Usuku lweeKumkani. Ukukhohlisa, izipho, uvuyo, i-roscón, ifandesi kunye nabalinganiswa bokugqibela beeholide zeKrisimesi kunye nekhulu leencwadi. Namhlanje ndibalaselisa apha ezi 8 zisuka kubabhali njengezodidi njengabantsundu, ii-epic okanye ezimnandi njenge Sophocles, Don Winslow, Ana María Matute okanye uWilliam Shakespeare.
UKhohlwa uKumkani uGudú -UAna Maria Matute
Ithunyelwe kwi 1996, Le noveli sele iklasikhi okoko yabekwa ezishelfini. Ubunkokheli buka-Ana María Matute waqamba umsebenzi wakhe owaziwayo kunye nenye yeenoveli ezinkulu zoncwadi lwangoku. Andilulo uhlobo lwefantasy kodwa lo mfanekiso we Iintsomi zaPhakathi kwaye zizele ziintsomi Ndiyayithanda. Umbhali ofanayo wayeyithatha ngemihla yakhe incwadi ayithandayo kuyo yonke.
Yimbali ye amabali amnandi ebalisa ngokuzalwa kunye nokwandiswa kwe- Ubukumkani bukaOlar Ngesakhiwo esigcwele abalinganiswa kunye neentshukumo. Cwangcisa indawo enomfuziselo ye ukumangalisa emantla kunye nommango ongenakuphepheka wase Mpuma nase Mzantsi, othintela ukwanda kobukumkani bukaOlar, obuya kuba sisiseko sabo ubuqili bentombazana, umlingo womthakathi kunye nemithetho yomdlalo wesidalwa esihlala phantsi komhlaba.
Imbali yokumkani othukileyo -Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
Su Ukulungiswa kwefilimu Yenye yeefilimu zam (ezimbalwa kakhulu) zaseSpain endinokuzibukela ngokungakhathali ngalo lonke ixesha iboniswa kumabonwakude. UTorrente Ballester wayipapasha kwi1989 kwaye kukuzonwabisa okumnandi kakhulu ebomini kwinkundla kakumkani UFilipu IV, ngakumbi xa usenza isigqibo ngento oyifunayo jonga ukumkanikazi ehamba ze. Le nyaniso ibangela ingxwabangxwaba phakathi kwabacebisi bakhe kunye nabavumeli bakhe abazimanya nemicimbi yothando lokumkani kunye nenkundla yamatyala kunye nobukumkani obulandelayo. Yonke into isonjululwe ngesigqebhezana esikhulu kunye nokuhlekisa okukhulu.
UKumkani Oedipus - USophocles
Iklasikhi yeklasikhi ngaphandle komhla wokudala owaziwayo. Ithathelwa ingqalelo Sophocles wobugcisa. U-Oedipus ungukumkani weThebes kunye nomyeni waseJocasta kwaye ngowona mzuzu ubalaseleyo wobukumkani bakhe. Xa waphanda ngokusweleka kokumkani wangaphambilini uLayus, wafumanisa ukuba ngutata wakhe lo. Kwaye umfazi wakhe uJocasta kwangaxeshanye ngunina. Uzibulala kwaye u-Oedipus, emva kokumfamekisa, ucela umlamu wakhe uCreon ukuba amyekele ekuthinjweni.
UKumkani ophambili - William Shakespeare
Enye intlekele yeklasi nomnye ukumkani wasentsomini njengoMfundisi wombhali odumileyo wamaNgesi ngalo lonke ixesha. Yabhalwa phakathi kwe-1605 kunye ne-1606 kwaye yenziwa ngo-1606, kwaye ine- izenzo ezintlanu kwivesi kunye neprose. Yapapashwa ngo-1608 kwaye isuka kwimithombo enje Regum Brittaniae imbali ibhalwe ngo-1135 ngu UGeoffrey waseMonmouth, nangona uShakespeare wasebenzisa kuphela umfanekiso kakumkani, kuba impikiswano yeyakhe yoqobo.
