Iincwadi zikaNoam Chomsky

"Iincwadi zikaNoam Chomsky" luphendlo oluqhelekileyo kwiwebhu ngabathandi beelwimi. Oku akulolize, umbhali uthathwa njengenye yeengcali zeelwimi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi, imisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi kulwimi nakwinzululwazi yokuqonda inefuthe elikhulu kwihlabathi.

Andazi ngubani noam chomsky namhlanje, kuyalahleka umbono womsebenzi omkhulu. Umbhali waseMelika, isazi ngeelwimi kunye nefilosofi wazalwa nge-7 kaDisemba ngo-1928. Uthathwa njengenye yezona ngqondi zibalulekileyo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX neyama-XNUMX. Isincoko sikaChomsky kunye nolunye upapasho lumfumanele amabhaso aliqela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.. Ufundise eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kwaye apho wadibanisa ithiyori yakhe yokuvelisa igrama, esisiseko sayo sis syntax yezivakalisi. Kwezopolitiko, uyinxalenye yaBasebenzi beMizi-mveliso bemanyano yeHlabathi, umxhasi we-anarcho-syndicalism kunye ne-libertarian socialism.

Ulutsha kunye nezifundo

UChomsky wazalelwa ePhiladelphia, ePennsylvania, eUnited States; Abazali bakhe babengabafuduki baseUkraine benkolo yobuYuda. Uyise uWilliam "Zev" Chomsky kunye nomama wakhe uElsie Simonofsky babengabaphengululi begrama yolwimi lwesiHebhere.

Usapho lukaNoam lwalukumgangatho ophakathi kwaye luyinxalenye Ubuntwana bakhe wayehlala ePhiladelphia naseNew York. Kwezi ndawo umfana waye wabona ukungabikho kokusesikweni kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamandla kubantu ababemngqongile, yiyo loo nto kwasekuqaleni wayeyinxalenye yeentetho ngamalungelo oluntu kunye nezopolitiko.

Wafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi e-Oak Lane Country Day School kwaye ngo-1945 waphumelela iklasi ye-184th yeCentral High School., ukuba ngomnye wabafundi ababalulekileyo. Ngelo xesha wabhala isincoko ngeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain kunye nefascism eyabonwa eYurophu emva kokupheliswa kwayo.

Ukususela ngo-1945 ukuya ku-1949 wafunda kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania kwaye impembelelo yakhe enkulu yayinguNjingalwazi Zellis Harris. Ngonyaka wokuthweswa kwakhe isidanga, uNoam Chomsky watshata noCarol Schatz, owaba liqabane lakhe ebomini.

Igalelo kwilwimi

Kungekudala emva kokuphumelela, waqala ukufundisa kwi-MIT ngengcebiso yomhlobo wakhe. Waqala njengoprofesa oncedisayo kwaye wanyuselwa ngokukhawuleza, wafundisa iilwimi kunye negrama kwisidanga sokuqala nakwabafundi abaphumeleleyo.

Ngo-1957 wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala osihloko sithi Ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo, apho avakalise izimvo zakhe ngeelwimi. Ithiyori yakhe yayisekwe ekudibaniseni igrama yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenza ukuba ibekho jikelele. Ngo-Epreli waloo nyaka, kwazalwa intombi yabo u-Aviva, owathi waba ngumfundi kunye nomzabalazo.

Ngo-1960 intombi yabo uDiane yazalwa kwaye ngo-1965 wapapasha Imiba yethiyori yeSyntax, incwadi apho wabhala khona ngegrama yendalo yonke kunye nokuvelisa. UChomsky uvakala ukuba is syntax sesivakalisi sinokutshintsha ngokungenasiphelo amaxesha amaninzi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa intsingiselo yaso. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva unyana wabo uHarry wazalwa.

Ngo-1972 wapapasha IiSyntactics kunye neeSemantics kwiGama loLwimi, Kolu papasho, uqhubeke nembono yakhe yokuba ii-syntactics ziyagqobhoza kunye nee-semantics. Khange afune ukumisela ulwakhiwo olunye okanye oluchanekileyo lwezivakalisi, kodwa endaweni yamandla okuvelisa elona nani likhulu lokutolika.

