Kuthathwa njengenye ye ababhali abakhulu baseSpain benkulungwane yama-XNUMX, Miguel Delibes (Valladolid, 1920) wanikezela ngenxalenye enkulu yobomi bakhe kumsebenzi owasekwa emva kwemfazwe eSpain ukwenza ilizwe lazi ngeziphumo zokuthenga nokucinezela imilinganiselo ethile yokuziphatha. Iminyaka esibhozo emva kokubhubha kwakhe, iinoveli zikaDelibes ziyaqhubeka zintsha kwaye ziyimfuneko kwindawo yokubhala egcwele amazwi akhe, ukubonakaliswa kunye nokulungiswa kwemidlalo yeqonga. Makhe sijonge i-biography kunye neencwadi eziphambili zikaMiguel Delibes.
I-Biography kaMiguel Delibes
Inzala yomFrentshi neSpanish, uMiguel Delibes wazalelwa eValladolid apho wayefunda khona kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kude kube ngo-1936. Ihlobo labo kumasipala waseMolledo, eCantabria, apho wakhulela khona utata wakhe kwaye nobomi obuzolileyo obuzakukhuthaza uthando lombhali lokuzingela kunye nendalo, imixholo emibini eqhubeka rhoqo emsebenzini wakhe. Ukungena kwakhe kwihlabathi labantu abadala kungqamene ne- Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain oko kwamnyanzela ukuba abe yinxalenye yenqanawe yaseMallorcan apho wayesebenza njengevolontiya ngaphambi kokuba abuyele eValladolid.
Ngeli nqanaba litsha, ukwazile ukuphumelela kwiSikolo sezoRhwebo kunye nokufunda umthetho, ngaxeshanye ukubhaliswa kwakhe kwiSikolo soBugcisa kunye nezobuGcisa eValladolid kwamvumela ukuba waqeshwa njengomdwebi wekhathuni ngo-1941 kwiphephandaba i-El Norte de Castilla. Ngo-1946 waqeshwa umtshato no-lesngeles de Castro, apho wathetha khona izihlandlo ezininzi njengeyona "mpembelelo inkulu."
Emva kokuzinza njengonjingalwazi wezomthetho, umyeni owonwabileyo kunye notata wenkwenkwe egama linguMiguel, uDelibes waqala ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, Isithunzi se-cypress silingisiwe, umsebenzi awufumene umvuzo weNadal ngo-1947Ukudibanisa umsebenzi owalandelwa yiminye imisebenzi enje nge-Still is by Day, neyathi yaphicothwa xa yayipapashwa ngo-1949, okanye i-El camino, ngo-1952. UGermán no-Elisa, ukongeza ekuchongweni kwakhe njengosekela mlawuli we-El Norte de Castilla.
Ama-50s lelinye lawona maxesha abalulekileyo ombhali, ngokupapashwa kweminye imisebenzi efana nonyana wam uSisí, uMdlalo, iDiary yomzingeli. eziqala ngaphezulu okanye abantu abaphawulwe yimfazwe. Ukuzalwa komntwana wabo wesihlanu, uJuan, kwi-1956 kunye nokuqeshwa kwakhe njengo- umlawuli we-El Norte de Castilla Baza kuphawula ukuphela kokugqitywa kweminyaka elishumi eyahlukileyo kunye nokuqala kwelona lithembisa ngakumbi.
Ii-60s zazimele Umhla weDelibes Njengombhali, ehambelana nokuzalwa kwabantwana bakhe uAdolfo noCamino. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ebalaseleyo sifumana i-Las ratas, ophumeleleyo kwiBhaso labaGxeki okanye, ngakumbi, Iiyure ezintlanu noMario, zithathwa njengeyona ncwadi yakhe ibalaseleyo kwaye okokuqala kwexesha lokuqala emva kokushiya i-El Norte de Castilla ngenxa yeempikiswano ezahlukileyo noManuel Fraga kwaye bahlala ixesha e-United States, apho wayesebenza njengonjingalwazi otyeleleyo kwiYunivesithi yaseMaryland.
Kwii-70s, iiDelibes kwathiwa igama ilungu leRoyal Spanish Academy kunye noMbutho waseSpain waseMelika, ukuvuma okusongelwe kukusweleka komfazi wakhe u-Ángeles ngo-1974, umsitho owawuza kuphawula ngaphambi nasemva kobomi bombhali. Le minyaka ilandelayo yaphawulwa yimidlalo eyahlukeneyo yemidlalo bhanyabhanya kunye nemidlalo yeqonga kwimidlalo yakhe, kunye nomdlalo weqonga weeYure ezintlanu kunye noMario owayedlala uLola Herrera oyimpumelelo ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s.
