlulahlulwa kwangamacandelo amathathu, inoveli isixelela ngeziphumo zentsholongwane ekhulelweyo njengesixhobo se-bacteriological esigcina sisasazeke kwihlabathi liphela. Abalinganiswa beli yelenqe banamaphupha aqhelekileyo apho kubonakala khona umfana kunye nexhegokazi elibakhuthaza ukuba bahambe baye eNebraska ukuyokulwa into eyenyanyekayo emva kwako konke oku. Apocalypse.
Ukukhanya
Enye ye eyona idumileyo imisebenzi kaStephen King ibeka omnye wabalinganiswa bayo ababalaseleyo: UJack Torrance, umbhali otywala othatha isigqibo sokuhamba kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nonyana wakhe eOverlock Hotel ukuze bamgade ngexesha lasebusika. Indawo yokuhlala enexesha elidlulileyo eliquka iindawo zomhlaba kunye neziganeko eziza kuguqula ukuhambelana kwale ntsapho ingalunganga. Incwadi, eyapapashwa ngo-1977, Yatshintshelwa kwifilimu nguStanley Kubrick ngo-1980 edlala uJack Nicholson. Ngaphandle kokuphononongwa okuhle kwifilimu, uKing wayengonelisekanga kwaphela lulungelelwaniso.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda Ukukhanya?
It
Emva kwempumelelo yokulungelelaniswa kwefilimu ekhutshwe ngo-2017, enye yeefayile ze- Iinoveli ezingama-80 zebheji ezoyikisayo Ukhe wafumana amava okusikhumbuza ukuba kutheni It Ungomnye wabalinganiswa aboyikisayo kuncwadi. Lapapashwa ngo-1986, ibali libekwe kumaxesha amabini: ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-50 nango-1985, unyaka apho iqela "labalahlekileyo" labuyela kwidolophu yabo, iDerry, ukuze bajongane nomntu okhohlakeleyo owayezenza mntu ophilileyo .
Iintlungu
Njengokuba yayisisibikezelo sokungaboni ngasonye kukaKumkani ngo-1999, umlinganiswa ophambili Iintlungu, umbhali wenoveli kwezothando uPaul Sheldon, owathi emva kokufumana ingozi yemoto wavuka ekhayeni lika-Annie Wilkies, umongikazi ozibhengeza njengowuthandayo umsebenzi wakhe; kakhulu kangangokuba ugqibela ngokunyanzela ukuthanda kwakhe ekudalweni komsebenzi olandelayo apho uSheldon ebhaptizwa. Inoveli efumene iindawo eziphakamileyo ezoyikisayo emva kokubonakaliswa kwefilimu ngo-1990 apho UKathy Bates uzuze i-Oscar ye-Best Actress ngokuzalwa kwakhe kuka-Annie ongumtyholi.
Zithini, ngokoluvo lwakho, ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zikaStephen King?