Iincwadi zikaJules Verne

Ukuthetha ngeencwadi zikaJules Verne kukuthetha ngobona butyebi bukhulu boncwadi lwehlabathi. Lo mbhali kunye nembongi wazalwa nge-8 kaFebruwari, 1828 eNantes, eFrance. Umsebenzi wakhe obanzi udlulile kwaye uyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengelinye lamagalelo aphambili kwaye abaluleke kakhulu akhokelele ekuqalekeni kohlobo lwenzululwazi kuncwadi. Emva kobomi obugcwele iziganeko, eneminyaka eyi-77 kwaye esabhala, wabulawa sisifo seswekile.

UVerne wayeyindoda eyayinombono ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe, kwaye oko kwabonakaliswa ngokucacileyo emsebenzini wakhe, enyanisweni, zininzi iinyani ezinomdla ngobomi bakhe. Akazange eze nemibono yemibono kuphela, wakwazi nokuchaza izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezazibonakala ziphambene ngelo xesha, kodwa zaqanjwa ngaxeshanye. Nangona kunjalo, yema kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngenxa yesitayile salo se surrealist, Kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba aqikelele ikamva kwiinoveli zakhe zangoku.

Phambi kweencwadi

Ukuba lizibulo labantakwabo abahlanu kwaye evela kusapho olusisityebi, uVerne ukwazile ukugqiba ngempumelelo izifundo zakhe zokuqala kwisikolo iSaint-Stanislas. Emva kwexesha waya kwiRoyal Lyceum yaseNantes kwaye waphumelela njengomfundi obalaseleyo. Ngalo lonke eloxesha UJulio waqala ukutsala umdla kwisayensi, kwaye wakhulisa uthando olukhulu kwimibongo.

Ngo-1847, exhaswa ngutata wakhe, wafudukela eParis eyokufundela ubugqwetha. Apho wangena kwizangqa zoncwadi kwaye wadibana nabantu abanefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso lomsebenzi wakhe, njengoAlexandre Dumas utata, kunye nonyana wakhe. Ngelo xesha uJulio wabhala umdlalo UAlexander VI, kwaye ke laqala inqanaba lakhe njengombhali wemidlalo.

Ngelixa kwisiXeko sokuKhanya wenza izihlobo nabalinganiswa abaphumayo ngelo xesha. Kwakunjalo ngoNadar, utata weefoto zasemoyeni, igcisa lokuqala ukubamba iFrance esibhakabhakeni esifakwe kwibhaluni yomoya oshushu. Ngayo, UVerne waba nomdla kwimbono yokubhabha kunye namathuba amaninzi.

Ngo-1849 wagqitywa njengegqwetha, ezalisekisa umnqweno kayise. Kodwa uJulio, owayengenamdla, akazange ayamkele le nto. Emva kwexesha, ngenxa yokwala kwakhe, inkxaso-mali awayeyifumana kusapho lwarhoxiswa.

Ukusilela kwakhe kwemali, ukutya kunye noxinzelelo kwamkhokelela ekubeni ahlupheke kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo enxulunyaniswa nomzila wokugaya ukutya, ukongeza ekuqaqambiseni isifo seswekile, wachaza oku kunina ngeleta. Ukusuka apho, uJules Verne waqala ukuzinikezela ngokupheleleyo kwiileta.

UJules Verne, wayekhe wathandana

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye, uVerne wathandana nomzala wakhe, uCoralie; waphefumlela imibongo yakhe yokuqala. Ngapha koko, wakhwela inqanawa yomrhwebi eyayisiya e-Indies ukuze ayifumanele ipeyinti ebubungqina bothando lwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, utata wakhe wafumanisa kwaye wamenza wehla esikhepheni ngoko nangoko. UJules Verne omncinci waqala ukubhala amabali ukusukela ngoko.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, xa wayehlala eParis, uCoralie waye wazibophelela kwaye wazinikela ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Kwakungekho ngo-1856 ukuba waba nomdla kumfazi. NgoJanuwari 1857 watshata no-Honorine Deviane Morel, umfazi owayengumhlolokazi eneentombi ezimbini; UValentine noSuzanne.

UVerne utshatele ukulungela kwaye kananjalo enenjongo yokugcwalisa ukungabikho komoya, kodwa umtshato awuzange umncede aphilise iintlungu, akazange onwabe. Emva kweminyaka emine sihlala kunye, uHonorine wakhulelwa umntwana wokuqala kunye nokuphela kukaJulio, uMichel Verne., kwaye ngaloo mizuzu umbhali wayelungiselela ukuya kuhambo.

Ukuphefumlelwa

UJulio waqala ukubhala esencinci ukuziva Ephefumlelwe ngamabali utitshala wakhe amxelele eklasini malunga nomyeni wakhe, owayengumatiloshe. Umbhali wayenomdla ogqithisileyo wokufunda kwaye wayekuthanda ukuqokelela amanqaku ahambelana nesayensi kunye neemagazini. Wayeyindoda yokucinga nzulu, hayi ilize amabinzana akhe aphakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi.

Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eParis, wachitha iiyure ezininzi elayibrari efuna ukufunda yonke into. Wayesebenzisa inxalenye enkulu yemali awayeyithunyelwa ngutata wakhe ekuthengeni iincwadi, ikakhulu ezimalunga nobunjineli, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nejografi.