En UKumkani ophambili zimbini izicwangciso ezifanayo: zokumkani neentombi zakhe ezintathu, UGoneril, uRegan noCordelia, kunye ne-Earl kaGloucester noonyana bakhe ababini. Kuzo zombini iimeko kukho unyana ongumngcatshi kunye nokubandezeleka okukhulu kwicala labazali. Intsapho imele kuphela amaphupha amabi kakhulu kunye nokungathembani kunye nokuphambana kuya kukhokelela kwintlekele ekungekho mntu usindiswayo kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni, uKing Lear osele ephambene kunye noGloucester banabantwana ababathanda ngokwenene, intuthuzelo encinci ngaphambi kokuba basweleke.
Ookumkani bokuphola -UDon Winslow
Kule nto prequel ukuya Ndalo, I-Winslow ibuyisa abalinganiswa kule noveli ukuphinda bayenze eyadlulayo, kwaye bayisa kwi ICalifornia iphantse yasentsomini ngemvelaphi yokurhweba ngeziyobisi kunye nokunxibelelana kwakhe neenkampani zeziyobisi zaseMexico. Yenzeka ngo-2005 kwaye UBen, Chon kunye no-O bahlala bengenazithintelo eLaguna Beach kwaye abananto icacileyo ukuba mabenze ntoni ngobomi babo. Emva koko uChon ubuya e-Afghanistan esekhefini nembewu yomhlolokazi omhlophe, uhlobo lwe-cannabis, kwaye lixesha nje ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwishishini lokukhulisa nokuthengisa intsangu. Kodwa iingxaki nazo ziyaqala.
King wemihlakulo -UJoyce Carol Oates
Ukufundwa okubalulekileyo kwababhali kunye nendlela inkqubo yokudala inoveli okanye kwale noveli inokwahlula kubini. Umbono omtsha womfanekiso kaGqirha Jekyll kunye noMnu Hyde isetyenziswe kumbhali onobuchule obukhethekileyo kunye nosapho olugqibeleleyo olubhala iinoveli zabacuphi eziyimpumelelo emini kwaye abe ngu UKumkani weSpades, isiteketiso ayisebenzisayo ukubhala ezinye iintlobo zeenoveli ezinobundlobongela obunobundlobongela. Eyona nto ibangela olu tshintsho iya kuba lisamani ayifumana ngolunye usuku nge Isityholo sokukopela ngummelwane wengingqi yakhe.
Ingxoxo yokugqibela yookumkani - Joe Abercrombie
Umbhali wase-Bhritane ligama elingaphezulu kwelaziwayo kuhlobo lwefantasy kunye nesihloko ivale trilogy yakhe ye Umthetho wokuqala. Itoni yombhali iyaqhubeka, ingcali yokuzazisa kwabanye abalinganiswa abaziwayo kunye nearchetypal (iwizadi elumkileyo, iqhawe eliselula, isiqhwala esikhohlakeleyo…). Kodwa emva koko usifundisa ukuba akukho mntu wayebonakala eyiyo.
Esi siphelo Ukumkani waseNyakatho uhlala etroneni yakhe kwaye mnye kuphela umkhosi onokumnqanda: Igazi elinxaniweyo. Kwelinye icala i UKumkani woManyano ubhubhile, abalimi bavukela kwaye amanene alwela isithsaba sabo. Ngowokuqala kuphela weeMagi onesicwangciso sokugcina umhlaba, kodwa ngeli xesha kukho umngcipheko. Kwaye owona mngcipheko mibi kukwaphula umthetho wokuqala.
Ukumkani wokugqibela -UMichael Curtis Ford
Imbali yokugqiba. UmMerika UC Curtis Ford ngutitshala ongumLatin, umguquleli kunye nombhali. Imisebenzi yakhe ijongene ikakhulu neGrisi kunye neRoma yakudala. Kule nto usibalisela ibali likaMitríades, inkwenkwana enobungangamsha ekubonakaliseni izakhono zakhe zomkhosi kwaye wayefuna ukudibanisa uBukhosi bamandulo bamaGrike. Waba UMithriades VI, ukumkani wasePonto, kwaye kangangeminyaka engamashumi amane wayesilwa amadabi amaninzi kodwa wayekwalixhoba lokuba namandla onke. Umnqweno wakho wokulandela emanyathelweni ka UAlexander Omkhulu bamsa kwi Isiphelo esimangalisayo.