UChomsky kwezopolitiko

Izimvo zombhali zopolitiko zisekwe kwifilosofi yenkululeko yontlalontle, ngokuchasene noorhulumente abangoozwilakhe, ukuhlawulwa kwamakhoboka kunye nokwala ukuphazamiseka kukarhulumente. Iqinisekisa ukubakho koluntu lwentando yesininzi olwakhiwe kwiindibano zoluntu kunye nezabemi.

Umbhali ukhalaze ngurhulumente waseMelika, uqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko loxolo lusetyenzisiwe njengesicwangciso sokuphikisana nohlaselo. KuChomsky, iingcinga zikarhulumente ziyakhuthazwa ngukuthanda izwe okukhuthazwa zezi meko.

Ngo-2006 wapapasha Ukusilela kwamazwe. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamandla kunye nokuhlaselwa kwedemokhrasi, apho wahlalutya indlela i-US ejoyine ngayo iingxaki zezinye izizwe. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umfazi wakhe uCarol, owayenomhlaza, wasweleka.

Hayi namhlanje

Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, umbhali wadibanisa iingcamango zakhe ngegrama kunye nolwimi. KuChomsky, ingqondo yomntu inolwazi lwangaphakathi ngokunxibelelana nolwimi, ezi zinempembelelo okanye zinokutshintsha kuxhomekeke kwimeko apho zikhula khona.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje umbhali ugxile ekwenzeni ukuba umbono wakhe wehlabathi waziwe kwaye athathe inxaxheba kwezopolitiko, ugxeke oorhulumente abaliqela kuMbindi noMzantsi Merika waza wagqabaza ngengxaki yaseVenezuela. UNoam unewebhusayithi apho unokufikelela khona ngezinto ngobomi bakhe nasemsebenzini.

Iincwadi zikaNoam Chomsky

Nazi izicatshulwa zomsebenzi kaChomsky kwezopolitiko nakwilwimi:

Ngubani olawula ihlabathi?

"Ipateni yomvuzo nezohlwayo iyaphindwa kuyo yonke imbali: abo bazibeka kwinkonzo karhulumente bahlala benconywa luluntu ngokubanzi, ngelixa abo bangafuniyo ukuzimilisela kwinkonzo karhulumente bohlwaywa."

Iimpawu eziyimfuneko: Ulawulo lokucinga kwiNtlalo yeDemokhrasi

“Kufanelekile ukugxininisa ukuba kuninzi kakhulu okusemngciphekweni apha kunokungakhathali, ukungabinakho ukusebenza okanye ukusebenzela urhulumente. Ukhuselo olunikwe abagrogrisi bakarhulumente "kwidemokhrasi esasazekayo" ibonelela ngesigqubuthelo emva kwabo bangazibandakanya kwizenzo zabo zenkohlakalo, ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yase-US, kunye nokugxila kumsindo wabanqolobi. Ukuphathwa gadalala kwabantu baseNicaragua, kuncinci kakhulu, kuye kwakhokelela kwiinkqubo zikaReagan. uloyiko kunye neemfazwe zoqoqosho. "

Masithethe ngobunqolobi

"Kufuneka uluqonde unyulo lwaseMelika ngokwemeko yabo yokwenyani, i-United States ngokwenene, ngeendlela ezininzi, iluluntu olukhululekileyo nolukhululekileyo. Imithombo yobundlobongela enokusetyenziswa nguRhulumente inqabile, baninzi abantu abanelungelo kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, singathetha ngoluntu oluvulekileyo.

“… E-United States akukho politiki yombutho injeya iyakubakho kwidemokhrasi eyamkelekileyo. Esi sizathu sokuba phantse isiqingatha sabemi singavoti ”.

Amanye amabhaso nokwahlulahlula

• IGuggenheim Scholarship kuLuntu, eUnited States naseKhanada (1971).
•  Ibhaso leKyoto kwiiSayensi eziSisiseko (1988).
• UMenjamin kaBenjamin Franklin kwiNzululwazi yeCognitive kunye neComputer (1999).
• Ibhaso loxolo laseSydney (ngo-2011)
• Umvuzo Imida yoLwazi kuBantu kunye nezeNzululwazi ngezeNtlalo (2019).