Ukususela ngo-1859 uJulio waqala ukufumanisa uthando lwakhe lokuhamba kwaye wafumana owona mthombo uphambili wokubhala malunga nabo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, uhambo lukaJules Verne babembalwa kakhulu.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

UJules Verne: indalo yezizathu zokwenza into

Iziqwenga zezinye zeencwadi ezidumileyo zeJules Verne

Nazi izicatshulwa ezivela kweminye imisebenzi edumileyo kaJules Verne:

Ehlabathini jikelele kwiintsuku ezingama-80

“Uloliwe ubemkile ngexesha elimiselweyo. Wayephethe iqela labakhenkethi, amanye amagosa, abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye neopium kunye nabarhwebi be-indigo awayebabizela ukugcwala kwakhe kwimpuma usingasiqithi ...

Amashumi amabini amawaka amaLigi aphantsi koLwandle

"Inene, kangangexesha elithile iinqanawa ezininzi zadibana" nento enkulu "elwandle, into ende, yefusiform, ngamanye amaxesha iphosphorescent, inkulu ngokungapheliyo kwaye ikhawuleza ngaphezu komnenga ...".

Umxholo weencwadi zikaJules Verne

Uninzi lwazo Imisebenzi kaVerne imalunga nokuzonwabisa kunye nokuhamba kwiindawo ezingaziwayo, apho kungekho mntu wakhe waya khona. Kodwa uJulio wayenamacandelo aliqela kwikhondo lakhe lomsebenzi njengombhali.

Ekuqaleni, njengoyise wesayensi yamabali, iinoveli zakhe zazinxulumene ikakhulu nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Eminye imisebenzi kweli nqanaba yile: Ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya enyangeni, IiAdventures zikaCaptain Hatteras, Uhambo oluya kwiZiko loMhlaba.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, umxholo weenoveli zakhe waba mandundu ngakumbi kwaye wancipha kwi-surreal.. Waqhubeka nokusebenzisa intsomi, kodwa ngoku ikwabandakanya ii-biographies, abalinganiswa abangakumbi babantu, kunye nohambo oluya kwiindawo ezikhoyo ngokwenyani. Imisebenzi yakhe ibonakala: Ehlabathini jikelele kwiintsuku ezingama-80 y Umhlaba wee-furs.

Ekugqibeleni, Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela ukudinwa kwakhe kwaqatshelwa, kwaye iimveliso zakhe zoncwadi zibonisa ubumnyama obuninzi kunye nethemba. UVerne wayeka ukuthimba inzululwazi njengesixhobo esincedayo kuphuhliso lomntu. Endaweni yoko wayisebenzisa njenge-vortex etya uluntu kunye nezopolitiko kunye nongxowankulu. UJulio uvakalise iinjongo zakhe kwimisebenzi enje: UAdam ongunaphakade, kwaye Ukuphambuka kukaJonathan.

Ukuhlela kunye nemveliso

Ukuqala kukaJules Verne kwihlabathi loncwadi kwakungelula. Ngomnyaka we-1862, ekhuthazwa nguNadar, uJulio wabuyela kumhleli kamva kuninzi lomsebenzi wakhe, uPierre-Jules Hetzel. Umbhalo obhaliweyo ungenisiwe yayingu Iiveki ezintlanu kwibhaluni, Umsebenzi wokuqala owavula uthotho lwezihloko ezizayo Iihambo ezingaqhelekanga.

Emveni kwalonto, UJulio wamkela ikhontrakthi eyayinikezelwa nguHetzel, eyayisithi uza kubhala iincwadi ezimbini ngonyaka ngeewarhente ezingama-20.000 XNUMX., apho kwakufuneka afudukele eAmiens. Imveliso yokuqala ye- Iihambo ezingaqhelekanga zapapashwa kwiphephancwadi elalibhalwa nguHetzel, iMagasin d'Éducation et de Récréation.

UHetzel wayexhalabile malunga nokubonakala kwe Iihambo ezingaqhelekanga xa waqaphela ukuba uluntu lutsala kuye. Ke Ndiqale ukuyila iqweqwe lezihloko ngenkqubo yekhadibhodi. Obu buchule buqulathe ukubeka umsebenzi usebenzisa ikhadibhodi kuqweqwe oluqatywe ilinen efakwe kwimisonto. Oku kongeze ukubaluleka ngakumbi kunye nokuthandwa ziincwadi zikaVerne, zibenza badume kuluntu oluphakamileyo.

Ilifa

Eselukhukweni lokufa ngo-1905, uJules Verne wabhala Iihambo ezingaqhelekanga, y Emva kokubhubha kwakhe, imisebenzi yakhe emininzi yaqhubeka ipapashwa. Omnye wabo "yincwadi yakhe elahlekileyo", EParis ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, yabhalwa ngo-1989, yaza yapapashwa ngo-1994.

Ulwazi kunye nokucinga kukaJulio kwamkhokelela ekubeni avelise imisebenzi enobunzima obukhulu kuhlobo lwenzululwazi kunye noncwadi lwehlabathi. Embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, uVerne wayephambili kwinkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe; kwaye wayehlala esazi ukuba intsomi yakhe yayingeyiyo enye into ngaphandle kwenyani yekamva.