I-80s iya kuthetha ukudityaniswa kwekhondo lakhe kunye Ukupapashwa kwemisebenzi enje nge-Holy Innocents okanye ukwamkelwa okufana neNkosana yeAsturias Award. Umsebenzi kaDelibes waba sisalathiso soncwadi esibalulekileyo hayi eSpain kuphela, kodwa nakwelinye icala leAtlantiki, ukuthumela ilizwi lombhali ngorhatya lwakhe lwaluza kufika ngo-1998, unyaka awathi wafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo somhlaza. ukufika ngokupheleleyo, oku ingunobangela wokusweleka kwakhe nge-12 ka-Matshi 2010.
Iincwadi ezilungileyo zikaMiguel Delibes
Umthunzi we-cypress umde
Ophumeleleyo kwiBhaso likaNadal ngo-1947, Umthunzi we-cypress umde imele amandla ashukunyiswe ngamaxesha anzima afana neminyaka yasemva kwemfazwe eSpain. Isifundo esisifumana kumlinganiswa ophambili, inkedama encinci uPedro ofundiswe ngumoni uDon Mateo Kwisixeko saseAvila sikhula phantsi kwenkolelo yokuba, ukuze siphile ebomini, kuyafuneka ukuba ubaleke kwabanye kwaye ungabonisi uthando oluncinci okanye uvakalelo kwabanye abantu.
Iimpuku
Yapapashwa ngo-1962 kwaye Abagxeki abaphumeleleyo beBhaso emva konyaka,Iimpuku icacile Uyayigxeka i-latifundio, okanye utyekelo lweenkosi ezizizityebi zokuxhaphaza imimandla emikhulu besebenzisa abahlali abasebenza kwiinkonzo zabo. Imeko egutyungelwe kule ncwadi yinkwenkwe eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-El Nini, umfana omncinci ophethukela kuye ukufumana ingcebiso enikwe amandla akhe okufunda indalo kunye nehlabathi edolophini eligutyungelwe lusizi olukhokelela kwizikhewu zentlalo.
Iiyure ezintlanu noMario
Ukunikezelwa kobugcisa obungenakuphikiswa, Iiyure ezintlanu noMario, yapapashwa ngo-1966, Ubalisa ngeeyure ezintlanu ahlala kuzo umfazi ejonge isidumbu sendoda yakhe kwigumbi elinetafile esecaleni kwebhedi ebonisa umbhalo weBhayibhile onemiqolo emininzi ekrwelelwe umgca ngaphantsi. Isakhelo esifanelekileyo sokubonakalisa umfazi okhumbula ubomi bakhe, iimpazamo zakhe kunye nokubonakala kwakhe kukhokelela kwi-x-ray ekhethekileyo yobomi, intlalo kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini eSpain. Umdlalo wahlengahlengiswa kwimidlalo yeqonga amatyeli aliqela kwaye wakhonza njengenkuthazo kuPaco León kwifilimu uCarmina y amen.
Abamsulwa abangcwele
Ipapashwe ngo-1981, Abamsulwa abangcwele yathathelwa ingqalelo njengenye ye "Iincwadana ezili-100 ezilungileyo ngeSpanish" ngu-El Mundo kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla ayo amakhulu njengomsebenzi ogxeka ukungalingani kwezentlalo zaseSpain ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ibekwe kwindlu esefama e-Extremadura, inoveli ibalisa ngeengxaki ekufuneka zijongane nosapho olwenziwe nguRégula, uPaco kunye nabantwana babo abane, bonke bengabasebenzi beenkosi zepropathi ezitsala ingcinezelo kunye nokudelelwa kwexesha.
Umwexuki
Umsebenzi wokugqibela omkhulu weDelibes Yapapashwa ngo-1998 kwaye yayingumboniso ocacileyo kwinzalelwane yakhe yaseValladolid ngamaxesha kaCarlos V, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ixesha apho inkululeko yokucinga yaphawulwa ngayo Uhlaziyo lukaLuther Kubonwe ngamehlo omrhwebi uCipriano Salcedo. Inoveli ethi, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngexesha, iqhubeke nenjongo efanayo neminye yemisebenzi yakhe emininzi: isizungu, uthando kunye nokubonakaliswa kwabo banobuganga bakhululeke kwihlabathi elimiselweyo.
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