I-Biography kunye nemisebenzi kaHoracio Quiroga

UHoracio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (1878-1937) wayengumntu obalisa amabali owathi ebomini bakhe bonke watsalwa ukuba abhale ngendalo nothando. Nangona kunjalo, la mabali abonisa ubomi obugcwele ziintlekele; waphulukana nabantu abasondeleyo kwaye amabali akhe othando awazange abe neziphelo ezimnandi.

Wayame kwimisetyenzana yokubhala ye-avant-garde, i-modernism kunye nendalo, kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukubeka indalo njengotshaba lwabantu. Wayethathwa njengomnye wababalisi ababalaseleyo kwiLatin America, hayi ngexesha lakhe kuphela, kodwa ngawo onke amaxesha.

I-Biography

Ubomi bokuqala kunye nosapho

UHoracio wazalelwa e-Uruguay ngo-Disemba 31, 1878Wahlala indawo enkulu ebomini bakhe eArgentina. Umama wakhe yayinguPastora Forteza kunye noyise u-Facundo Quiroga, owasweleka emva kwengozi ephethe umpu xa ebuya ekuzingeleni. UHoracio, ngelo xesha, wayenenyanga ezi-2 ubudala.

Umama wakhe watshata noMario Barcos, indoda eyaphumelela uthando lweQuiroga. Ngo-1896 utata wesibini wombhali wahlaselwa sistroke esamshiya engathethi kwaye ekhubazekile.UBarcos wadandatheka kakhulu kangangokuba wazidubula emlonyeni esebenzisa iinyawo, ngelixa uHoracio evula umnyango wegumbi.

Izifundo

Kwikomkhulu lelizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, wagqiba amabanga aphakamileyo.a, ngexa lobutsha bakhe umbhali wabonisa umdla wakhe kubomi beli lizwe, ukufota, kunye noncwadi. Wayengumkhangeli oselula, kwezinye iindibano zocweyo zePolytechnic Institute kwaye kwiYunivesithi yaseUruguay wafunda imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwenjongo yokufumana ulungelelwaniso.

Ngexesha leyunivesithi wayechitha ixesha kwiworkshop, khona umfana wayenomdla kwifilosofi, naye wasebenza kumaphephandaba Imagazini y Uhlaziyo. La mava amnceda ukuba apolishe isimbo sakhe kwaye afumane ukwamkelwa. Kude kube ngo-1897 wabhala imibongo engamashumi amabini anesibini, esagciniweyo nangoku.

Ukuqala koncwadi

I-Consistorio del Gay Saber yayiliqela loncwadi awalisekayo ekuqaleni kobomi bakhe ngo-1900, kulapho ke wazama khona ukuba abe ngumbalisi. Ngo-1901 wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqalaNangona kunjalo, kwakuloo nyaka abantakwabo bababini kunye nomhlobo wakhe uFederico basweleka, awabulala yena ngengozi xa wadutyulwa ngompu.

Intlungu yezi ntlekele, ngakumbi eyomhlobo wakhe, yanyanzela umbhali ukuba azinze eArgentina, apho waya khona ehlathini lobufundisi kwaye wakwazi ukufikelela ekukhuleni njengengcali nombhali. Wayefundiswe njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwaye wafumana umsebenzi wokufundisa kwiKholeji yeSizwe yaseBuenos Aires.

UHoracio kunye nothando lwakhe olungenangqondo

UHoracio wafundisa iSpanish, kwaye ngo-1908 wathandana noAna María CiresB, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abongoze abazali bakhe ukuba abavumele batshate. Ekugqibeleni bamkela, esi sibini saya kuhlala ehlathini kwaye saba nabantwana aba-2; kodwa uAna akazange onwabe ngokuhlala apho, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba azibulale ngo-1915.

Umbhali uthathe isigqibo sokubuyela eBuenos Aires nabantwana bakhe; usebenze njengonobhala kwi-Consulate General yase-Uruguay. Ngelo xesha, ephefumlelwe luhambo olunzima oluya ehlathini, iQuiroga yavelisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya: Iimbali zeJungle, yapapashwa ngo-1918.

Iminyaka yokugqibela kunye nokufa

Kwiminyaka elishumi yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uHoracio watshata noMaría Elena BravoBabenentombi baza bahlala ehlathini laseMisiones. Abamvumeli ukuba agqithise isikhundla sakhe kwiNdlu yoZakuzo ngenxa yotshintsho kurhulumente, umfazi wakhe wesibini naye wadinwa bubomi basehlathini wabuyela eBuenos Aires, oku kwamcaphukisa umbhali.

Ukwahlukana kwabo akuzange kuthintele uMaria kunye nentombi yakhe ekumkhapheni xa wayegula. UQuiroga wabuyela eBuenos Aires ukuba anyangwe, wayenomhlaza wesibeletho. NgoFebruwari 19, 1937, umbhali wagqiba kwelokuba azibulale ngenxa yokunxila kwe-cyanhydric, emva kokuhlala ujikelezwe ziintlekele.

Ulwakhiwo

Iincwadi zamabali zibonakalisa usiba lukaQuiroga, baba ziincwadi zakudala zoncwadi; Ubonakalise ubunyani bakhe ngokubhala ngaphandle kokuguqula amabali akhe abe yingxelo ngobomi bakhe. Eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye "master enkulu yentsomi yase Latin America" ​​babenelungelo:

- Iingqaqa zekorale (1901).

-Ibali lothando olungenangqondo (1908).

-Ibali lothando, impambano kunye nokufa (1917).

- Iimbali ezivela ehlathini (1918).

- Anaconda kunye namanye amabali (1921).