Ngaba asinazo iincwadi ezininzi esinokuzifunda kangangezihlandlo ezininzi? Akunakwenzeka ukuba sinike ubomi bethu ukuba sifunde zonke iincwadi ezikhoyo, nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungapheli kwaye ucinge ukuba zeziphi Iincwadi ezi-5 ezilahlekileyo esingasokuze sizifunde… Ewe zikhona, okanye ubuncinci bezikhona… Kwaye hayi, akufani namangcwaba eencwadi ezilityelweyo uCarlos Ruíz Zafón wasixelela kwincwadi yakhe enkulu. "Isithunzi somoya". Ezi zincwadi ngelishwa zatshiswa okanye zalahleka… Siza kubona ezinye zazo.
Iincwadi ezilahlekileyo zeBhayibhile
Ibhayibhile yangoku ngumnqophiso wecawe ekuvunyelwene ngayo phakathi kwabefundisi ngexesha leBhunga laseTrent (1545-1563) ukumanya Endala neTestamente eNtsha. Nangona kunjalo, kuzo, ayizizo zonke izinto ezazikho eBhayibhileni ezihlanganisiweyo. Kuyaqatshelwa ukuba ubuncinci iincwadi ezingama-20, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-apocrypha (ezinye iitekisi zinokuhlangulwa kodwa hayi uninzi) ezazilahlekile. Kuyaziwa ukuba ubuncinci kubo babephethe isihloko "Incwadi Yeemfazwe zikaYehova".
Kutheni ezi apocryphal khange ithathelwe ingqalelo njengenxalenye yeBhayibhile kwezi nkcazo zilandelayo:
- Ukugatywa kukaYesu nabapostile.
- Ukugatywa nguLuntu lwamaYuda.
- Ukhatywa yinxalenye yeCawa yamaKatolika.
- Zidlulisela iimfundiso zobuxoki.
- Azisosiprofeto.
Imfazwe yokuqala yeHlabathi nguErnest Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway Wayengumqhubi we-ambulensi yase-Italiya ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathil. Kwakhona bathathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain nasekuqaleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Konke oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni abhale uthotho lwamabali awathi awabhaptiza kamva ngesihloko esithi "Imfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala."
Kwenzeka ntoni kwezi zinto zibhaliweyo? Abokuqala kubafazi bakhe abane bafaka le mibhalo kwisutikheyisi ukusuka eParis ukuya eLausanne (Switzerland), ukuya kudibana noHemingway ngokwakhe. Ithe yakufika yaya kukhangela isutikheyisi, waqonda ukuba ayikho apho ayishiya khona ... Yonke into yenza umrhanelwa omnye othe ityesi ibiwe. Esi siganeko sikhokelele esiphelweni somtshato. IHemingway ayinakuze iyeke ukungcikiva umfazi wakhe ngenxa yeso siganeko sibuhlungu.
Unokucinga ukuba uHemingway uzame ukuqokelela amanqaku alahlekileyo kwaye abhaliweyo kwakhona, kodwa wasilela ukwenza njalo. Uqhubekile nokubhala amabali amatsha nayo yonke loo nto imenze ukuba abe ngumbhali owaziwayo esiwufundayo namhlanje.
Iinkumbulo, nguNkosi Byron
U-Lord Byron wayenobomi obunempikiswano obuncinci: kunokwenzeka ukuba wayenentombi kunye nodadewabo, wayenokuba ngumthandi wabaninimzi abaninzi base-Bhritane bexesha lakhe kwaye wayokulwela inkululeko ye-Girisi ... Mhlawumbi wabhala phantsi Inxalenye enkulu yeenkumbulo ezikumbhalo wesandla owatshiswa ngamagqwetha omhlolokazi akuba umbhali efile. Ngokomgxeki wezoncwadi, la mabali "Banele kuphela kwi-brothel kwaye ngebegwebele u-Lord Byron kwi-infamy yaphakade."
Into esingathandabuzekiyo ngayo yile memoirs, ithi ibhayografi, yayiyeyona nto ithengwa kakhulu.
Umbongo «Margites» nguHomer
Njengoko sonke sisazi, uHomer wayengumyili wemisebenzi emikhulu enje "Iliad" y "I-odyssey"Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokudalwa kwale misebenzi mikhulu, wabhala umbongo obizwa ngokuba "IMargites", ibhalwe ngeenxa zonke Unyaka 700 a. C.
Lo mbongo ulahlekile, kodwa ngokuka-Aristotle ngokwakhe Imibongo, wathi uHomer ngombongo «NONE yaphawula umgca kwii-comedies, njengoko yenzayo nge-Iliad kunye ne-Odyssey kwiintlekele.
Inkunkuma yexabiso elingenakubalwa loncwadi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.
Imeko engaqhelekanga kaGqirha Jekyll kunye noMnu Hyde NguRobert Louis Stevenson
Kuthiwa, kwathiwa ngomhla wakhe, ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo ze-cocaine okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezifanayo, uRobert Lois Stevenson, wabhala Amagama angama-30.000 omsebenzi ngeentsuku ezi-3 kuphela, Kodwa hayi nguqulelo eyaziwayo namhlanje malunga "Ityala eliQhelekileyo likaGqirha Jekyll kunye noMnu Hyde", kodwa into ethetha kakhulu kunye nenkohliso, apho umbhali phantsi kweempembelelo zeziyobisi ezixube iingoma, ezoyikisayo kunye nefantasy. Olu hlobo loncwadi aluzange lubone kukhanya. Unobangela woku yayiyinkosikazi yombhali owacebisa ukuba le ncwadi ibe nokuziphatha kwaye "ingabhaduli" kangako.
UStevenson wayengenandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokuphosa loo mbhalo-ngqangi kwindawo yomlilo kwaye wayibhala kwakhona incwadi njengoko isaziwa ngoku.