Igama le rose

Igama le rose

Igama le rose

Igama le rose (1980) Ngumsebenzi okhokele i-Umberto Eco yase-Italiya ukungcamla iihoneys zempumelelo yoncwadi. Kwaye ayisiyongaphantsi, namhlanje, lo msebenzi uthengise iikopi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50. Yimbali yamabali anembali enzulu yemfihlakalo equlunqa uphando malunga nothotho lolwaphulo-mthetho olwenzeka ngexesha le-XNUMXth kwinkulungwane yeemonki zase-Itali.

Kungekudala emva kokukhululwa eluntwini, isicatshulwa safumana amabhaso amabini abalulekileyo: ibhaso Gqwirha (1981) kunye UMdinga weMedici (1982). Emva kweminyaka emihlanu-kwaye ihanjiswe yimpembelelo ebangelwe ngumsebenzi-i-Eco yapapashwa: Apostille kwigama le rose (1985). Ngalo msebenzi, umbhali wazama ukuphendula ezinye zezinto ezingaziwayo eziphakanyiswe kwinoveli yakhe, kodwa engazivezi iimfihlelo eziqulathiweyo.

Isishwankathelo se Igama le rose

Ebusika ka-1327, amaFranciscan UGuillermo de Baskerville uhamba kunye umfundi wakhe Isikhangiso sikaMelk sokubamba ibhunga. Indawo ekuyiwa kuyo: indlu yeemonki yaseBenedictine emantla e-Itali. Ukufika kwabo, bacwangcisa intlanganiso kunye neemonki kunye nabathunywa bakaPopu John XXII. Injongo: Xoxa ngamatyala orhwaphilizo (uqhekeko) esonakalisa isifungo sabapostile sentlupheko kwaye-ekucingelwa ukuba-baqhutywa liqela lamaFranciscans.

Intlanganiso iya kuba yimpumelelo, kodwa I-atmospheric igutyungelwe kukufa ngesiquphe nangokungaqondakaliyo komzobi u-Adelmo da Otranto. Indoda ifunyenwe iswelekile kumgangatho wethala leencwadi le-abbey -e-maze efanelekileyo yeeshelufu zencwadi ezizaliswe ziincwadi-emva kokuwa ngaphezulu kwe-Aedificium Octagon. Emva kokuvela kwenyani, UAbbone -U-Abad wetempile- ubuza uGuillermo ukuba aphande ngayo, ukusukela oko kurhanelwa ukuba kukubulala.

Imibuzo idlulileyo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe. Ngelo xesha, iimonki ezininzi zibonakala zifile, zonke zikwimeko ezifanayo: ngeminwe neelwimi zabo zinamabala einki emnyama. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukubhubha kunxulumene nencwadi ka-Aristotle onamaphepha afakwe ityhefu ngabom. Ngexesha lophando lwakhe, uGuillermo akazukufumana nje kuphela iimfihlakalo ezininzi, kodwa uya kujongana nobubi obunomzimba, obufaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo phantsi kwekhuselo lobudala kunye nobulumko ngokomfanekiso womfundisi oyimfama uJorge de Burgos.

Uhlalutyo Igama le rose

Ulwakhiwo

Igama le rose yimbali yemveli eyimbali eyenzeka ngonyaka we-1327. Eli yelenqe lenzeka kumzi woonongendi waseBenedictine omantla e-Itali. Ibali livela ngaphezulu kwezahluko ezisixhenxe, kwaye nganye yezi yimini ngaphakathi kophando lukaGuillermo kunye novice Adso. Okokugqibela, ngasendleleni, ngulowo ubalisa ukukhula kweentsomi kumntu wokuqala.

Obona balinganiswa

UWilliam waseBaskerville

Imvelaphi yesiNgesi, Ungumfo waseFranciscan owayekhe wakhonza njengombingeleli kwinkundla yokuNcina amakholwa. Uyindoda ekrelekrele, eqaphelayo kwaye ekrelekrele, enezakhono ezininzi zomcuphi. Uya kuba noxanduva lokusombulula ukubhubha okungummangaliso kunye ngesiquphe kweemonki kwi-abbey.

Igama lalo livela kuGuillermo de Ockham, umntu wembali u-Eco acinga ukumbeka njenge-protagonist kwasekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, Abagxeki abaninzi bathi inxenye yophando lukaBaskerville luvela kwi-iconic uSherlock Holmes.

Adso kaMelk

Imvelaphi ehloniphekileyo - unyana kaBaron de Melk -, ngumbalisi webali. Ngokomyalelo wosapho lwakhe, UWilliam waseBaskerville ubekwa ngokomyalelo, njengombhali nomfundi. Ngenxa yoko, uyasebenzisana ngexesha lophando. Ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwesiqwenga, ubalisa inxenye yamava akhe njengoBenedictine novice kunye noko wakufumanayo kuhambo lwakhe noGuillermo de Baskerville.

UJorge de Burgos

Uyimonki endala yemvelaphi yaseSpain ebukho bayo obubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweyelenqe.. Ukusuka kwi-physiognomy yakhe, u-Eco ubalaselisa ubumhlophe besikhumba sakhe kunye nokungaboni kwakhe. Ngokuphathelene nendima yakhe, umlinganiswa uvusa iimvakalelo ezingafaniyo kwabanye abahlali beemonki: ukunconywa kunye noloyiko.

Nangona eli xhego lilahlekelwe kukubona kwaye alisenguye ophetheyo kwithala leencwadi, izithuba zakhe zaziwa nge-intshi nge-intshi, kwaye Ilizwi lakhe liyaxatyiswa kwaye liqwalaselwe njengesiprofetho zezinye iimonki. Ukuyilwa kwalo mchasi, umbhali waphefumlelwa ngumbhali odumileyo uJorge Luis Borges.

Abadlali bembali

Xa isiza iintsomi zembali, abalinganiswa bokwenyani banokufunyanwa kumxholo, ikakhulu babeyinxalenye yenkolo. Phakathi kwazo kukho: UBertrando del Poggetto, Ubertino da Casale, UBernardo Gui kunye noAdelmo da Otranto.

Ulungelelwaniso lwenoveli

Iminyaka emithandathu emva kwempumelelo yenoveli, oku kwaziswa kwiscreen esikhulu ngumlawuli uJean-Jacques Annaud. Ifilimu ekwelo gama yayidlalwe ngabadlali abadumileyo uSean Connery- njengo-Friar William- kunye noChristian Slater- njengo Adso.

Njengencwadi, Ukuveliswa kwefilimu kwamkeleka kuluntu; Ukongeza, ifumene amabhaso ali-17 kukhuphiswano lwamazwe aphesheya. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwenkulumbuso yayo, abagxeki kunye nemithombo yeendaba e-Italiya benza ingxelo eqinileyo ngokuchasene nefilimu, njengoko bebecinga ukuba ayisiyiyo incwadi eyaziwayo.

Kwi-2019, uthotho lweziqendu ezisibhozo zakhutshwa ezonwabela impumelelo ithelekiswa nenoveli kunye nomdlalo bhanyabhanya. Yayiyimveliso yaseNtaliyane-isiJamani eyenziwe nguGiacomo Battiato; Yasasazwa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-130 kwaye yafumana uninzi olubi e-Itali.

Inyaniso enomdla

Umbhali usekele ibali Umbhalo obhaliweyo kaDom Adson de Melk, incwadi ayifumene ngo-1968. Lo mbhalo wesandla wafunyanwa kumzi woonongendi waseMelk (eOstriya) kwaye umenzi wayo wawutyikitya njengo: "Abbe Vallet". Oku kubandakanya ubungqina obunembali bexesha. Ngapha koko, nabani na owayibhalayo waqinisekisa ukuba yayiyikopi kanye yoxwebhu olwafunyanwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX eMelk Abbey.

Malunga nombhali, Umberto Eco

NgoLwesibini, nge-5 kaJanuwari, 1932, isixeko sase-Italiya i-Alessandria sabona Umberto Echo IBisio. Ungunyana kaGiulio Eco-accountant- kunye noGiovanna Bisio. Emva kokuqala kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, utata wakhe wabizelwa emkhosini. Ngesi sizathu, Umama wafudukela kwidolophu yasePiedmont nomntwana.

Izifundo kunye namava okuqala emsebenzini

Ngo-1954, wafumana isidanga sobugqirha kwifilosofi kunye neeleta kwiYunivesithi yaseTurin. Emva kokuphumelela, Ndisebenza kwi RAI njengomhleli wezenkcubeko kwaye waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengonjingalwazi eyunivesithi kwizindlu zokufunda eTurin, eFlorence naseMilan. Ngelo xesha, wadibana namagcisa abalulekileyo eGruppo 63, abantu abaza kuthi kamva baphembelele ikhondo lakhe lomsebenzi njengombhali.

Ukusukela ngo-1966, wayalela usihlalo wonxibelelwano olubonakalayo kwisixeko saseFlorence. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wayengomnye wabaseki be-International Association of Semiology. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, wafundisa iklasi yeesemiotiki kwiYunivesithi yaseBoli. Kule ndawo, wamisela iSikolo esiPhakamileyo seZifundo zoLuntu kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Uhlanga loncwadi

1966, umbhali yaxoxwa ngamabali ambalwa abonisiweyo abantwana: Ibhombu kunye no Jikelele y Oosomajukujuku abathathu. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine kamva wapapasha inoveli eyamkhokelela ekubekweni: Igama le rose (1980). Ukongeza, umbhali wabhala imisebenzi emithandathu, phakathi kwezi zinto zilandelayo: I-pendulum yeFoucault (1988) kunye UBaudolino Reina Loana (2000).

Eco wayedla ngokuziqhelisaUhlobo apho ebonise khona phantse i-50 isebenza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60. Phakathi kwezicatshulwa, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala: Umsebenzi ovulekileyo (1962) Apocalyptic kwaye idityanisiwe (1964), Owasikelelekileyo Liebana (1973) Unyango kwi-semiotic ngokubanzi (1975) Ubuncinci besibini bemihla ngemihla (1992) kunye Yakha utshaba (2013).

Ukufa

Umberto Eco walwa ixesha elide ngokuchasene nomhlaza wepancreatic. Ichaphazeleka kakhulu sesi sifo, Usweleke ngoLwesibini nge-19 kaFebruwari 2016 kwisixeko saseMilan.

Iinoveli zombhali

  • Igama le rose(1980)
  • I-pendulum yeFoucault(1988)
  • Isiqithi sosuku olungaphambili(1994)
  • baudolino(2000)
  • Idangatye elingaqondakaliyo likaKumkanikazi uLoana(2004)
  • Amangcwaba ePrague(2010)
  • Inani zero(2015)

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